What do you notice about the number of energy levels or shells as you move down a group or column in the
periodic table?

Glycolysis = 2 NADH × 3 = 6 ATP.

The process by which glucose is broken down to provide energy is known as glycolysis. It generates two pyruvate molecules, ATP, NADH, and water. There is no need for oxygen throughout the process, which occurs in the cytoplasm of a cell. Both aerobic and anaerobic creatures experience it.

The sugar (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate) is oxidized in the sixth step of glycolysis, which releases high-energy electrons that are then taken up by the electron carrier NAD+ to create NADH. A second phosphate group is subsequently added to the sugar, phosphorylating it and creating 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate.

And we know that 1 NADH molecule equals to 3 molecules of ATP. thus 2 molecules of NADH will produce total 6 molecules of ATP.

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Geosphere - mining of gold, iron and silver & an earthquake leads to the formation of a new mountain

Biosphere - mold growing on a plant & deforestation

Different definitions of the geosphere have conflicting uses. It can be used to refer to the atmosphere, lithosphere, hydrosphere, and cryosphere as a whole. Different mass and/or energy flows can be exchanged between the various geosphere collectives (the measurable amount of change). The balance of the various geosphere spheres is impacted by the exchange of these fluxes. As an illustration, consider how the soil functions as both a source of flux exchange and as a component of the biosphere.

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Hypothesis seek to provide a sound basis of a new phenomena with background facts. An alternative to text you provided could be:

Since gravity attaches things to the earth's surface, any jump attempt will end in the surface.

Answer:

The competitive inhibitor binds to the active site and prevents the substrate from binding there. The noncompetitive inhibitor binds to a different site on the enzyme; it doesn't block substrate binding, but it causes other changes in the enzyme so that it can no longer catalyze the reaction efficiently.

Most lipids are composed of long chains of carbon and hydrogen atom.

Lipids are the long chains of hydrocarbons. These are the organic compounds that are abundantly present in living body. The role played by lipids inside the body are: they are important components of the membrane of cell and cell organelles; and they are great source of energy (in the form of fats).

Carbon is the most essential element in the living organisms. Its atomic number is 12. It is the basic element present in all the organic molecules. The catenation property of carbon contributes to its importance and versatility.

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Plants transform light energy into chemical energy using photosynthesis.

Photosynthesis is divided into light-dependent reactions and light-independent reactions.

Light-dependent reactions occur in the thylakoids of the chloroplast, where one molecule of chlorophyll absorbs a photon and loses an electron, which is later taken to the molecule of pheophytin and then to a quinone, initiating an electron transport chain that produces NADPH. The movement of electrons also creates a proton gradient, which can be used by the ATP synthase to produce ATP. The electron lost by the chlorophyll is regained from the photolysis, which breaks apart the water and releases oxygen.

The light-independent reactions are the ones where the enzyme RuBisCO transforms CO₂ from the atmosphere and makes carbohydrates, in a process called the Calvin cycle, which uses the NADPH created in the light-dependent reactions. The carbohydrates are later used in cellular respiration to obtain more ATP.

Answer: 400

Explanation:

Thymine pairs with adenine so their numbers are equal.

According to the rule of conservation of mass, matter cannot be generated or destroyed in a closed or isolated system. It is preserved but capable of changing forms.

The understanding that substances do not actually vanish as a result of a reaction, despite what might appear to be the case, but rather change into another material of equal mass, was made possible by the law of conservation of mass, which was essential to the development of chemistry.

The law of conservation of mass was discovered by several scientists, according to history. As a consequence of an experiment in 1756, Russian scientist Mikhail Lomonosov recorded it in his diary.

French chemist Antoine Lavoisier carefully recorded experiments that supported the law in 1774. Some people refer to the law of conservation of mass as Lavoisier's Law.

Therefore, According to the rule of conservation of mass, matter cannot be generated or destroyed in a closed or isolated system. It is preserved but capable of changing forms.

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Let's define a couple of terms:

• Bacteria are defined as ,prokaryotes,. They are simple-celled organisms, consisting of only genetic material, a cell wall or a cell membrane, ribosomes, cytosol, and cilia or flagella.

• Viruses are considered ,nonliving,. They are inactive and inject their viral genome into a host cell. Viruses are one of the smallest things on this planet. Viruses need a host cell in order to infect and replicate.

Taking this information into context, we can answer the question:

It is easier to treat a bacterial infection because they are separate organisms from the host organism. It is easier to target something bigger and more definitive and won't harm the host itself all too much.

Compared to a viral infection, it is extremely difficult to treat since any treatment would have to target the host organism's cell, as viruses inject their viral genome and take over the host cell and force it to assemble more viruses and release them. This is why we create vaccines, to prevent viral infections.

The relative atomic mass of the elements are as follows:

The relative atomic mass of an element is the sum of the product of the isotopic masses of the isotopes of an element and their relative abundances.

The relative atomic mass of an element is calculated as follows:

Relative atomic mass = sum of  (isotopic mass * relative abundance) of all the isotopes of the element.

The relative atomic mass of sulfur is calculated below:

Relative atomic mass = (32.95 * 0.0075) + (31.972 * 0.950) + (33.967 * 0.042) + (36.01435 * 0.0002)

Relative atomic mass = 32.054 amu

The relative atomic mass of chlorine is calculated below:

Relative atomic mass =  (34.97 * 0.755) + (36.97 * 0.245)

Relative atomic mass = 35.46

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According to the table that represents the genetic code, the amino acid sequence that corresponds with the mRNA sequence GAA UUU ACG AAA is glutamic acid-phenylalanine-threonine-lysine (Option D).

The genetic code is the information contained in the DNA sequence, which is sued to produce a given sequence of amino acids in a protein during translation. The triplets of nuclotides or codons in DNA are used to generate the proteins, e.g., the GAA  codon is used to add glutamic acid.

The genetic code links a given sequence of amino acids during the translation in the ribosome with specific codons in the mRNA sequence, which are complementary to the DNA sequence obtained during translation since transcription and translation are cellular processes that are interrelated and dependent on each other to produce a protein.

Therefore, we can conclude that the sequence glutamic acid - phenylalanine - threonine - lysine is encoded by using the mRNA sequence GAA UUU ACG AAA (Option D).

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The correct options are:

Let us understand these points in brief.

1) How soluble the hormone is in water. It depends on whether it is  hydrophilic or hydrophobic. Example, the hormones deprived of lipids are hydrophobic, like, steroids. It means they are insoluble in water. Since, they are insoluble in water, so, they can be used to transport proteins.

2) whether the hormone will be able to move through the cell membrane.  Hydrophilic hormones (from amino acids) are unable to diffuse through the lipid bilayer. So, the hormones which are derived from lipids are able to pass through the membrane because they are able to diffuse through the lipid bilayer. This diffusion occur through the membranes that have internal receptors.

3) whether the hormone interacts with receptors on the cell membrane. Since hormones are chemical messengers so they are able to interact with receptors that are present on the surface of the cell. That is how they effect the target cells.

4) whether the hormone interacts with receptors inside the cell. There are few receptors present inside the cells too. These hormones have the ability to interact with the receptors present inside the cells.

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Each of the semicircular canals are in a different dimensions of space, so as fluid flows, it causes a series of reactions that change the pattern of signals carried by the vestibular nerve to the brain.

The superior, horizontal, and posterior designators refer to the three semicircular canals of the bone labyrinth. The dimensional difference in these canals is as follows: The superior and posterior canals are at right angles to each other on diagonal vertical planes. The ampulla of the horizontal canal lie close together and opens into the vestibule.

Semicircular canals determines the movements of head along with the audition. The nerve responsible for this movement control is vestibular nerve. The vestibular nerve transmits motion and positional information. The vestibular system involves coordinated communication between the cerebral cortex, brain stem, ocular muscles, postural muscles, and vestibular apparatus including semicircular canals.

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A gene is a segment of DNA that contains a single unit of information.

It follows that every living cells consist of a chromosome which contains the genes. Structurally, the genes consist of two different nucleic acid which are the deoxyribonucleic acid ( DNA ) and ribonucleic acid ( RNA ).

That being said the genes are the units of inheritance. The characters or traits of parents are expressed in the offspring through the genes.

So therefore, we now confirm that a portion or component of the DNA is the gene.

Complete question:

A__is a segment of DNA that contains a single unit of information.

a. Chromosome

b. Gene

c. Sugar

d. Nitrogen base.

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The correct option is B. Encouraging farmers to enhance their farms by planting flowering hedgerows and natural nesting sites for pollinators. Flowers could represent refugees to pollinators and insects in general, which could mitigate the adverse effects they are experiencing.

The parenting style contributes to the intellectual performance among people from similar economic and social backgrounds.

Parenting style is a psychological behavior that represents the way in which the parents perform the upbringing of their children. The parenting style is affected by a variety of factors like the surroundings, economic status, culture, experiences, etc.

Social background refers to the type of family an individual has. It involves the upbringing of the person, their intellect, their lifestyle, their family background, etc. The social background is the determinant of the kind of person an individual is. However, it is not compulsory that a person lives or behaves according to its social background.

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The statement which is correct about the enzyme-substrate complex during an enzymatic chemical reaction is that it occurs independently of the enzymes's active site. Thus, option D is correct.

Enzymes are the biological catalyst that helps to speed up the chemical reaction that carries out in the body. Enzymes has been the protein by nature and there are number of the enzymes present in our body such as salivary amylase, pepsin, renin, lyases, lygases etc.

The main function of enzyme has to make the metabolism fast as well as speed up the chemical reaction carried out in the body. The best example of the enzyme has salivary amylase which has been an enzyme and it has present in the saliva and helps in the digestion of food.

Therefore, The statement which is correct about the enzyme-substrate complex during an enzymatic chemical reaction is that it occurs independently of the enzymes's active site. Thus, option D is correct.

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Answer:

7

Explanation:

The average person can store ~7 items in their short-term memory, though it can range from 5 - 9 in short term memory.  Short term memory lasts around a quarter to half a minute.

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ABC transport systems are the transport system best suited for the transport of nutrients which are present at extremely low levels in environment. Thus, the correct option is D.

ABC transporter are the ATP-binding cassette transporters. It is a type of active transport as energy is required. ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter is a large superfamily of membrane proteins with diverse functions. They can use the energy gained from ATP hydrolysis for the trans-bilayer movement of substrates either into the cytoplasm or out of the cytoplasm.

As this transport system has periplasmic binding proteins which can be specialized in picking up the specific nutrients with the help of ATP, even at very low concentrations. This system can be used for transport of rare nutrients in cells.

Therefore, the correct option is D.

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Your question is incomplete, most probably the complete question is:

Which transport system is best suited for transport of nutrients present at extremely low levels and why?

A. secondary transport

B. translocase

C. phosphotransferase

D. abc transport

E. simple PMF transport

The structure in a wolf spider's cells that transmits signals from one nerve cell to the next is the plasma cell membrane (Option 2).

The plasma membrane of nerve cells is known as neurolemma and it is capable of transmitting signals between nerve cells by the process of depolarization of the membrane, which involves differential electrical charges between the cell and its surrounding medium.

During depolarization, protein sodium ion channels on the neurolemma open in order to allow the entry of these ions, which change the polarity of the membrane.

Therefore, with this data, we can see that the plasma membrane transmits signals between nerve cells through membrane depolarization which is due to the unequal charge of ions inside the cell and its surrounding environment in order to transmit such signals.

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Darwin's theory of natural selection states that organisms that are best adapted to their environment have the highest chances of survival.

He found physical characteristics such as beak size, weight, and number of eggs laid. It depended on the type of food they ate and the environment of the island. This observation paved the way for establishing the process of natural selection in evolution.

This means that the genetic code carried by these surviving organisms is the code that is passed on. This is the form of this organism that survived while others did not. Of all the evidence Darwin used to support his theory of evolution, the most famous was Darwin's finch in the Galapagos Islands off mainland Ecuador.

How did the environment influence the process of natural selection?

Deleterious mutations were eliminated by natural selection. Because frogs with mutations did not survive. Beneficial mutations were reinforced because frogs carrying the mutation had the highest chances of survival and reproduction. This shows how the environment influences the process of natural selection.

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Answer:

The transmission of characteristics from parents to offspring is called heredity.

Explanation:

The traits (such as eye color, hair color, and skin color) are passed in the form of genes (segments of DNA corresponding to particular traits), which are considered the unit of heredity.

Answer:

You should know, the cell is our most essential body forming unit. Each organ in our body is all formed of cells. Cells divide and multiply in order to make new organs as well as gametes. The cell is known as the structural and functional unit of life because all living beings are formed of cells.

Cell cycle

There are 4 checkpoints given in different phases of the cell cycle:

G0: Resting state. Given only when the cell is not prepared to divide. It takes place at the end of the G1 phase.

G1 checkpoint: It takes place in the same moment as the G0, this is a check for nutrients, growth factors (molecular signs), and DNA integrity.

G2 checkpoint: It takes place at the end of the G2 phase, to check if the cell size is correct and the DNA replication was correctly done.

Metaphase checkpoint: At the end of the metaphase. Here is checked the chromosome spindle attachment and chromosome alignment to the equatorial plate.

Sinks and sources refers to places within the nutrient cycle where nutrients are stored. Thus, the correct option is C.

A nutrient cycle is the movement and exchange of inorganic and organic matter back into the production of matter. Energy flow is a unidirectional and non-cyclic pathway of energy flow, whereas the movement of mineral nutrients is cyclic in nature. Mineral cycling is bi-directional.

Nutrients have the three basic functions that include providing energy, contribute to the body structure, and regulation of chemical processes in the body.

Sinks and sources refers to places within the nutrient cycle where nutrients are stored. Source is the place where more amount of nutrients is present whereas sinks are the places where the nutrients flow from source.

Therefore, the correct option is C.

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The organs where gas exchange takes place are the element missing from the diagram. All regions of the body receive oxygenated blood from the lungs through the red blood cells.

The circulation receives oxygen from the lungs during gas exchange. The blood and lungs exchange carbon dioxide at the same time. This occurs in the lungs between the capillaries, which are a network of microscopic blood arteries found in the walls of the alveoli, and the alveoli themselves.

The diagram can be improved by:

                                         Lungs

                                             ↓

                                         oxygen

                                             ↓

                           Red blood cells (carrying oxygen)

                                             ↓

         Organs where carbon is removed from and oxygen is provided,    

                            like as the stomach and liver                    

                                             ↓

             Carbon dioxide is transported to the lungs by RBCs.

The organs where gas exchange takes place are the element missing from the diagram. All regions of the body receive oxygenated blood from the lungs through the red blood cells, which also transport waste carbon dioxide gas back to the lungs. The lungs then exhale the carbon dioxide.

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