g mycobacterium tuberculosis are grown for 80 hours. during that time, they go through four generations of growth. what is the generation time?
The generation time is 20 hours in mycobacterium tuberculosis are grown for 80 hours. during that time, they go through four generations of growth.
The bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the one that causes tuberculosis (TB). However, TB bacteria can target any region of the body, including the kidney, spine, and brain. The bacteria typically assault the lungs. A TB bacteria infection does not always result in illness. Latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) and TB illness are as a result two TB-related disorders. TB infection can be lethal if not adequately treated.
Acute or chronic bacterial infections are most frequently detected in the lungs and are known as tuberculosis (TB). Like a cold, TB is spread mostly through airborne droplets that an infected person breathes out into the environment. The bacteria produces tubercles, which are little tissue lumps. These tubercles in the lungs restrict breathing and cause sputum to be spat up. If untreated, tuberculosis (TB) may come back after extended periods of inactivity (latency). There are numerous types of tuberculosis, and they can be identified by the body part afflicted, the severity of the condition, and the community they affect. Today, it is believed that this disease is both treatable and avoidable. It is quite uncommon in the US, although it is growing.
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Name the process by which soluble food enters the blood, diffusion, fermentation or transpiration?
Answer:
It is called absorption. Digested food enters the blood or lymph through the small intestine wall by diffusion or active transport
Answer:
Diffusion
Explanation:
Diffusion is the movement of a substance from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. It can occur all over the body including the large intestine when food enters to blood stream and in the alveoli in the lungs where gases diffuse into the blood stream. Hope this helps :)
What procedure can a medical doctor do to correct an injury to the left pulmunary artery
Answer:
Surgical repair of the branch pulmonary arteries is a common procedure in congenital heart disease surgery and is often performed as part of a complex reintervention
To which part of the centromere do mitotic spindle fibers attach during prometaphase?.
The kinetochore is the part of the centromere do mitotic spindle fibers attach during prometaphase.
How is the classification of chromosomes based on the location of the centromere?
Based on where the centromere is located, there are four different types of chromosomes.
Chromosomes with a centromere in the middle are referred to as metacentric chromosomes because they are divided into two equal arms.Sub-metacentric chromosome: A sub-metacentric chromosome is one in which the centromere is positioned somewhat outside of the middle region. Here, one arm is just a little bit longer than the other.Acrocentric chromosome: An acrocentric chromosome is one in which the centromere is found close to one of the terminal ends. One arm is incredibly long and the other is incredibly short in thisA chromosome is referred to as telocentric if its centromere is found at one of the terminal ends.What do centromeres do? Describe them in writing.Listed below are the functions of the centromere:
A chromatid is split into two arms by a region known as the centromere. The kinetochore is situated around the location of the duplicated chromosome in order to connect to the spindle fibers' microtubules. It facilitates correct chromosomal segregation.
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Type the correct answer in the box. Spell all words correctly.
What type of succession replaces a small number of species at a time, and thus does not causes a large-scale disturbance in a given community?
_____________ succession replaces a small number of species at a time, and thus does not cause a large-scale disturbance in a given community.
Answer:
Explanation: The opening line, "One dollar and eight-seven cents" (in 1905) is equivalent to how much in today's dollars? Why is this amount both important and unimportant in the story?
Answer: The answer is cyclic
Explanation: just took the test
s 24795 limits beta-amyloid-alpha7 nicotinic receptor interaction and reduces alzheimer's disease-like pathologies. biol psychiatry. 2010 mar 15;67(6):522-30.
Alzheimer's disease (AD) plaque and neurofibrillary pathogenesis are made possible by beta-amyloid (Abeta). By interacting with alpha7 nicotinic receptors, soluble Abeta stimulates the formation of intraneuronal Abeta aggregates and the phosphorylation of tau (alpha7nAChRs).
In vitro reincubation with S 24795 decreases the interaction between Abeta(42) and alpha7nAChR as well as beta-amyloid (Abeta) (42)-induced tau phosphorylation. S 24795 lessens Abeta(42)-alpha7nAChR association and Abeta(42) immunostaining in organotypic brain slice cultures and in an in vivo Abeta(42) injection model.
S 24795 also normalizes Ca(2+) fluxes through alpha7nAChR and NMDAR channels in organotypic cortical slices and mice brains that have been exposed to beta-amyloid (Abeta)(42) or infused with it. Galantamine and memantine have a minor impact on the Abeta(42)-alpha7nAChR coupling and Abeta(42)-mediated reduction of alpha7nAChR- and NMDAR-mediated Ca(2+) influx, in contrast to S 24795 and Abeta(12-28).
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Describe how a decrease in populations in populations of socondary consumers in an ecosystem would impact both the primary consumer level and h primary producer level
A deceease in the secondary consumers in an ecosystem can impact both primary consumers and primary peoducers. The reason why it impacts primary consumers is because they no longer are pret causing them to over populate. The over population of the primary consumers impacts the primary consumers because now there are too many primary consumers that need food. Eventually the primary producers will become exctinct due to the primary consumers eating the primary producers. When the primary producers die out so will the primary consumers, for their food source is gone.
A decrease in populations of secondary consumers in an ecosystem can have significant impacts on both the primary consumer level and the primary producer level.
What are the negative effects caused due to increase in herbivores?At the primary consumer level, the number of secondary consumers decreases which increases the number of primary consumers, as there are fewer predators to consume them.
This can put additional pressure on the primary producers because of the presence of more herbivores competing for limited resources. The increase in herbivores results in the depletion of plant populations, which can have negative effects on the entire ecosystem.
At the primary producer level, the decrease in populations of secondary consumers also decreases the number of predators, that allow herbivores to reproduce rapidly putting additional pressure on the primary producers.
Therefore, the decrease in populations of secondary consumers can alter the balance between predator and prey populations thereby disrupting the relationships between different trophic levels.
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which signaling molecule is most likely responsible for an increase in digestive activity? group of answer choices norepinephrine adrenaline acetylcholine epinephrine
Acetylcholine is the signaling molecule is most likely responsible for an increase in digestive activity.
As a broad term for molecules that particularly attach to other molecules, "ligand" is frequently used to refer to signaling molecules (such as receptors). The message sent by a ligand is frequently transmitted inside the cell through a series of chemical messengers.
The cholinergic neurons in the brain and gut wall produce ACh, the neurotransmitter. Acetylcholine is a neurotransmitter that is released in the gut in response to luminal stimuli. It controls the flow of gut contents by promoting epithelial ion secretion and muscular activity.
Acetylcholine increases the "push" of food and juice through the GI tract by inducing a stronger contraction of the muscle layer of the digestive organs. Additionally, it increases the production of digestive fluid in the pancreas and stomach.
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if you crossed plant 1 to plant 2 and collected 1024 offspring, how many would be: (note: answer should be a number of babies, not a fraction) 1) tall with green, smooth seed and funky white flowers? 2) heterozygote for every trait? 3) short plants with yellow smooth seeds, and funky white flowers? 4) all dominant traits?
The recombinant offspring's characteristics in terms of blossom color and seed morphology are as follows
Red, smooth White and freckled
Due to the fact that they differ from their parents, these are recombinants. Despite having the same genes as their parents, they do not have the same alleles. Every time, there are fewer recombinants than parental types Parents' \genotypes: RrWw (red , wrinckled) rrww (white , smooth) (white , smooth) following the crossing: Rrww rrWw
(These two represent the recombinant genotypes)
Recombination frequency is calculated as follows: recombinants / total progeny
= 7+9 / 43+41+7+9 = 0.16
16 m.u. separates the genes.
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Smooth muscle forms rings called ___________ that are usually contracted but relax periodically to allow substances to pass through them.
Answer:
sphincters
Explanation:
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What two fundamental parts make up a chromosome?
Answer:
DNA and histone proteins
Explanation:
2. Explain how your investigation provides evidence for a feedback mechanism that
supports homeostasis. In your answer, identify body systems that likely control
this feedback mechanism. (1 point)
Variables are parameters that the feedback system monitors, regulates, or influences.
Receptors (sensors) pick up on the variable's changes.
The effectors are informed to produce a response by control centres (integrators), which compare the variable in reference to a set point. When making decisions, control centres occasionally take into account information than merely the level of the variable, such as the time of day, age, environmental factors, etc.
Effectors carry out the adjustments required to change the variable.
The components of a feedback loop must be able to communicate with one another in order for the loop to work. In certain circumstances, receptors and control centres are the same structures, thus there is no need for various signalling types in that stage of the process, which frequently happens through nerves or hormones.
Example-The amplitude of labour contractions is a wonderful illustration of positive feedback. As the baby settles into place, the cervix is stretched further than usual, which starts the contractions. Until the baby is born, the feedback makes the contractions stronger and more frequent. Following childbirth, the stretching ceases and the loop is broken.
What is homeostasis?
For creatures to survive, homeostasis is extremely important. Resistance to environmental changes is generally considered to be its meaning. Additionally, homeostasis is a self-regulating mechanism that controls internal factors essential for maintaining life.
To put it another way, homeostasis is a process that maintains a constant internal environment despite changes in the external environment.
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Paul has brown eyes, a dominant trait, and his wife Emily has blue e trait. Paul and Emily's daughter has blue eyes. How is this possible?
Answer:
Answer down below!
Explanation:
Even though technically, brown eyes are indeed the dominant trait, every once in a while, recessive traits can slip in. So even if there is a dominant gene, it's not always the case that dominant genes can always be the case. That is also how evolutions start when one recessive trait is shown, and it proves to be useful.
If you mutated the laci gene resulting in a mutant lac repressor protein that could bind to the lac operator but not to allolactose, what would be the consequence for transcription of the lac operon?.
An uninducible phenotype would come from a "down" mutation, which would preclude expression even when the de-repressed condition (when the inducer is present).
What would happen to the lac operon's transcription?The lac repressor is a lactose sensor. When the presence of lactose the repressor's ability to prevent transcription of a operon in its normal state is lost. The repressor protein recognizes galactose by means of its enantiomers allolactose. A glucose sensor is the proteins catabolite activator (CAP).
What exactly are translation and transcription?Transcription and translation are indeed the processes through which DNA is converted into RNA and utilized to make proteins, respectively.
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Describe one source of genetic variation in meiosis and explain, in your own words, how it increases genetic variation.
Mutations is one source of genetic variation. Genetic variation is a result of sexual reproduction that leads to the creation of new combinations of genes.
Genetic variation is created in meiosis by the two mechanisms that is independent assortment of gametes and genetic recombination.
Skin color, hair color, dimples, freckles and blood type are examples of genetic variations that can occur in humans. Examples of genetic variation in plants are modified leaves of carnivorous plants and the development of flowers that resemble insects to lure plant pollinators.
Processes of meiosis results in four unique haploid cells that result in combinations. Independent assortment in which the chromosome inherited from either the father or mother can sort into any gamete and produces the potential for genetic variation.
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the leaves of a plant with a unique photosynthetic pigment appear orange in sunlight. what wavelengths of visible light are most likely absorbed by this unique pigment?
The wavelengths of visible light that are being absorbed by the pigment that appears orange in sunlight is blue and violet.
What is a photosynthetic pigment?
A photosynthetic pigment is known as a pigment that is present in photosynthetic bacteria or chloroplasts. It captures the light energy necessary for photosynthesis.
The wave of light on an absorption spectrum that the pigments of a photosynthetic plant absorbs typically affects its appearance to the human eyes.
In light of this, some photosynthetic plants such as carotenoids have a unique photosynthetic pigment, which makes their leaves to appear orange to the human eyes. Also, since the plant is a carotenoid, the wavelengths of visible light that are being absorbed by this pigment is blue and violet.
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a hypothetical symport facilitates the transfer of cl- and k into the cell. given that the cell membrane potential is -0.055 v (neg charge on inside), the temperature is 300k, and the concentrations of the cl- inside the cell is 10 mm and outside is 100 mm and the concentration of k inside is 110 mm and outside the cell is 4 mm, what is the energy associated with this movement?
Additionally, K+ is a positively charged ion with a concentration of 120 mM inside the cell, 4 mM outside the cell, and an equilibrium potential of -90 mV. This means that K+ will be in electrochemical equilibrium when the cell is 90 mV negative of the extracellular environment.
What happens if the K+ content in extracellular space rises?It is widely known that increased extracellular potassium ion concentrations ([K+]o), which frequently accompany conditions like ischemia and hyperkalemia in the heart, alter the resting transmembrane potential and the excitability of cardiac tissue.
Increased extracellular potassium depolarizes neurons because the resting neuronal membrane is extremely permeable to K+ and the membrane potential is sensitive to variations in the extracellular potassium concentration.
The duration of Purkinje and ventricular action potentials is lengthened when extracellular K concentration is reduced below approximately 3.0 mM, and diastolic depolarization in the Purkinje fiber is enhanced (9,10,12,13).
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3. Which of the following is NOT a cause of genetic mutations?
a. Random events
b. Nature
c. Environmental factors
d. Chromosomes
Answer:
I'd assume nature isn't a cause of genetic mutations
Explanation:
3. Which term is described as all the chemical activities that take place in
an organism?
A. Reproduction B. Growth C. Metabolism D. Excretion
What does cytoplasm represent in a zoo/what is the function of cytoplasm in a plant cell
What are non- living factors of the environment called?
Answer:
Answer down below!
Explanation:
They are called abiotic factors and these factors are indeed, non-living factors in a given ecosystem. They include things such as light, water, or temperature since they do affect animals living in an ecosystem.
carrying capacity is the maximum population of a given species that a particular can sustain indefinitely. group of answer choices lifetime planet continent habitat country
Carrying capacity is the maximum population of a given species that a particular habitat can sustain indefinitely (option D).
What is carrying capacity?Carrying capacity is the number of individuals of a particular species that an environment can support.
The carrying capacity is pivotal to a population as it determines the survival of species in that population. A species population size is limited by environmental factors such as adequate food, shelter, water, and mates.
Carrying capacity of an ecosystem is the largest population that it can sustain indefinitely with the available resources, also called the “maximum load” by population biologists.
Therefore, the maximum population sustainable by a habitat is the carrying capacity.
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What is a difference between systemic and pulmonary circulation?
A.
Systemic circulation carries deoxygenated blood to the body and pulmonary circulation carries oxygenated blood to the lungs.
B.
Systemic circulation carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs and pulmonary circulation carries oxygenated blood to the body.
C.
Systemic circulation carries oxygenated blood to the lungs and pulmonary circulation carries deoxygenated blood to the body.
D.
Systemic circulation carries oxygenated blood to the body and pulmonary circulation carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs.
Reset Next
sorry if this is late
the answer is D
and il explain why
systemic circulation carries all of the oxygenated blood from your heart and lungs to all your body so the body can function better
pulmonary circulation brings deoxygenated blood into your lugs so your lungs and make it oxygenated again then pumps it back out to your body as oxygenated blood and so on and so on
An air ______ is a large body of air with relatively uniform temperature and moisture.
An air mass is a large body of air with relatively uniform temperature and moisture.
A huge body of air with a largely constant temperature and humidity is referred to as an air mass. An air mass's properties are determined by the region from which it originates. The likelihood that the air mass will take on characteristics of the surface below increases with the amount of time it spends over its source region. Air masses are hence related to high-pressure systems.
Based on the moisture content, air masses can be divided into two major categories. Therefore, dry air masses that originate over continents are those denoted by the lowercase letter "c." Maritime air masses, denoted by the letter "m," are moist air masses since they originate over the oceans.
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he diagram below shows the stages of succession in a forest ecosystem.
A diagram showing 4 stages of succession in a forest ecosystem. Stage A: A mature forest. A fire occurs, resulting in Stage B, a burnt forest where nothing is growing. Stage C, pioneer plant species grow in the bare ground. More species follow and grow bigger. Stage D: A mature forest with several tree species and younger trees.
Which area shows the climax community of secondary succession?
A
B
C
D
Answer:
d
Explanation:
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19. What is the purpose of taxonomic systems?
a. To provide descriptive latin names
b. To maintain a small number of taxa
c. To construct a family tree that predicts how many species may be discovered into the future
d. To provide consistent ways to identify and classify organisms as they are being studied
Answer: d. To provide consistent ways to identify and classify organisms as they are being studied
Explanation:
Taxonomy is a process that describes and helps identify different living organisms. The process involves classification, identification, nomenclature.
Plan an Investigation How could you determine whether the water that a plant uses
during photosynthesis comes from the soil or from the atmosphere?
1.
Water that the plant use for photosynthesis comes from soil and carbon dioxide comes from atmosphere .
The oxygen released during photosynthesis is from the water. The plants will absorb water as well as carbon dioxide during photosynthesis. after that water is converted into oxygen and sugar . oxygen is released in the atmosphere and sugar is used for energy .
Experiments conducted by Samuel Ruben and Martin Kamen to identify the procedure of photosynthesis The experiment involved the use of radioactive isotopes to label the water and carbon dioxide absorbed by the plant and match the radioactivity of the oxygen released by the plant to identify its origin.
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Which statement correctly pairs the organelle with its function?
O The vacuole stores genetic information
O The chloroplast synthesizes proteins from amino acids
The nucleus absorbs the sun's energy for photosynthesis
O The plasma membrane controls the flow of materials into the cell
Answer:
O The plasma membrane controls the flow of materials into the cell
Explanation:
Predict the outcome when two elements are chemically combined?
When two elements are chemically combined a compound is formed.
A compound is a substance formed when two or greater chemical elements are chemically bonded collectively. Two varieties of chemical bonds not unusual in compounds are covalent and ionic bonds.
A compound is a substance that incorporates two or extra factors chemically blended in a set share. The elements carbon and hydrogen integrate to form many special compounds.
While two or extra elements combine to form a new substance, it is called a compound. There are numerous distinctive types of compounds, because atoms of elements integrate in many special methods to shape unique compounds. Examples encompass water (H2O) and table salt (NaCl). The smallest a part of a compound is a molecule.
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what it means that
spongy bone
consists of
bony spikes?
Answer:
Spongy bone, also known as cancellous bone, contains osteocytes housed in lacunae, but they are not arranged in concentric circles. Instead, the lacunae and osteocytes are found in a lattice-like network of matrix spikes called trabeculae