If We consider the string w = [tex]CA^pG^pT^pC[/tex], then L ∉ RLs by pumping lemma.
To prove that L ∉ RLs using the RL pumping theorem, we assume L is a regular language and apply the pumping lemma for RLs. Let p be the pumping length of L.
We consider the string w = [tex]CA^pG^pT^pC[/tex], where |w| ≥ p. According to the pumping lemma, we can decompose w into uvxyz such that |vxy| ≤ p, |vy| > 0, and for all k ≥ 0, the string [tex]u(v^k)x(y^k)z[/tex] is also in L.
However, by examining the structure of L, we see that the number of A's and G's is dependent on each other and must match the number of T's.
Since pumping up or down would alter this balance, there is no way to satisfy the condition for all k, leading to a contradiction. Therefore, L cannot be a regular language, and we conclude that L ∉ RLs.
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To cheracterize the relationship between the response variable y and i covariates of interest, the following multiple linear regression model is used to fit the observed data: y=X3+ hyl Ble, B₁-, Bc. where y denotes the nx 1 response vector, 3 represents the px 1 parameter vector consisting of p=k+1 regression coefficients Bo, 31, 32,k, and e denotes the nx 1 vector of error terms. Assume that the model matrix X is an n x p full-column-rank matrix, and the entries of the first column of X are all equal to 1. In addition, assume that the error terms are independent and identically distributed normal random variables, that is, €12N (0,0³). Letz, denote the ith column of X. Suppose that a, sa for every i, where a represents a positive constant. Show that Var and the equality would be attained if X¹X aI, where 8, represents the ith entry of the least square estimator 3.
Multiple linear regression model is used to fit the observed data, in order to characterize the relationship between the response variable y and i covariates of interest.
The following regression model is used:
[tex]y=Xβ+ ε[/tex]
where:y denotes the n × 1 response vector.
[tex]β[/tex]represents the [tex]p × 1[/tex]parameter vector consisting of [tex]p = k + 1[/tex] regression coefficients.
[tex]X[/tex]denotes the n × p model matrix.
[tex]ε[/tex] denotes the [tex]n × 1[/tex] vector of error terms.
The entries of the first column of X are all equal to 1.
The entries of other columns of X correspond to the i covariates of interest.
It is given that the model matrix X is an n × p full-column-rank matrix.
The least squares estimator of [tex]β[/tex] is given by:
[tex]β^ = (X'X)^-1X'y[/tex]
The error terms are assumed to be independent and identically distributed normal random variables.
The variance-covariance matrix of the least squares estimator is given by:
[tex]Var(β^) = σ^2(X'X)^-1[/tex]
It is given that all covariates have the same variance-covariance structure.
Hence,
[tex]σ^2 = σ0^2[/tex] for every i.
It is also given that a, σ0 for every i, where a represents a positive constant.
Hence,
[tex]σ^2 = σ0^2[/tex]
= [tex]a^2[/tex]
Show that Var and the equality would be attained if
[tex]X'X = a^2I[/tex],
where [tex]β^[/tex] represents the ith entry of the least square estimator [tex]β[/tex].
From the given data, the variance-covariance matrix of the least squares estimator is given by:
[tex]Var(β^) = σ^2(X'X)^-1[/tex]
[tex]= (a^2/n)(X'X)^-1[/tex]
It is given that all covariates have the same variance-covariance structure.
Hence,
[tex]σ^2 = σ0^2[/tex] for every i.
It is also given that a, σ0 for every i, where a represents a positive constant.
Hence,
[tex]σ^2 = σ0^2[/tex]
[tex]= a^23[/tex]
Hence,
[tex]Var(β^) = (a^2/n)(X'X)^-1[/tex]
Now, let the diagonal entries of (X'X) be d1, d2, ..., dp.
Hence,
(X'X) = [dij]
i=1,2,...,p;
X¹ = [0, 0, ..., 1, ..., 0]'
Let X¹ denote the ith column of X.
Hence, X¹ is given by:
[tex]X¹ = [0, 0, ..., 1, ..., 0]'[/tex]
where 1 is in the ith position.
Hence, the ith diagonal entry of X'X is given by:
[tex](X'X)ii = Σj(Xj¹)^2[/tex]
where the sum is over all i.
From the given data, the entries of the first column of X are all equal to 1.
Hence, [tex]X1¹ = [1, 1, ..., 1]'.[/tex]
Hence, [tex](X'X)ij = nai[/tex] and
[tex](X'X)ij = nai[/tex] for [tex]i ≠ j.[/tex]
Hence,[tex](X'X) = a^2I + n11'[/tex]
The inverse of (X'X) is given by:
[tex](X'X)^-1 = (1/n)(I - (1/n)a^-2(1 1'))[/tex]
Hence,
[tex]Var(β^) = (a^2/n)(X'X)^-1[/tex]
=[tex]a^2[(1/n)(I - (1/n)a^-2(1 1'))][/tex]
The variance of the ith entry of the least square estimator is given by:
[tex]Var(β^i) = ai^2[(1/n)(I - (1/n)a^-2(1 1'))]ii[/tex]
Hence,
[tex]Var(β^i)[/tex]= [tex]ai^2[(1/n)(1 - (1/n)a^-2)][/tex]
= [tex]a^2/n[/tex]
Therefore, the variance of the ith entry of the least square estimator is given by:
[tex]Var(β^i) = a^2/n[/tex]
The equality would be attained if
[tex]X'X = a^2I,[/tex]
where β^i represents the ith entry of the least square estimator β^. Therefore, the required result has been obtained.
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Define two binary operations + and on the set Z of integers by x + y = max(x, y) and x - y = min(x, y). a. Show that the commutative, associative, and distributive properties of a Boolean algebra hold for these two operations on Z. b. Show that no matter what element of Z is chosen to be the property x + 0 = x of a Boolean alge- bra fails to hold?
The given binary operations are defined as below:
For the integers x and y, the binary operations are defined as: x + y = max (x, y) and x – y = min (x, y)
a) Commutative Property: The commutative property holds for both binary operations, + and – , because: For any x, y ∈ Z,x + y = y + x and x – y = -(y – x)Therefore, both + and – are commutative.
Associative Property: Associativity can also be shown for both binary operations, + and –, as follows: For any x, y and z ∈ Z,x + (y + z) = max (x, max(y, z)) = max (max(x, y), z) = (x + y) + z(x – y) – z = min (x, min (y, z)) = min (min(x, y), z) = (x – y) – z
Therefore, both + and – are associative.
Distributive Property: The distributive property can be shown for these binary operations, + and –, as follows: For any x, y, and z ∈ Z,x + (y – z) = max (x, min (y, z)) = min (max(x, y), max(x, z)) = (x + y) – (x + z)Therefore, both + and – are distributive.
b) For the given operations, the element that violates the property x + 0 = x is:0If x = 2, then x + 0 = max (2, 0) = 2If x = 0, then x + 0 = max (0, 0) = 0So, the property x + 0 = x holds for all integers except for 0.
For this particular element, the value of x + 0 is always 0.
Therefore, the given property fails to hold.
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PLEASE HELP WILL MARK BRAINLY
.In the zombie apocalypse, the ratio of children to adults was 3 to 4. The ratio
of adults to zombies was 4 to 5. If there were 200 zombies, then how many
children were there?
2. (4^5)(4^−7) = 4^?
3. . What is the circumference and area of the circle? Use 22/7
for π. Radius=42cm
Step-by-step explanation:
diameter is 84 thereare 2 time 42 .84.
follow me nice study bye .
What is the MAXIMUM amount of a lien that can be claimed by a subcontractor who notifies the lien agent for a two-family residential property on August 1 that the subcontractor first provided labor and materials on the project on May 1? The subcontractor billed the general contractor for $4,000 per month, through September 30, and was never paid.
The maximum amount of a lien that can be claimed by a subcontractor in thisscenario would be $16,000.
Why is this so ?Since the subcontractor first provided labor and materials on May 1 and continued billing the general contractor until September 30 at a rate of $4,000 per month,the total unpaid amount would be $16,000.
This unpaid amount represents the maximum lien claim that the subcontractor can make against the two family residential property.
A lien is a legal claim or right that allows a creditor tohold property as collateral until a debt is paid.
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PLS HELP ILL GIVE BRAINLEST!!!!!!!!
Answer:
pay back is so good!..
Step-by-step explanation:
Arecipe calls for 12 ounces of molasses. The cook gets out a volume measuring container and measures out 12 fluid ounces of molasses a) What assumption did the cook make that was incorrect? b) How much more molasses did the cook add than should have been added?
The cook added 6 ounces more molasses than should have been added since the assumption was wrong.
a) The assumption the cook made that was incorrect was that the volume of molasses is the same as its weight. The cook measured 12 fluid ounces of molasses instead of 12 ounces of molasses by weight. It is assumed that weight and volume are the same, but this is not always the case because the density of different substances varies.
b) The amount of molasses the cook added than should have been added can be calculated by converting 12 fluid ounces of molasses to weight ounces. We can use the density of molasses to calculate the weight. Let's assume the density of molasses is 1.5 ounces per fluid ounce.
Then, the weight of 12 fluid ounces of molasses = 12 fluid ounces × 1.5 ounces/fluid ounce = 18 ounces
The cook added 6 ounces more of molasses than should have been added because:
12 fluid ounces - 12 weight ounces = 6 ounces
Therefore, the cook added 6 ounces more molasses than should have been added.
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write solutions to the systems of inequalities that should lie on the double- shade region
Answer:
(1,1) (2,2) (1,2) (1,5) (4,4) (4,5)
there are a lot more but those are some.
Step-by-step explanation:
Find the Laplace transform of the function f(t) = t sin(4t) +1.
The Laplace transform of the function f(t) = t sin(4t) +1 is
L[f(t)] = (4 / (s^2 + 16) + 1) / s
To find the Laplace transform of the function f(t) = t sin(4t) + 1, we can use the linearity property of the Laplace transform.
The Laplace transform of t sin(4t) can be found using the derivative property and the Laplace transform of sin(4t). The derivative property states that if F(s) is the Laplace transform of f(t), then sF(s) is the Laplace transform of f'(t).
Taking the derivative of t sin(4t) with respect to t, we get:
f'(t) = 1⋅sin(4t) + t⋅(4⋅cos(4t))
Now, we can find the Laplace transform of f'(t) using the derivative property:
L[f'(t)] = sL[f(t)] - f(0)
Since f(0) = 0, the Laplace transform becomes:
L[t sin(4t)] = sL[t sin(4t) + 1]
Next, we need to find the Laplace transform of sin(4t). The Laplace transform of sin(at) is [tex]a / (s^2 + a^2)[/tex]. Therefore, the Laplace transform of sin(4t) is [tex]4 / (s^2 + 16).[/tex]
Now, substituting these values into the equation, we have:
sL[t sin(4t)] - 0 = sL[t sin(4t) + 1]
Simplifying, we get:
sL[t sin(4t)] = sL[t sin(4t) + 1]
Dividing both sides by s, we have:
L[t sin(4t)] = L[t sin(4t) + 1] / s
Now, we can substitute the Laplace transform of sin(4t) and simplify further:
[tex]L[t sin(4t)] = (4 / (s^2 + 16) + 1) / s[/tex]
Therefore, the Laplace transform is: [tex]L[f(t)] = (4 / (s^2 + 16) + 1) / s[/tex]
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6=1x+5
Find Y . . . . . . . .
Answer:
If you are referring to the y-intercept, then the answer is 5. Otherwise, the answer is probably 6.
Step-by-step explanation:
Answer:
i got 1
Step-by-step explanation:
ratio of the surface area to volume? 280 in² / 300 in³
The ratio of the surface area to the volume is 14/15 in²/in³.
To find the ratio of surface area to volume for a given object, we divide the surface area by the volume. In this case, we have a ratio of 280 in² to 300 in³.
The surface area represents the total area of all the exposed surfaces of the object, while the volume represents the amount of space occupied by the object.
To calculate the ratio, we divide the surface area by the volume:
Ratio = Surface Area / Volume
Ratio = 280 in² / 300 in³
Simplifying the ratio:
Ratio = (280/300) in²/in³
Ratio = (28/30) in²/in³
Ratio = (14/15) in²/in³
Therefore, the ratio of the surface area to the volume is 14/15 in²/in³.
This ratio represents the relationship between the amount of surface area and the amount of volume for the given object. It indicates that, for every 15 cubic inches of volume, there are 14 square inches of surface area.
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If y is 19 times x, which equation shows the relationship between x and 7?
A. X = 19y
B. Y = 19x
C. Y = 19 + x
D. X = 19 + y
Answer:
b. y=19x
Step-by-step explanation:
Della is renting a car for the day. The rental
fee (y) is $30 plus $0.25 per mile (m).
Which of the following equations represents
this cost?
(A) y = 0.30m + 25
(B) y = 30m + 0.25
(C) y = 0.25m + 30
(D) y = m(0.25 +30)
Answer: C) y = 0.25m + 30
Step-by-step explanation:
Since the rental fee (y) of the car is $30 plus $0.25 per mile (m), then the cost will be:
= $30 + $0.25(m)
= 30 + 0.25m
For example, to calculate the cost of someone who rented the car and used 20 miles will be:
= 30 + 0.25m
= 30 + 0.25(20)
= 35
Given –9x2 + 4y2 – 18x + 16y – 29 ≤ 0, which graph represents the inequality?
edge2021
Answer:
C.
Step-by-step explanation:
Edge2021
The graph of the answer is plotted and attached.
What is Inequality?Inequality is the mathematical statement formed when two expressions are joined by an inequality operator.
The inequality is –9x² + 4y² – 18x + 16y – 29 ≤ 0,
The inequality represents a hyperbolic inequality.
The graph of inequality is plotted and attached with the answer.
The shaded portion is the representation of inequality.
The shaded portion shows that the graph is a graph of a hyperbola.
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А
5 50.1
Find the measurement of the missing side
indicated
с
B
х
Answer:
Step-by-step explanation:
B
x is approximately equal to 6.
What are Trignometric ratios ?The ratios of the sides of a right triangle are called trigonometric ratios.
Three common trigonometric ratios are the sine (sin), cosine (cos), and tangent (tan).
sin = Perpendicular/ Hypotenuse
Cos = Base / Hypotenuse
tan = Perpendicular/Base
In the figure attached with the answer we can see that in Triangle ABC ,
tan 50.1 = x / 5
5(tan 50.1) = x
Therefore x is approximately equal to 6.
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Express 0.80 as a fraction in its simplest form.
Answer:
4/5
Step-by-step explanation:
Answer:
4/5
Step-by-step explanation:
0.8
=8/10
=4/5
The cartesian product of two sets P and Q can be written as
Answer:
P x Q
Step-by-step explanation:
The Cartesian product of two sets P and Q can be written as,
P × Q.
What is set?Sets are groups of well-defined objects or components in mathematics. A set is denoted by a capital letter, and the cardinal number of a set is enclosed in a curly bracket to indicate how many members there are in a finite set.
Given:
P and Q are the two sets.
The Cartesian product of two sets P and Q can be written as,
P × Q.
For example,
if A = {1, 2} and B = {3, 4},
then the Cartesian Product of A and B is {(1, 3), (1, 4), (2, 3), (2,4)}.
Therefore, P × Q is the required expression.
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Court Casuals has the following beginning balances in its stockholders'equity accounts on January 1.2021:Common Stock,$90.000 Additional Paid-in Capital,$4.100.000:and Retained Earnings,$3.000,000.Net income for the year ended December 31,2021,is $900.000.Court Casuals has the following transactions affecting stockholders'equity in 2021: May 18 Issues 26,000 additional shares of $1 par value common stock for $50 per share. May 31 Purchases 4,500 shares of treasury stock for $40 per share. Julyl Declares a cash dividend of $2 per share to ail stockholders of record on July 15. Hint: Dividends are not paid on treasury stock. July 31 Pays the cash dividend declared on July 1. August 18 Resells 2,500 shares of treasury stock purchased on May 31 for $52 per share Taking into consideration all the entries described above,prepare the statement of stockholders'equity for the year ended December 31,2021,using the format provided.(Amounts to be deducted should be indicated with a minus sign.) COURT CASUALS Stelement of Stockholdara'Equity For the Yoar Ended December31.2021 Additional Common Ratained Pald-in Stock Earmings Capltal 90,000 $4,100,000 $3,000,000 Treasury Stock Total Stockholders Equlty $7,190,000 Balance,January 1 issue common stock Purchase treasury stock Cash dividends Resell treasury stock Net income Balance,December 31 90,000$4.100,000$3,000,000$ 0$7.190.000
The preparation of the stockholders' equity statement for the year ended December 31, 2021, is as follows:
Court Casuals
Statement of stockholers' equity
December 31, 2021
Common Stock $116,000
Additional Paid-in Capital $5,326,000
Retained Earnings $3,677,000
Treasury Stock $-2,000
Total stockholders' equity $9,117,000
How the stockholders' equity statement is prepared:The stockholders' equity statement includes the common stock, additional paid-in capital, retained earnings, and the subtraction of the treasury stock.
Court Casuals
Stockholers' equity on January 1, 2021
Common Stock $90,000
Additional Paid-in Capital $4,100,000
Retained Earnings $3,000,000
Net income for the year, 2021, = $900,000
Transactions Analysis:May 18: Cash $1,300,000 Common Stock $26,000 Additional Paid-in Capital $1,274,000 (26,000 x $50 - $26,000)
May 31: Treasury Stock $4,500 Additional Paid-in Capital $175,500 (4,500 x $40 - $4,500) Cash $180,000
Jul 1: Cash Dividend $223,000 (90,000 + 26,000 - 4,500) x $2 Dividends Payable $223,000
July 31: Dividends Payable $223,000 Cash $223,000
August 18: Cash $130,000 Treasury Stock $2,500 Additional Paid-in Capital $127,500 (2,500 x $52 - $2,500)
Statement of Retained Earnings, December 31, 2021:
Beginning balance $3,000,000
Net income $900,000
Dividends -223,000
Ending balance $3,677,000
Common Stock Account:Beginning balance $90,000
May 18: Cash 26,000
Ending balance $116,000
Additional Paid-in Capital Account:Beginning balance $4,100,000
May 18: Cash 1,274,000
May 31: Cash -175,500
August 18: Cash 127,500
Ending balance $5,326,000
Treasury Stock Account:May 31: Cash $4,500
August 18: Cash -2,500
Ending balance $2,000
Thus, we can summarize from the stockholders' equity that Court Casuals has outstanding shares of 114,000 (116,000 - 2,000) at $1 par, which is the difference between the ending balances of the common stock and the treasury stock accounts, after reflecting the equity transactions for the year.
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hey besties i need sum help with this pls
divide 3x2 − 11x − 4 by x − 4. (2 points) x 1 x − 23 3x 1 3x − 23
Dividing 3x^2 - 11x - 4 by x - 4 results in the quotient of 3x + 1 and a remainder of -23.
To divide 3x^2 - 11x - 4 by x - 4, we can use long division.
First, we divide the highest degree term of the dividend by the divisor. In this case, (3x^2) / (x) gives us 3x as the first term of the quotient.
Next, we multiply the divisor (x - 4) by the first term of the quotient (3x) to obtain (3x)(x - 4) = 3x^2 - 12x.
We subtract this result from the dividend (3x^2 - 11x - 4) to get a new polynomial: (3x^2 - 11x - 4) - (3x^2 - 12x) = x + 8x - 4.
Now, we repeat the process with the new polynomial (x + 8x - 4). We divide the highest degree term (x) by the divisor (x - 4), which gives us the second term of the quotient, 8.
Multiplying the divisor (x - 4) by the second term of the quotient (8) gives us (8)(x - 4) = 8x - 32.
Subtracting this from the new polynomial (x + 8x - 4) - (8x - 32) = 40, we obtain the remainder.
Therefore, the division of 3x^2 - 11x - 4 by x - 4 gives the quotient 3x + 1 and the remainder -23.
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On a coordinate plane, what is the distance between the point at (8, 7) and the point at (-9, 7)?
Answer:
They are 17 units away from each other!
Step-by-step explanation:
Because they have the same y coordinate, this make us not have to do the formula. To find how far they are away, add the absolute value of each x coordinate. The answer is 17 units.
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Ms. Contento buys a BMW with an initial value of $45,000. Yearly, the car's
value depreciates by 5%. How much will the car be worth after 8 yours?
Assume {a} is a sequence which converges to a and {b} is a sequence which converges to b, then the sequence {an + bn} converges to a + b.
The resulting sequence will also converge when the corresponding terms of the two sequences are added together, "an + bn," and its limit will be equal to the sum of the limits of the individual sequences, which is "a + b."
Let's say we have two sequences in mathematics: a} and {b}. If the sequence "a" converges to a particular value, let's call it "a," and the sequence "b" converges to a different value, let's call it "b," then the sequence "an + bn" (where an and bn represent the terms of the sequences "a" and "b") will converge to the sum of the two values, which is a + b. Convergence of a sequence means that the values get closer to a In this way, if the two successions {a} and {b} combine, it suggests that their separate terms approach their particular restricts (an and b) as we think about additional terms.
As a result, the final sequence will also converge when we add the terms of the two sequences, "an + bn," and its limit will be equal to the sum of the limits of the individual sequences, which is "a + b."
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Crystal reads 25 pages in 1 hour. Write an equation to represent the 2
relationship between the number of pages Crystal reads and how much time she spends reading. Let p = number of pages and t = number of hours.
Answer:
she read 25 pages in 60 minutes
Step-by-step explanation:
The Royal Fruit Company produces two types of fruit drinks. The first type is 30% pure fruit juice, and the second type is 80% pure fruit juice. The company is attempting to produce a fruit drink that contains 35% pure fruit juice. How many pints of each of the two existing types of drink must be used to make 90 pints of a mixture that is 35% pure fruit juice?
Answer: I- 81 pints, II-9 pints
Step-by-step explanation:
Given
The first type of juice has 30% pure Juice
The second type of juice has 80% pure Juice
The final mixture has 95 pints of 35% pure juice
Suppose we take x pints from the first Juice
So, the second Juice contributes 90-x
for 35% content
[tex]\Rightarrow 35=\dfrac{x\times 30+(90-x)80}{90}\\\\\Rightarrow 3150=30x+7200-80x\\\\\Rightarrow 50x=4050\\\Rightarrow x=81\ \text{pints}[/tex]
First contributes 81 pints. second contributes 9 pints
The circumference of a circle is 106.76 yards. What is the circle's radius?
Answer:
The answer is 16.99
Answer:
It's 17!
Step-by-step explanation:
Please help.
Is algebra.
Answer:
question 3= c question 4= a
Step-by-step explanation:
Order form least to greatest
0.777, 9/11, 5/9, 65%, 0.714, 83.3%, 0.583, 0.5, 0.75, 4/9
Answer:
4/9, 0.5, 0.583, 5/9, 65%, 0.714, 0.75, 0.777, 9/11, 83.3%!
Step-by-step explanation:
Hope this helps
What is the area of this cross section of this rectangular prism? Enter your answer in the box.
10 in.
16 in.
16 in.
Answer:
1152in²
Step-by-step explanation:
Given the following
Length = 10in
Width = 16in
Height = 16in
surface area of the prism = 2(LW + WH + LH)
surface area of the prism = 2(10*16+ 16*16 + 10*16)
surface area of the prism = 2(160+256+160)
surface area of the prism = 2(576)
surface area of the prism = 1152in²
Determine if the relation below represents a function. Explain your reasoning
Given:
The graph of a relations.
To find:
Whether the relation is a function or not.
Solution:
A relation is a function if there exist unique outputs for each input. If a graph passes the vertical line test then is a function.
Vertical line test: Each vertical line intersect the curve at most one.
In the given figure draw a vertical at [tex]x=1[/tex] as shown in the below figure.
From the below graph, it is clear that the vertical line intersects the curve at two points. So, it does not pass the vertical line test.
Therefore, the given relation is not a function.
find the square root of 8.1 x 10^15
Answer:
9x10^7 is your scienctific notation, which is also 90000000 in expanded form