The standard error of the difference in means (SE) = √[(s1² / n₁) + (s2² / n₂)]
The number of degrees of freedom = n₁ + n₂ - 2
Standard Error of the Difference in Means:The standard error of the difference in means (SE) is calculated using the following formula:
SE = √[(s1² / n₁) + (s2² / n₂)]
where s₁ and s₂ are the sample standard deviations of the two groups, and n₁ and n₂ are the respective sample sizes.
Number of Degrees of Freedom:The number of degrees of freedom (df) depends on the type of analysis or test you are conducting. In the context of comparing means between two groups, the degrees of freedom can be calculated using the following formula:
df = n₁ + n₂ - 2
where n₁ and n₂ are the sample sizes of the two groups.
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Additional information: 1. Property plant and equipment is not entitled to any tax relief or capital allowances. 2. Tax depreciation value of machinery is RM100,000. 3. Tax rule allows full deduction
a) i) Determine the amount of deferred tax charged in the statement of Profit or Loss and Other Comprehensive Income for the year ended 31 December 2019.
Where can the deferred tax be found?The amount of deferred tax charged in the statement of Profit or Loss and Other Comprehensive Income for the year ended 31 December 2019 is RM18,000.
This is calculated as follows:
Taxable temporary difference = RM60,000 - RM50,000 = RM10,000
Tax rate = 30%
Deferred tax liability = RM10,000 x 30% = RM18,000
b) ii) If tax payable is RM500,000, prepare the journal entry to record the tax expense for the year 2019.
The journal entry to record the tax expense for the year 2019 is as follows:
Debit: Income tax expense (statement of profit or loss) RM518,000
Credit: Deferred tax liability (statement of financial position) RM18,000
Credit: Tax payable (statement of cash flows) RM500,000
c) Calculate the tax expense, tax payable and deferred tax for the year ended 31 December 2019.
The tax expense, tax payable and deferred tax for the year ended 31 December 2019 are as follows:
Tax expense = RM518,000
Tax payable = RM500,000
Deferred tax liability = RM18,000
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The Complete Question
1. Property plant and equipment is not entitled to any tax relief or capital allowances. 2. Tax depreciation value of machinery is RM100,000. 3. Tax rule allows full deduction for research and development when incurred. 4. Tax rules allow cash spent on actual repairs and refunds on warranties given. 5. Tax rate for the current year is 30%. Required: a) i) Determine the amount of deferred tax charged in the statement of Profit or Loss and Other Comprehensive Income for the year ended 31 December 2019. (9 marks) b) ii) If tax payable is RM500,000, prepare the journal entry to record the tax expense for the year 2019. (1 mark) Given below is the information for the year ended 2018 and 2019. Taxable temporary difference Taxable income 31 December 2018 31 December 2019 RM50,000 RM60,000 RM100,000 In November 2019, the government announced that the current tax rate of 28%, will be lowered to 25% effective from 1 January 2020. Calculate the tax expense, tax payable and deferred tax for the year ended 31 December 2019. (5 marks) Additional information: 1. Property plant and equipment is not entitled to any tax relief or capital allowances. 2. Tax depreciation value of machinery is RM100,000. 3. Tax rule allows full deduction for research and development when incurred. 4. Tax rules allow cash spent on actual repairs and refunds on warranties given. 5. Tax rate for the current year is 30%. Required: a) i) Determine the amount of deferred tax charged in the statement of Profit or Loss and Other Comprehensive Income for the year ended 31 December 2019. (9 marks) b) ii) If tax payable is RM500,000, prepare the journal entry to record the tax expense for the year 2019. (1 mark) Given below is the information for the year ended 2018 and 2019. Taxable temporary difference Taxable income 31 December 2018 31 December 2019 RM50,000 RM60,000 RM100,000 In November 2019, the government announced that the current tax rate of 28%, will be lowered to 25% effective from 1 January 2020. Calculate the tax expense, tax payable and deferred tax for the year ended 31 December 2019. (5 marks)
in perfect competition, price is equal to marginal revenue while in monopoly price is greater than marginal revenue. true false
The statement "In perfect competition, price is equal to marginal revenue while in monopoly price is greater than marginal revenue" is false because in perfect competition, the price is equal to marginal revenue.
Under perfect competition, all firms sell identical goods and can sell their goods at the prevailing market price. This implies that each firm takes the price of the product as a given and therefore, the price is equal to marginal revenue. In the case of monopoly, the price is greater than the marginal revenue.
The demand curve for a monopolist slopes downwards. As a result, the monopolist must reduce the price of its product in order to sell more of it. Marginal revenue will be less than the price as a result of this. This is why the monopolist's price is greater than the marginal revenue.
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Deirdre sold 103 shares of stock to her brother. James, for $2.884. Deirdre purchased the stock several years ago for $3.914. (Loss amounts should be Indicated by a minus sign. Leave no answers blank. Enter zero if applicable.) c. What amount of gain or loss does James recognize if he sells the stock for $3,3992 Recognized gain or loss ما es
When James sells the stock for $3,992, he realizes a gain of $1,108.
To calculate the gain or loss that James recognizes when he sells the stock for $3,992, we need to subtract his acquisition cost from the selling price.
Acquisition cost: $2,884
Selling price: $3,992
To determine the gain or loss, we subtract the acquisition cost from the selling price:
$3,992 - $2,884 = $1,108
Since the result is positive, James would recognize a gain of $1,108 when he sells the stock for $3,992.
However, it's worth noting that the information provided does not include the original purchase price of the stock by Deirdre, which is necessary to determine her gain or loss.
The given information only states that Deirdre purchased the stock several years ago for $3,914, but we don't know the number of shares she sold to James. Therefore, we cannot calculate Deirdre's gain or loss based on the information provided.
In summary, James recognizes a gain of $1,108 when he sells the stock for $3,992, but without additional information, we cannot determine Deirdre's gain or loss.
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Bramble Company sells automutic can openers under a 75-day warranty for defective merchand Based on past experienos Bramble estimates that 4% of the units sold will become defective during the warranty period. Management estimates that the average cost of replacing or repairing a defective unit is $20. The units sold and units defective that occurred during the last months of 2022 are as follows Manth ctri November December (a) 6 tab on T KY H → C M Units Sold Units Defective Prior to December 31 36,800 1 38,800 2 Q W A N S 3 736 485 S 4 E R aft D 20 X C 5 F T V 6 G Y hp B 00 H Yourt amwt is partiallycornect, Prepare the journal entry to record the costs incurred in honoring 1,221 warranty claims Assume actual costs of $24.420) (Credit account tites are outomatically indented when amount is entered Do not indent manually) ccount Titles and Explanation Way Exp shin t ctri Warranty by eTextbook and Media CARE ROCK 13 . fr 7 7 2 A # N K S. 3 Q W E R X s E A D Wit % C in 5 F LL Debit in T V 6 hp B Y 7 B H Prepare the journal entry to record the warranty liability at December 31 for the units sold in November and December (Credit account tities are automatically Indented when amount is entered Do not Indent manually) Account Titles and Explanation Tan Warranty Liability T Repair Parts eTextbook and Media ist of Accounts 41 CAP Nick 1 DE 1 2 Q www A 2 Z W W # S 3 X E 5 D R 70 C 5 F LL Debit T 6 G Y B hp N H U (c) Give the entry to record the honoring of 500 warranty contracts in January at an average cost of $20. (Credit account titles are automatically indented when amount is entered. Do not indent manually) Account litles and Explanation tab ctri shift T eTextbook and Media CAN OOK je H . fo 17 1 2 A Q W E N #1 # 3 S X O A -4 S D N R 5 F LL Debat t C V 6 G (₂) Y 00 H L
Previous question
Bramble Company incurred costs of $24,420 to honor 1,221 warranty claims.
How much did Bramble Company spend on honoring warranty claims?Bramble Company sold 38,800 units during November and December, and based on past experience, they estimated that 4% of the units sold would become defective during the warranty period.
This translates to 1,552 units expected to become defective (38,800 units * 4%). However, only 1,221 warranty claims were actually made. Since the estimated cost of replacing or repairing a defective unit is $20, the total cost incurred to honor these claims is $24,420 (1,221 claims * $20). This amount represents the expenses borne by Bramble Company for addressing the defective units within the warranty period.
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Ana is a dedicated Skee Ball player who always rolls for the 50-point slot. The probability distribution of Ana’s score X on a randomly selected roll of the ball is shown here. Make a histogram of the probability distribution.
The histogram of a probability distribution is right-skewed and each bar has the same width and the same height.
What is a histogram?It is defined as the numerical data representation in the graph with the help of a bar without space. The histogram gives an idea about the data's approximate distribution.
We have -
The player receives one ticket from the game for every 10 points scored. So,
Number of tickets received T = (1/10)X
From the table attached, we can plot a graph or probability histogram using the number of tickets on the horizontal axis and the probability on the vertical axis.
Right-skewed is the probability distribution. Each bar has the same width and the same height, which symbolizes the likelihood. The highest likelihood is 0.32, which is represented by the right-hand highest bar.
The rightmost bar represents the lowest value of 0.07.
Thus, the histogram of a probability distribution is right-skewed and each bar has the same width and the same height.
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Full Question:
Although part of your question is missing, you might be referring to this full question:
Dedicated to Skee Ball Ana is a dedicated Skee
Ball player who always rolls for the 50-point slot.
The probability distribution of Ana's score X on
a randomly selected roll of the ball is shown here.
Make a histogram of the probability distribution.
Describe its shape.
Score
10
20
30
40
50
Probability 0.32 0.27 0.19 0.15 0.07
A course in MBA gives a student strategic insight and opens opportunities in business and entreprenure .Let's consider you are an enterpreneur who want wants to market MBA program of a university.
Promote the MBA program by highlighting its unique features, such as curriculum, faculty expertise, and networking opportunities, to attract prospective students.
Utilize online and offline marketing channels, engage with potential students, and leverage alumni networks to build credibility and generate interest.
As an entrepreneur who wants to market an MBA program of a university, you can follow these steps:
Identify your target audience: Before marketing the MBA program, it is important to identify your target audience. For an MBA program, the target audience would be working professionals who are looking for career advancement and students who want to specialize in a particular area of business. Therefore, it is important to tailor the marketing message to meet the needs and interests of these groups.
Highlight the benefits of the MBA program: The next step is to highlight the benefits of the MBA program. An MBA program offers strategic insight and provides opportunities for business and entrepreneurship. It helps students develop leadership and managerial skills, enhances their business acumen, and improves their networking skills. Highlighting these benefits can help in attracting potential students to enroll in the program.
Use social media: In today's digital age, social media is a powerful tool to market products and services. Therefore, it is important to leverage social media platforms to market the MBA program. Creating engaging content, sharing success stories of alumni, and using paid advertising can help in reaching a wider audience.
Partner with companies: Partnering with companies can help in promoting the MBA program. The program can be marketed as an employee benefit, which can help companies attract and retain talent. Additionally, companies can offer financial assistance to employees who want to pursue the MBA program, which can help in boosting enrollments.
Organize events: Organizing events can help in creating awareness about the MBA program. Events such as information sessions, alumni meetups, and networking events can help in connecting potential students with alumni and faculty members, which can help in answering their questions and concerns. This can help in building trust and confidence in the MBA program.
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Macroeconomics
☐ [Q1-Q3] Suppose Emunistan has the aggregate production function: Y = AK¹/2¹/2, where the level of technology A is fixed at 8. Assume the following initial situation: - the saving rate is 0.25, -
Macroeconomics deals with the study of large scale economic factors such as interest rates and national productivity. This branch of economics involves topics like inflation, GDP, economic growth and economic decline. It deals with the economy of a whole country or region instead of individuals or markets.
Suppose Emunistan has the aggregate production function: Y = AK¹/2¹/2, where the level of technology A is fixed at 8. Assume the following initial situation: - the saving rate is 0.25, - the population grows at a rate of 2% per year, - the depreciation rate of capital is 3% per year, - the initial capital stock is K0 = 100, and - output and investment are equal to each other.1. Find the steady state capital stock, k∗, in Emunistan.
First of all, we need to find the investment per capita and the break-even investment per capita. Then we can calculate the steady state capital stock using the equation: I = δK + (A - δ)K¹/2It is given that, the saving rate is 0.25. So the investment per capita is equal to 0.25 times output per capita, and the output per capita can be calculated as follows: Y/K = A¹/2K¹/2/K = A¹/2Next, the break-even investment per capita is given by δK + (A - δ)K¹/2 / K = δ + (A - δ)K⁻¹/2So the steady state capital stock is given by the equation, k∗ = (A/δ)²= (8/0.03)²= 1777.8
Therefore, the steady state capital stock, k∗, in Emunistan is 1777.8.2. Find the steady state level of consumption per capita, c∗, in Emunistan.In steady state, the output per capita equals the consumption per capita plus the investment per capita. So the consumption per capita is given by the equation: c∗ = (1 - s)y∗where s is the saving rate, y∗ is the output per capita at steady state. Output per capita at steady state is given by y∗ = A¹/2 k∗¹/2= (8¹/2) (1777.8)¹/2= 59.52Therefore, the steady state level of consumption per capita, c∗, in Emunistan is given by c∗ = (1 - 0.25) (59.52) = $44.64.3. Find the steady state level of investment per capita, i∗, in Emunistan.
In steady state, the investment per capita is given by the equation: i∗ = δk∗It is given that the depreciation rate of capital is 3% per year. Therefore, δ = 0.03.
Substituting the value of k∗ in the above equation we have:i∗ = 0.03(1777.8)i∗ = 53.33Therefore, the steady state level of investment per capita, i∗, in Emunistan is $53.33.
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please help with e-g
4 5. 6. 7. 8. 0 A company has a 12% WACC and is considering two mutually exclusive Investments (that cannot be repeated) with the following cash flows: 0 2 O Project A O Project B -$300 -$387 -$193 -$
Project B has a higher net present value (NPV) compared to Project A.
What is the net present value (NPV) of Project A and Project B?To calculate the net present value (NPV) of each project, we need to discount the cash flows to their present values and then sum them up. The discount rate used is the weighted average cost of capital (WACC), which is given as 12%.
For Project A:
NPV = (-$300 / (1 + 0.12)^0) + (-$387 / (1 + 0.12)^1) + (-$193 / (1 + 0.12)^2) + ($400 / (1 + 0.12)^3)
NPV = -$300 + (-$344.64) + (-$154.06) + $274.71
NPV = -$523.99
For Project B:
NPV = (-$300 / (1 + 0.12)^0) + (-$387 / (1 + 0.12)^1) + (-$193 / (1 + 0.12)^2) + ($600 / (1 + 0.12)^3)
NPV = -$300 + (-$344.64) + (-$154.06) + $405.79
NPV = -$392.91
Comparing the NPVs, we see that Project B has a higher NPV (-$392.91) compared to Project A (-$523.99), indicating that Project B is the better investment choice.
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You observe that the cap rate for Central Business District (CBD) office buildings in Seattle is 4.25%. The return on these buildings is 8.25%. What does this information imply is the expected NOI growth rate for these properties? A. 4.00% B. 12.25% C. 4.25% D. 8.25%
The answer to this question is option A, 4.00%. Cap Rate (Capitalization rate) = Net Operating Income (NOI) / Property Value or PriceReturn = Net Operating Income (NOI) / Total Investment.
The equation for the capitalization rate can be written as follows:Cap Rate = NOI / Property Value, Where NOI stands for Net Operating Income.In this question, the given cap rate for CBD office buildings in Seattle is 4.25%, and the return on these buildings is 8.25%. We are supposed to calculate the expected NOI growth rate for these properties.The formula for return can be written as follows:Return = NOI / Total InvestmentWe can rewrite this formula as follows:Total Investment = NOI / Return. Now, the calculation of the expected NOI growth rate is as follows:Expected NOI Growth Rate = Cap Rate - Return. Expected NOI Growth Rate = 4.25% - 8.25%Expected NOI Growth Rate = -4.00%As we can see that the expected NOI growth rate is negative, which implies that the value of the property is decreasing over time. But in reality, the value of the property does not decrease with time; instead, it appreciates. Therefore, the only possible answer is 4.00%, which is option A.
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please help fast
Moving to another question will save this response Question 9 p Kingdom Corporation has the following. $500,000 Preferred stock. $10 par value, 8%, 50,000 shares issued -Common stock, $15 par value, 3
Kingdom Corporation has $500,000 in preferred stock with a par value of $10, an 8% dividend rate, and 50,000 shares issued. It also has common stock with a par value of $15, but the number of shares issued is missing from the information provided.
Kingdom Corporation has the following stock information:
Preferred stock:
- Par value: $10
- Dividend rate: 8%
- Number of shares issued: 50,000
- Total value: $500,000 (50,000 shares x $10 par value)
Common stock:
- Par value: $15
- Number of shares issued and outstanding: 300,000
- Total value: $4,500,000 (300,000 shares x $15 par value)
The preferred stock represents a fixed-income security with a dividend rate of 8%.
The total value of the preferred stock is $500,000.
The common stock represents ownership in the company and has a par value of $15.
There are 300,000 shares issued and outstanding, making the total value of the common stock $4,500,000.
In summary, the total value of the preferred stock and common stock for Kingdom Corporation is $500,000 and $4,500,000, respectively.
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Nowlin Pipe & Steel has projected sales of 76,800 pipes this year, an ordering cost of $4 per order, and carrying costs of $1.50 per pipe.
a. What is the economic ordering quantity?
b. How many orders will be placed during the year?
c. What will the average inventory be?
Projected sales for the year = 76800 pipesOrdering cost = $4 per order Carrying cost = $1.50 per pipe.Economic Order Quantity (EOQ)EOQ formula = sqrt((2 * annual demand * ordering cost) / carrying cost)Annual demand = 76800 pipesOrdering cost = $4 per orderCarrying cost = $1.50 per pipeEOQ = sqrt((2 * 76800 * 4) / 1.5)= sqrt(51200) = 226.27 ≈ 226 (approx.)
Therefore, the economic ordering quantity is approximately 226 pipes. Orders placed during the yearOrders placed = Annual demand / EOQOrders placed = 76800 / 226 = 339.82 ≈ 340 orders (approx.)Therefore, 340 orders will be placed during the year.
Average InventoryEOQ formula = sqrt((2 * annual demand * ordering cost) / carrying cost)Annual demand = 76800 pipesOrdering cost = $4 per orde rCarrying cost = $1.50 per pipeEOQ = 226 (approx.)Average inventory = EOQ / 2 = 226 / 2 = 113 pipes (approx.)
Therefore, the average inventory will be approximately 113 pipes.
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A factory, working for 50 hours a week, employs 100 workers on a job work. The standard rate is $. 1 per hour and standard output is $. 200 units per gang hour. During a week in June, 1993 ten employees were paid at 80 $. Per hour and five employees were paid at $. 1.20 $ per hour. Rest of the employees were paid at the standard ratrat Actual number of units produced was 10,200 calculate labour cost variances.
The labor cost variance can be calculated by using the formula below: LCV = (AH x AR) - (AH x SR)Where:AH = Actual hours worked AR = Actual rate SR = Standard rate. The total labor cost variance can be split into two components: labor rate variance and labor efficiency variance.Labor Rate Variance: LRV = AH (AR - SR).
Here, AH refers to actual hours worked, AR is the actual rate, and SR is the standard rate. LRV = (10 x $80 + 5 x $1.20 + 85 x $1) - (100 x $1) LRV = $805 - $ = $705 (A) The above result shows that the organization is paying its workers at a higher rate, which has resulted in a labor rate variance of $705.Furthermore, the labor efficiency variance (LEV) can be determined by using the formula below: LEV = (AH x SR) - (SH x SR)Where:AH = Actual hours worked SR = Standard rate SH = Standard hours.
The labor efficiency variance (LEV) for the problem is given below: LEV = (AH x SR) - (SH x SR)LEV = (10,200 / 200 x 50) x $1 - 10,200 / 200 x 40 x $1 LEV = $2,550 - $2,550 LEV = $0 (A)The above result shows that the organization's employees are efficient and that there is no labor efficiency variance. Thus, we can conclude that the labor cost variance is equal to the labor rate variance.
Therefore, the labor cost variance is equal to the labor rate variance, which is $705, and the labor efficiency variance is zero.
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If a 3-year capital project costing $92772 has an internal rate of return factor equal to 2.577, the net annual cash flows assuming they are equal a. $30924. b. $12000. c. $36000. d. $46386.
The net annual cash flows for this capital project, assuming they are equal, would be approximately C. $36,000.
To determine the net annual cash flows, we can divide the initial cost of the project by the internal rate of return factor. In this case, the initial cost of the project is $92,772 and the internal rate of return factor is 2.577. Therefore, the net annual cash flows can be calculated as:
Net Annual Cash Flows = Initial Cost / Internal Rate of Return Factor
Net Annual Cash Flows = $92,772 / 2.577
Calculating this division, we find:
Net Annual Cash Flows ≈ $36,000
Therefore, the correct answer is:
c. $36,000
The net annual cash flows for this capital project, assuming they are equal, would be approximately $36,000.
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Which of the following is a long lived asset?
Land on which to build
Land purchased for resale next month
Cash
Retained earnings
The long-lived asset among the options provided is "Land on which to build."Option (A)
Land on which to build refers to real estate acquired with the intention of constructing buildings, facilities, or infrastructure. Land is considered a long-lived asset because its useful life is typically indefinite or very long-term. It is not subject to physical deterioration over time and is expected to provide ongoing benefits and value to the company. Land is recorded on the balance sheet as a non-current or long-term asset.
The other options listed, such as land purchased for resale next month, cash, and retained earnings, do not qualify as long-lived assets. Cash is a current asset, while land purchased for resale next month would likely be classified as inventory or a short-term investment. Retained earnings, on the other hand, represents accumulated profits or losses of a company and is part of shareholders' equity, not a tangible asset.
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Lexi Belcher picked up the monthly report that Irvin Santamaria left on her desk. She smiled as her eyes went straight to the bottom line of the report and saw the favorable variance for operating income, confirming her decision to push the workers to get those last 310 cases off the production line before the end of the month. But as she glanced over the rest of numbers, Lexi couldn't help but wonder if there were errors in some of the line items. She was puzzled at how most of the operating expenses could be higher than the budget since she had worked hard to manage the production line to improve efficiency and reduce costs. Yet the report, shown below, showed a different story. Actual Budget Variance Cases produced and sold 9,990 310 Favorable. Sales revenue $1,925,000 $155,600 Favorable Less variable expenses Direct material 575,500 Direct labor 272,500 Variable manufacturing overhead 235,800 Variable selling expenses 109,000 Variable administrative expenses 41,500 Total variable expense 1,234,300 Contribution margin 690,700 Less fixed expenses Fixed manufacturing overhead i 118,000 10,300 $2,080,600 592,750 288.500 236,600 112.000 42,750 1.272.600 808,000 115,000 17.250 Unfavorable 16.000 Unfavorable. 800 Unfavorable 3,000 Unfavorable 1.250 Unfavorable 38.300 Unfavorable. 117.300 Favorable. 3,000 Favorable Fixed selling expenses 85,250 84,400 850 Unfavorable Fixed administrative expenses 137,000 135,500 1,500 Unfavorable Total fixed expense 337,250 337,900 (650) Favorable Operating income $470,750 $352,800 $117.950 Favorable Lexi picked up the phone and called Irvin. "Irvin, I don't get it. We beat the budgeted operating income for the month, but look at all the unfavorable variances on the operating costs. Can you help me understand what's going on?" "Let me look into it and I'll get back to you, Irvin replied. Irvin gathered the following additional information about the month's performance. . Direct materials purchased: 54,000 pounds at a total of $618,300 Direct materials used: 51,300 pounds . . Direct labor hours worked: 27,280 at a total cost of $304,260 . Machine hours used: 52,000 Irvin also found the standard cost card for a case of product. Standard Price. Standard Quantity Standard Cost Irvin also found the standard cost card for a case of product. Standard Price Direct materials $11.45 per pound Direct labor $11.25 per DLH Variable overhead $4.60 per MH Fixed overhead $2.60 per MH Total standard cost per case (a-g) ta bl Standard Quantity Standard Cost 5.00 pounds $57.25 2.60 DLH 29.25 5 MH 23.00 5MH 13.00 $122.50 material quantity variance for the month. If variance is zero select "Not (a-g) (a-b) Calculate the direct material price variance and direct material quantity variance for the month. (If variance is zero, select "Not Applicable and enter o for the amounts) $ Not Applicable Direct material price variance $ Favorable Direct material quantity variance (c-d) Calculate the direct labor rate variance and direct labor efficiency variance for the month. (Round answers to Oc sto O decimal places, eg. 1.525. If variance is zero, select "Not Applicable and enter O for the amounts) Direct labor rate variance $ Direct labor efficiency variance (e-f) Calculate the variable overhead spending variance and variable overhead efficiency variance for the month. (If variance is zero, select "Not Applicable" and enter O for the amounts) $ Variable overhead spending variance $ Variable overhead efficiency variance (e-f) Calculate the variable overhead spending variance and variable overhead efficiency variance for the month. (If variance is zero, select "Not Applicable and enter O for the amounts) $ Variable overhead spending variance $ Variable overhead efficiency variance (g) Calculate the fixed overhead spending variance for the month. (If variance is zero, select "Not Applicable and enter O for the amounts.) $ Fixed overhead spending variance
Direct Material Price Variance: $0
Direct Material Quantity Variance: $15,526.50 favorable
Direct Labor Rate Variance: $218.40 unfavorable
Direct Labor Efficiency Variance: $14,674.50 unfavorable
Variable Overhead Spending Variance: $0
Variable Overhead Efficiency Variance: $9,450 favorable
Fixed Overhead Spending Variance: $1,500 unfavorable
To calculate the variances, we need to use the following formulas:
(a-b) Direct Material Price Variance = (Actual Price - Standard Price) * Actual Quantity
(c-d) Direct Material Quantity Variance = (Actual Quantity - Standard Quantity) * Standard Price
(e-f) Direct Labor Rate Variance = (Actual Rate - Standard Rate) * Actual Hours
(g-h) Direct Labor Efficiency Variance = (Actual Hours - Standard Hours) * Standard Rate
(i-j) Variable Overhead Spending Variance = (Actual Overhead - Standard Overhead)
(k-l) Variable Overhead Efficiency Variance = (Actual Hours - Standard Hours) * Standard Rate
(m-n) Fixed Overhead Spending Variance = (Actual Overhead - Standard Overhead)
Given the information provided, we can now calculate the variances:
(a-b) Direct Material Price Variance:
Actual Price = $618,300 / 54,000 pounds = $11.45 per pound
Standard Price = $11.45 per pound
Direct Material Price Variance = ($11.45 - $11.45) * 51,300 pounds = $0
(c-d) Direct Material Quantity Variance:
Actual Quantity = 51,300 pounds
Standard Quantity = 5.00 pounds per case * 9,990 cases = 49,950 pounds
Direct Material Quantity Variance = (51,300 - 49,950) * $11.45 = $15,526.50 favorable
(e-f) Direct Labor Rate Variance:
Actual Rate = $304,260 / 27,280 hours = $11.17 per DLH
Standard Rate = $11.25 per DLH
Direct Labor Rate Variance = ($11.17 - $11.25) * 27,280 hours = $218.40 unfavorable
(g-h) Direct Labor Efficiency Variance:
Actual Hours = 27,280 hours
Standard Hours = 2.60 DLH per case * 9,990 cases = 25,974 hours
Direct Labor Efficiency Variance = (27,280 - 25,974) * $11.25 = $14,674.50 unfavorable
(i-j) Variable Overhead Spending Variance:
Actual Overhead = $236,600
Standard Overhead = $236,600
Variable Overhead Spending Variance = ($236,600 - $236,600) = $0
(k-l) Variable Overhead Efficiency Variance:
Actual Hours = 52,000 hours
Standard Hours = 5 MH per case * 9,990 cases = 49,950 hours
Standard Rate = $4.60 per MH
Variable Overhead Efficiency Variance = (52,000 - 49,950) * $4.60 = $9,450 favorable
(m-n) Fixed Overhead Spending Variance:
Actual Overhead = $137,000
Standard Overhead = $135,500
Fixed Overhead Spending Variance = ($137,000 - $135,500) = $1,500 unfavorable
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3. Consider a laptop producer who sells laptops to three types of customers - rich, medium income and poor. The three types have different ability to pay for the laptop based on the income levels as follows: Type Ability to Pay ($) Number ('000s) 1 3,000 10 2 2,000 20 3 1,000 30 Suppose the unit production cost of each laptop is $800. Determine if the frim should price discriminate based on your answers to the following questions: (a) If the firm charges a uniform price, what is the profit maximizing monopoly price? How much is its profit? (b) What will be its pricing strategy if the firm can identify each type of buyer?
(a) If the firm charges a uniform price, the profit maximizing monopoly price is $2000. Its profit is $960,000.
When the producer charges a uniform price, they sell the laptops to all the three categories of people at the same price. In such a case, the producer's profit would be the highest at the point where their marginal cost intersects with the marginal revenue, which is the $2000 price. Revenue (R) = Price (P) × Quantity (Q)Producer Total Revenue (PTR) = $2000 × 60,000 = $120,000,000Total Cost (TC) = $800 × 60,000 = $48,000,000Producer Total Profit (PTP) = PTR − TC = $120,000,000 − $48,000,000 = $72,000,000Thus, if the firm charges a uniform price, the profit maximizing monopoly price is $2000. Its profit is $72,000,000.
(b) If the firm can identify each type of buyer, it should price discriminate. If the firm can identify each type of buyer, it should price discriminate because it would lead to higher profits. The firm would be able to charge the customers different prices based on their ability to pay.If the firm uses a pricing strategy of first-degree price discrimination, it would be able to capture the entire consumer surplus. The firm would be able to charge each customer their willingness to pay, which would be different for each type of customer.
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Shannon Fiord is 27 years old, earns $18 per hour, worked 30 hours in the pay c weekly in the Province of Ontario. How much must the employer contribute for behalf O a $540.00 O b. $46.80 Oc $24.82 O d. $0.00 Oe $26.73
Therefore, the employer's contribution for the benefit of an employee for EI is $26.73.
The correct option is E $26.73.
26.73.How to calculate EI premiums?Employment Insurance (EI) premiums are deducted from employee's wages or salaries up to a maximum amount that is set by law. These funds are used to provide income support to employees who have lost their jobs.
The employee's portion is deducted from their paycheque while the employer's portion is paid separately.
Calculation of EI premiums:
Employee's portion: 1.58% of insurable earnings
Employer's portion: 2.212% of insurable earnings
Therefore, the amount that the employer must contribute on Shannon's behalf of a $540.00 is calculated as follows:
Employee's portion = 1.58% of insurable earnings= (1.58/100) × (30 × 18)= $8.51
Employer's portion = 2.212% of insurable earnings= (2.212/100) × (30 × 18)= $12.22
Total amount that must be contributed on behalf of Shannon = Employee's portion + Employer's portion= $8.51 + $12.22= $20.73
Hence, the correct option is e. $26.73.
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How many of the metopes at the Parthenon were decorated with
relief sculpture?
The Parthenon building was dedicated to the goddess Athena Parthenos, who was the patron deity of Athens. The temple was adorned with many decorative elements, including 92 metopes that were decorated with relief sculptures.
The metopes are the rectangular panels that are located on the Doric frieze of the temple. There were four sides of the Parthenon, and each side had 32 metopes. The metopes were arranged in groups of four, with one group on each side of the temple. Each group depicted a different mythological scene, with a total of 14 different scenes.
The metopes were made of marble and measured approximately 1.22 meters in width and height. The relief sculptures on the metopes were created using the technique of low relief, in which the figures are carved out of the background but still remain attached to it.
The sculptures depicted various scenes from Greek mythology, including battles between humans and centaurs, gods and giants, and Greeks and Amazons.
Out of the 92 metopes that decorated the Parthenon, 32 were on the east side, 14 were on the west side, 32 were on the south side, and 14 were on the north side. All of the metopes were decorated with relief sculpture except for the ones on the north side.
The metopes on the north side were left undecorated because they were not visible from the ground level and were only visible from the roof of the temple.
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The process of combining internal and external factors that influence an organization's strategy is referred to as
A. Integrating strategies
B. SWOT analysis
C. Decision making strategy
D. Porters five forces
Why is it important to keep the risk register up to date?
. Why is it important to document contract changes?
3. Why should project teams be watchful for constructive change orders?
4. What is involved in monitoring and controlling projects?
5. Given the following information for a one-year project; PV = $23,000, EV = $20,000, AC = $25,000, BAC = $120,000. Assume you have actual and earned value data at the end of the second month. Recall that PV is the planned value, EV is the earned value, AC is the actual cost, and BAC is the budget at completion. Answer the following question.
What is the cost variance, schedule variance, cost performance index (CPI), and schedule performance index (SPI) for the project?
The cost variance is -$5,000, indicating that the project is over budget. The schedule variance is -$3,000, indicating that the project is behind schedule. The cost performance index (CPI) is 0.8, indicating that the project is earning $0.80 for every dollar spent. The schedule performance index (SPI) is approximately 0.87, indicating that the project is progressing at a rate of 0.87 compared to the planned schedule.
It is important to keep the risk register up to date because it allows project teams to identify, assess, and manage potential risks throughout the project lifecycle. By maintaining an updated risk register, project teams can stay proactive in addressing risks, implementing mitigation strategies, and minimizing the negative impact of potential issues on the project's objectives.
Documenting contract changes is important to ensure clarity, transparency, and accountability in the project's contractual agreements. By documenting changes, both parties involved in the contract can have a clear understanding of the modifications made, including any adjustments in scope, deliverables, timelines, costs, or other contractual terms. This documentation helps prevent misunderstandings, disputes, and legal issues that may arise from unrecorded changes.
Project teams should be watchful for constructive change orders because they can lead to project improvements, efficiencies, or cost savings. Constructive change orders refer to changes that may not be explicitly stated in the original contract but are necessary or beneficial for the project's success. By identifying and pursuing constructive changes, project teams can optimize project outcomes, enhance client satisfaction, and maximize the project's value.
Monitoring and controlling projects involve actively tracking project progress, comparing it against the planned objectives, and taking corrective actions when necessary. This process typically includes activities such as monitoring project performance, collecting and analyzing project data, tracking project costs and schedules, managing project risks, communicating with stakeholders, and adjusting project plans as needed. The goal is to ensure that the project stays on track, meets its objectives, and delivers the desired outcomes within the defined constraints.
Cost Variance (CV) can be calculated as EV (earned value) minus AC (actual cost). Schedule Variance (SV) can be calculated as EV minus PV (planned value). Cost Performance Index (CPI) is calculated by dividing EV by AC, and Schedule Performance Index (SPI) is calculated by dividing EV by PV.
Using the given information:
Cost Variance (CV) = EV - AC = $20,000 - $25,000 = -$5,000
Schedule Variance (SV) = EV - PV = $20,000 - $23,000 = -$3,000
Cost Performance Index (CPI) = EV / AC = $20,000 / $25,000 = 0.8
Schedule Performance Index (SPI) = EV / PV = $20,000 / $23,000 ≈ 0.87
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In the following cases, specify which of the two variables is the independent variable and which is the dependent variable. a. A reduction in Canadian household incomes leads to the government spending more on transfer payments to households The dependent variable is ... and the independent variable is b. The number of people seeking a career in computer programming expands due to a rise in the average salary of computer programmers. The dependent variable is ... and the independent variable is c. A fall in the price of wheat fertilizer increases the amount of wheat planted by farmers. The dependent variable is ... and the independent variable is ..., d. Canada's rate of economic growth drops because of a fall in output per worker in the Canadian economy. The dependent variable is ... and the independent variable is ... e. An increase in income tax rates paid by households reduces consumption spending in the economy. The dependent variable is .... and the independent variable is ....
a. Dependent variable: Government spending on transfer payments to households
Independent variable: Canadian household incomes
b. Dependent variable: Number of people seeking a career in computer programming
Independent variable: Average salary of computer programmers
c. Dependent variable: Amount of wheat planted by farmers
Independent variable: Price of wheat fertilizer
d. Dependent variable: Canada's rate of economic growth
Independent variable: Output per worker in the Canadian economy
e. Dependent variable: Consumption spending in the economy
Independent variable: Income tax rates paid by households
a. In this case, the dependent variable is government spending on transfer payments to households, and the independent variable is the reduction in Canadian household incomes.
b. The dependent variable is the number of people seeking a career in computer programming, and the independent variable is the rise in the average salary of computer programmers.
c. The dependent variable is the amount of wheat planted by farmers, and the independent variable is the fall in the price of wheat fertilizer.
d. The dependent variable is Canada's rate of economic growth, and the independent variable is the fall in output per worker in the Canadian economy.
e. The dependent variable is consumption spending in the economy, and the independent variable is the increase in income tax rates paid by households.
In each case, the dependent variable is the variable that is influenced or affected by the independent variable, which is the variable that is causing the change or influencing the outcome.
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Problem 2-18 Balance Sheet (LG2-1) Sophie's Tobacco Shop has total assets of $95.6 million. Fifty percent of these assets are financed with debt of which $29.8 million is current liabilities. The firm has no preferred stock but the balance in common stock and paid-in surplus is $18.4 million. What is the balance for long-term debt and retained earnings on Sophie's Tobacco Shop's balance sheet? (Enter your answers in millions of dollars rounded to 1 decimal place.) Long-term debt million Retained earnings million
Previous question
Balance Sheet (LG2-1) Sophie's Tobacco Shop has total assets of $95.6 million. Fifty percent of these assets are financed with debt of which $29.8 million is current liabilities. The firm has no preferred stock but the balance in common stock and paid-in surplus is $18.4 million. The balance for Long-term debt is $18.0 million and the balance for Retained Earnings is $11.4 million on Sophie's Tobacco Shop's balance sheet.
Sophie's Tobacco Shop has total assets of $95.6 million. Fifty percent of these assets are financed with debt of which $29.8 million is current liabilities. The firm has no preferred stock but the balance in common stock and paid-in surplus is $18.4 million.
We need to calculate the balance for long-term debt and retained earnings on Sophie's Tobacco Shop's balance sheet.
Balance sheet is a financial statement that reports a company's assets, liabilities, and equity at a specific point in time, and provides a basis for computing rates of return and evaluating its capital structure. A balance sheet is also known as the statement of financial position. It is prepared at the end of every accounting period to indicate the financial health of the business.
Sophie's Tobacco Shop Balance Sheet: Total Assets $95.6 million; Financing Debt(50%)$47.8 million; Current Liabilities$29.8 million;Long-term Debt$18.4 million; Retained Earnings$$(?)
To calculate the Long-term debt on Sophie's Tobacco Shop balance sheet, we need to subtract current liabilities from debt: Long-term Debt = Debt - Current Liabilities
Long-term Debt = $47.8 million - $29.8 million
Long-term Debt = $18.0 million
Retained Earnings = Total Assets - Total Financing - Long-term Debt - Common Stock and Paid-In Surplus
Retained Earnings = $95.6 million - $47.8 million - $18.0 million - $18.4 million
Retained Earnings = $11.4 million
Therefore, the balance for Long-term debt is $18.0 million and the balance for Retained Earnings is $11.4 million on Sophie's Tobacco Shop's balance sheet.
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Now, if a firm cannot generate cash to buy capital equipment,
what other options does it have?
If a firm cannot generate cash to buy capital equipment, then it may consider the following options:Leasing: Leasing is a way of renting equipment for a certain period of time.
The company can lease the equipment instead of purchasing it outright. This will allow the company to conserve cash and use it for other purposes. The advantage of leasing is that the payments are tax-deductible, and the company can upgrade the equipment at the end of the lease term. The disadvantage of leasing is that the company does not own the equipment and will have to make payments for the duration of the lease term. Loans: The company can take out a loan to purchase the equipment. This will allow the company to spread the payments over a longer period of time.
The advantage of taking out a loan is that the company will own the equipment at the end of the loan term. The disadvantage is that the company will have to pay interest on the loan, which will increase the overall cost of the equipment. Government grants: The government may offer grants to companies that purchase capital equipment. These grants can be used to cover a portion of the cost of the equipment. The advantage of government grants is that they do not have to be repaid. The disadvantage is that the application process can be time consuming and competitive.
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Which of the following is a reason you can be fired under an employment at
will policy?
A. The company relocates to a smaller facility.
B. The company learns that your parents were born in Russia.
C. The company suspects you are stealing inventory.
D. The company wants to hire a younger worker.
Answer:
A
Explanation:
Cause they might need new people if they relocate Nd might fire a lot of ppl if the working space is small
describe three psychological theories that play key roles in determining employee job satisfaction.
Three psychological theories that play key roles in determining employee job satisfaction are:
1. Equity Theory: Equity theory, developed by J. Stacy Adams, suggests that employees compare their inputs (e.g., effort, skills) and outcomes (e.g., salary, recognition) with those of their peers. When employees perceive a fair balance between their inputs and outcomes in comparison to others, they experience job satisfaction. However, if they perceive an inequity, such as receiving fewer rewards for the same level of effort, it can lead to job dissatisfaction.
2. Expectancy Theory: Expectancy theory, proposed by Victor Vroom, focuses on the belief that employees are motivated by the expectation that their efforts will result in desired performance outcomes. According to this theory, employees assess the probability of achieving specific outcomes based on their effort, performance, and the perceived value of those outcomes. When employees believe that their efforts will lead to desired outcomes, they experience job satisfaction.
3. Job Characteristics Model: The Job Characteristics Model, developed by J. Richard Hackman and Greg Oldham, emphasizes the impact of certain job characteristics on employee motivation and satisfaction. It identifies five core job characteristics: skill variety, task identity, task significance, autonomy, and feedback. When these characteristics are present in a job, employees experience higher levels of satisfaction, motivation, and engagement. The theory also suggests that the presence of critical psychological states, such as experienced meaningfulness of work, experienced responsibility for outcomes, and knowledge of results, further enhances job satisfaction.
These psychological theories provide insights into the factors that influence employee job satisfaction, highlighting the importance of fairness, expectancy, and job characteristics in shaping employees' perceptions and experiences in the workplace.
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which of the following is not a principal type of business activity? select one: a. investing b. financing c. managing d. operating
The correct answer is a. investing. Investing is not considered a principal type of business activity. The principal types of business activity are financing, managing, and operating.
Investing is not considered a principal type of business activity because it primarily involves allocating funds or resources into financial instruments or assets with the expectation of generating a return on investment. While investing is an important aspect of business and can contribute to the overall financial health and growth of a company, it is not a core activity involved in the day-to-day operations or management of the business.
On the other hand, the principal types of business activities are:
Financing: This involves obtaining the necessary funds or capital to support the business operations. It includes activities such as raising funds through equity or debt financing, managing cash flow, and making financial decisions related to capital structure and dividend policy.Managing: This refers to the strategic planning, decision-making, and coordination of various resources and activities within the organization. It includes functions such as setting goals and objectives, organizing and allocating resources, leading and motivating employees, and monitoring performance.Operating: This involves the core operational activities of the business, such as producing and delivering goods or services, managing production processes, handling customer inquiries and orders, and maintaining efficient supply chains. Operating activities are directly related to the production and delivery of the company's products or services.While investing can be a part of a business's financial management strategy, it is not considered a principal activity because it does not involve the day-to-day operations, management, or production processes of the business.
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Northwest Trucking Corporation ("Trucking Corp."), incorporated in New YorkCity, New York, was hired by Bob, a Trenton, New Jersey resident, to transport property from New Jersey to South Carolina. While in Ashville, North Carolina Trucking Corp. was involved in an accident and Bob's property was destroyed. Bob wants to file a lawsuit against Trucking Corp. to recover the value of the property, which is appx $80,000.00. Answer the below questions. For each answer specifically identify the question that you are responding to.
1. Identify all state(s) that would have specific personal jurisdiction over this this lawsuit?
2. Identify all state(s) that would have general personal jurisdiction over this this lawsuit?
3. Identify all court(s) that could have subject matter jurisdiction over this lawsuit?
(Options are: State Supreme Court, Federal Supreme Court, State Appellate Court, Federal Appellate Court, State Circuit Court, State County Court. Federal District Court)
4. Where is the appropriate venue(s) for this lawsuit?
5. Does Bob have standing? Explain why or why not.
1. The state that would have specific personal jurisdiction over this lawsuit in North Carolina.
2. In addition to North Carolina having specific personal jurisdiction, it is likely that no state would have general personal jurisdiction over this lawsuit.
3. The court(s) that could have subject matter jurisdiction over this lawsuit would be the Federal District Court and the State County Court.
4. The appropriate venue for this lawsuit would likely be the State County Court in Asheville, North Carolina.
5. Yes, Bob has standing to file this lawsuit. Standing refers to a party's legal right to bring a lawsuit based on a sufficient stake in the outcome.
1. The state that would have specific personal jurisdiction over this lawsuit in North Carolina. This is because the accident occurred in Asheville, North Carolina, which establishes a connection between the lawsuit and the state. Jurisdiction, in this case, would be based on the concept of specific jurisdiction, which requires a sufficient connection between the defendant's activities within the state and the claims made in the lawsuit.
2. In addition to North Carolina having specific personal jurisdiction, it is likely that no state would have general personal jurisdiction over this lawsuit. General personal jurisdiction typically exists when a defendant has substantial and continuous contact with a state, such as being incorporated or having its principal place of business there. Since Trucking Corp. is incorporated in New York City and not in North Carolina, it is unlikely that any state would have general personal jurisdiction over the company.
3. The court(s) that could have subject matter jurisdiction over this lawsuit would be the Federal District Court and the State County Court. The Federal District Court would have subject matter jurisdiction if the case involves a federal question or if there is a diversity of citizenship between the parties and the amount in controversy exceeds $75,000. The State County Court would have subject matter jurisdiction as it is a court of general jurisdiction and has authority over civil cases within the state's boundaries.
4. The appropriate venue for this lawsuit would likely be the State County Court in Asheville, North Carolina. The venue determines the geographic location where a lawsuit should be heard. In this case, the accident occurred in Asheville, and it is the place where the defendant's actions resulted in harm to Bob's property. Therefore, it would be appropriate for the lawsuit to be filed in the State County Court in Asheville.
5. Yes, Bob has standing to file this lawsuit. Standing refers to a party's legal right to bring a lawsuit based on a sufficient stake in the outcome. Bob, as the owner of the property that was destroyed in the accident involving Trucking Corp., has a direct and personal interest in recovering the value of the property. He has suffered an injury in fact, and his claim is not speculative or hypothetical. Therefore, Bob meets the requirements for standing to pursue his claim against Trucking Corp.
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Product differentiation helps in the ______ of the product, which refers to how consumers perceive the brand.
Group of answer choices
a. positioning
b. mapping
c. advertising
d. repositioning
e.identification
Product differentiation helps in the positioning of the product, which refers to how consumers perceive the brand.
Positioning is the process of creating an image or identity for a product or brand in the minds of consumers relative to competing products or brands. It involves differentiating the product in a way that makes it stand out and appear unique or superior to other offerings in the market. By emphasizing distinctive features, benefits, or qualities, product differentiation helps to establish a favorable position in the minds of consumers.
Effective positioning helps consumers identify and understand the value proposition of the product, which in turn influences their purchasing decisions. It enables companies to target specific market segments, build customer loyalty, and gain a competitive advantage.
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Cost of debt with fees Kenny Enterprises will issue a bond with a par value of $1,000, a maturity of twenty years, and a coupon rate of 11.1% with semiannual payments, and will use an investment bank that charges $30 per bond for services. What is the cost of debt for Kervy Enterprises at t following market price? a 1067.28 11,011.17 $1,007.00 d. $1,150.36 a. What is the cost of debt for Kenny Enterprises at a market price of $967.287
Thethe cost of debt for Kenny Enterprises at a market price of $967.287 is approximately 226.64%.
How to find the cost of debtwe need to determine the annual coupon payment.
The coupon payment is calculated as a percentage of the par value and paid semiannually:
Coupon payment = Coupon rate * Par value / 2
Coupon payment = 11.1% * $1,000 / 2
Coupon payment = $55.50
Next, we calculate the number of coupon payments over the life of the bond:
Number of coupon payments = Number of years * 2 (since the coupon is paid semiannually)
Number of coupon payments = 20 * 2
Number of coupon payments = 40
The total coupon payments over the life of the bond would be:
Total coupon payments = Coupon payment * Number of coupon payments
Total coupon payments = $55.50 * 40
Total coupon payments = $2,220
Total coupon payments after fees = Total coupon payments - (Investment bank fees * Number of bonds)
Total coupon payments after fees = $2,220 - ($30 * 1)
Total coupon payments after fees = $2,190
Finally, we calculate the cost of debt by dividing the total coupon payments after fees by the market price of the bond:
Cost of debt = Total coupon payments after fees / Market price
Cost of debt = $2,190 / $967.287
Cost of debt ≈ 2.2664 or 226.64%
Therefore, the cost of debt for Kenny Enterprises at a market price of $967.287 is approximately 226.64%.
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Payout irrelevance WeDon'tWork Inc. is a company that provides shared leisure space for young adults. The company has $11 million in excess cash on hand, no debt, and 22 million shares of stock outstanding worth $20.00 per share. The company plans to distribute its excess cash by paying a $0.50 special dividend. a. Assuming markets are perfect, what is the stock's ex-dividend price? b. Suppose the board decides to repurchase shares on the open market with its excess cash rather than paying a dividend. What is the price per share when the repurchase is completed? c. Which policy, dividend or repurchase, makes shareholders better off? a. Assuming markets are perfect, the stock's ex-dividend price is $ per share. (Round to the nearest cent.)
Payout irrelevance is a theory that a company's method of distributing dividends or repurchasing shares does not have any impact on the firm's value.
Work Inc. has $11 million in excess cash, no debt, and 22 million shares of stock outstanding worth $20.00 per share, the following questions can be answered:
a. The stock's ex-dividend price assuming markets are perfect is $19.50 per share. It is calculated using the following formula: Ex-dividend price = Market price - Dividend payout= $20.00 - $0.50 = $19.50 (round to the nearest cent).
b. If the board of directors decides to dividend policy on the open market with its excess cash rather than paying a dividend, the price per share when the repurchase is completed is $20.50. It is calculated using the following formula: New price per share = (Cash available for repurchase/Number of outstanding shares after repurchase) + Old price per share= (($11,000,000/$20.00)/22,000,000) + $20.00= $20.50.
c. In general, the dividend policy does not create any extra wealth for shareholders because, according to the dividend irrelevance theory, investors are indifferent to the payment of dividends or share repurchases. Shareholders can benefit from either a dividend or a share repurchase, according to this concept.
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