DNA ( deoxyribonucleic acid) is the hereditary material in humans and other organisms. Four chemical bases are : adenine , guanine , cytosine , and thymine.
The information in the DNA is stored as a code that is build of four chemical bases: adenine , guanine , cytosine , and thymine. Human DNA consists of about 3 billion bases. The sequence bases gives the information available for building an organism. DNA bases pair up with each other like, A with T and C with G. They form base pairs. Each base is linked to a sugar and a phosphate molecule. A base, sugar, and phosphate combined together are called a nucleotide. Nucleotides are arranged in two strands in the spiral form called double helix
The complete set of information in DNA of an organism is called genome. It carries the information for all the proteins the organism will synthesize.
One of the key property of DNA is that it can replicate.
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What is the full form of DNA. Mention it's role
Answer:
Deoxyribonucleic acid (abbreviated DNA) is the molecule that carries genetic information for the development and functioning of an organism. DNA is made of two linked strands that wind around each other to resemble a twisted ladder
Explanation:
Proteins which are embedded in the membrane are called membrane proteins, while proteins which are attached to the surface of the membrane are called proteins.
Integral proteins are those that have a substantial amount of attachment to the plasma membrane. Through hydrophobic contact, they are kept inside the membrane. transmembrane that are integral
Since they make up a membrane both physically and functionally, integral proteins are given that name. Integral protein structurally pierces the hydrophobic portions of the phospholipid bilayer.
A protein domain that spans a membrane is known as a transmembrane domain (TMD). The topological conformation that TMDs typically take is that of an alpha helix, while some TMDs, such those found in porins, can adopt a different shape. Although proteins like membrane pumps and ion channels can contain polar amino acid residues, they are less common in transmembrane since the lipid bilayer's core is hydrophobic.
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the cheetah has helped garner public support for various conservation projects due in part to its charismatic nature. for this reason, the cheetah could best be classified as what type of species?
Because of its appeal, the cheetah has contributed to the success of numerous conservation initiatives. Due to this, the cheetah is most appropriately categorized as a flagship species.
Threatened species are ones that are being highlighted. As a result, they act as an ambassador to spread the word about how important it is to protect them. The Bengal Tiger, Asian, African, and Giant Panda are a handful of the World Wildlife Fund's signature species. A flagship species serves as the symbol of an environmental habitat, movement, campaign, or concern. They can be mascots for entire ecologies. Identification of a flagship species requires taking into account a species' social, cultural, and economic value. The environmental harm occurring in the area where these animals inhabit is demonstrated by the fact that they are typically among the most threatened or endangered species.These animals are typically among the most threatened or endangered species, which demonstrates the environmental harm occurring in the area where they live.
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what is the identity of the above atom
The Periodic Table element that is being represented is totally determined by the number of protons in the nucleus, although this is not a comprehensive identification. The amount of neutrons in the nucleus provides us with the necessary information to determine which isotope of that element is being represented. Different isotopes may exist for an element.
What is atom?
An atom is the tiniest piece of ordinary matter that makes up a chemical element. Atoms that are neutral or ionised make up every solid, liquid, gas, and form of plasma. Atoms are incredibly tiny, measuring typically 100 picometers across.
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Where does the new protein
end up after being released by
the ribosome?
A. in the cytoplasm
B. in the nucleus
C. in the cell membrane
Answer:
B. in the nucleus
Explanation:
Proteins synthesized on free ribosomes either remain in the cytosol or are transported to the nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplasts, or peroxisomes. The initial sorting of proteins to the ER takes place while translation is in progress. In contrast, proteins synthesized on membrane-bound ribosomes are translocated into the ER while their translation is in progress. They may be either retained within the ER or transported to the Golgi apparatus and, from there, to lysosomes, the plasma membrane, or the cell exterior via secretory vesicles. (if this helps any)
if a man who is heterozygous for a prss1 ala16val mutation mates with a woman who is homozygous for normal cationic trypsinogen, what is the probability that their offspring will have hereditary pancreatitis, given the penetrance value obtained in part b?
Since the mutation shows dominant inheritance, the probaility of inheritance is 0.5 or 50%.
The information missing is about the penetrance of the mutant allele. The information in the text gives that the mutation shows 60% penetrance. With this penetrance, the probability of inheritance is 0.5 x 0.6 = 0.3 or 30%.
What are alleles?
At a certain genomic region, an allele is one of two or more variations of the DNA sequence (a single base or a segment of nucleotides). For each genomic region with such variation, an individual inherits two alleles, one from each parent. The person is homozygous for the allele if the two alleles are the same.
Hence, the probably of inheritance is 0.5 or 50%
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describe the organelles and structures a protein that is destined to leave the cell would interact with on its journey from synthesis to exile from the cell of its birth.
Rough endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, cell membrane are structures that a protein that is destined to leave the cell would interact with on its journey from synthesis to exile from the cell of his birth.
The ribosomes, which are the molecules in charge of producing proteins, are what give the rough endoplasmic reticulum its name. A specific RNA fragment may instruct a ribosome to move to the rough endoplasmic reticulum and embed itself if it comes across there. The protein produced from this region will wind up inside the rough endoplasmic reticulum, where it will fold and be marked for transport to the Golgi apparatus through the process of glycosylation, which involves the addition of a tag molecule (often a carbohydrate).
Near the nucleus, the rough endoplasmic reticulum, which is continuous with the nuclear membrane, resembles a network of canals. Rough endoplasmic reticulum-produced proteins are either meant to form a membrane or to be released from the cell membrane. It would be much more difficult to discern between proteins that should exit the cell and proteins that should remain if there were no rough endoplasmic reticulum. As a result, the rough endoplasmic reticulum promotes cell specialization and increases organism complexity.
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In your own words, what drives the formation of tropical storms?
A source of warm, humid air that comes from tropical oceans, when the average sea surface temperature is higher than 26 °C.
What are the factor favors the tropical storms?As different breezes come together close to the ocean's surface, air rises and storm clouds are formed.
There must be warm ocean water and wet, humid air in the area for one to form.
Humid air is discharged from the atmosphere and turns into storm clouds when it flows upward in a zone of low pressure over warm ocean water. In a storm, the air rotates as it rises.
Therefore, warm ocean water and wet, humid air in the area for one to form tropical storms.
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In order to show that dna in cell extracts is responsible for genetic transformation in streptococcus pneumoniae, important corroborating evidence should indicate that _______ also destroy transforming activity.
The DNA in cell extract is responsible for genetic transformation in streptococcus pneumoniae , important evidence should indicate that RNA, polysacchride destroy transforming activity.
What is DNA and what was the transforming principle being talked about here?DNA is the genetic unit of whole genetic complement of the human body.The transforming principle here in the question is talking about is the transforming principle transferred to the mice and the mice died.The transforming principle transferred is DNA that inhibits the transformation of S strain to R strain.And due to the inhibition of this transformation the mice died due to S strain which had a polysacchride coat .Hence the DNA cell extract is responsible for the genetic transformation.To know more about DNA visit:
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What would happen if telomerase stopped working in a cell in which it normally functions at high levels?.
If Telomerase stopped functioning then it Limits the growth of the cells.
Telomerase shortening limits the growth the cells by doing Senescence in the cells or by crisis in the cells with the inactivated checkpoints.
Drugs that inhibits telomerase activity or kill telomerase producing cells may potentially stopped and kill the cancer cells in the tracks.
Since cell division occurs throughout the lifetime telomerase get shorter and shorter as we age and thus its number in the cell decreases as Telomerase helps in the Chromosome rearrangements leading to the cancer.
Thus when the Telomerase stopped functioning then the cell becomes inactive or dies which leads to major disease such as cancer.
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In multicellular organisms, cells that do a specific job are often grouped together into masses or layers that are more complex systems. What are these more complex systems called? O A. Tissues B. Organelles O C. Body systems OD. Organs
In multicellular organisms, cells that do a specific job are often grouped together into masses or layers that are more complex systems called Tissues
Between cells and organs, there is a level of order called tissues. Similar cells work together to create tissues that have a specific purpose. Multiple tissues combine to form organs, which in turn create an organ system. Animal and human tissues are almost same.The connective, neural, muscular, and epithelial tissues are the four fundamental tissues of animals. Every component of the embryo undergoes differentiation to become distinct tissues and carry out various tasks. For instance, the embryo's ectoderm and endoderm grow into epithelial tissues.The body's interior organs are covered in epithelial tissues as a kind of protection.To know more about Tissues visit : https://brainly.com/question/967104
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Answer: its A
Explanation: trust
what occurs in the thymus? group of answer choices t cells are produced. t cells undergo clonal expansion. clonal deletion of t cells takes place. t cells produce their tcr for the first time and undergo clonal deletion. t cells produce their tcr for the first time.
The primary function of the thymus gland is to train special white blood cells called T-lymphocytes or T-cells.
What are White blood cells?The immune system of the body includes white blood cells. They support the body's defenses against illness and infection. Granulocytes (neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils), monocytes, and lymphocytes are different types of white blood cells (T cells and B cells).
What occurs in the thymus?T-lymphocytes, often known as T-cells, are specialized white blood cells that are trained by the thymus gland. Our bone marrow sends lymphocytes (white blood cells) to your thymus. In our thymus, the lymphocytes develop into specific T-cells. The T-cells develop before they are released into our bloodstream. They move to our lymph nodes, which are collections of cells, and other lymphatic system organs, where they aid in the immune system's defense against illness and infection.
Thus from the above conclusion we can that the primary function of the thymus gland is to train special white blood cells called T-lymphocytes or T-cells.
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What is the number of individuals in a population found within a defined area or volume that can limit the size of some populations?.
Population density is defined as the quantity of people in a given space or volume, and it is critical to the survival of a population. In nature, there are various constraints on population number and expansion. Some are depending on the density, whereas others are not.
What does ecosystem population mean?In ecology, a population is made up of all the creatures of a particular species that are found in a specific location. Demography is the statistical study of populations and how they evolve through time.A population is a collection of creatures belonging to the same species that cohabitate in one place.Immigration is the long-term integration of some people from outside the current population. As a result, population density rises and growth is unaffected.Anything that restricts a limiting element population's growth is slowed or prevented. Biologic factors including food, mates, and competition with other species for resources are some examples of limiting constraints.To learn more about Population density refer to:
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True or false :
As energy travels through an ecosystem, some of it is lost at each trophic level because it is lost to heat due to the activity of each organism or because some parts are not eaten or digested
True, As energy travels through an ecosystem, some of it is lost at each trophic level because it is lost to heat due to the activity of each organism.
As organisms need energy for metabolic operations like keeping warm and digesting food, all biological groups experience energy loss in the form of heat (up to 80–90 percent).
Unused energy eventually escapes as heat in an environment. When one organism eats another organism, energy and nutrients are transmitted through the food chain. Decomposers eat up any energy that a deceased organism may have had.
As energy travels through an ecosystem, it gets less concentrated at each trophic level. A trophic level's energy transfer rate can be as low as 10%, with the majority of the remaining energy being wasted as heat during metabolic activities.
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A population of a wild animal is a frequent target for hunters. Hunters tend to hunt the larger animals with big horns. How might this affect the populations in the wild?
A.
Animals with average horns will increase in number.
B.
Smaller animals with a trait for short horns will become endangered.
C.
Traits for larger animals with big horns will be selected.
D.
Traits for smaller animals with short horns will be selected.
Reset
Answer:
D. Traits for smaller animals with short horns will be selected.
Explanation:
The process of natural selection will favour those individuals that possess the combination of characteristics that are most likely to survive and reproduce. As the hunters tend to target the larger animals with big horn, smaller animals with short horns will have better chances of survival so the traits for short animals with short horns will be selected.
of the three 'bypass' reactions that allow gluconeogenesis to produce glucose from pyruvate, two of these reactions are also points of reciprocal regulation, and one is not - which reaction is not a point of reciprocal regulation?
There are three bypass reactions in gluconeogenesis, out of them the one reaction which does not show reciprocal regulation is Pyruvate carboxylase and PEP carboxykinase bypass pyruvate kinase reaction.
The three bypass reactions where the energy transfer of ATP→ADP takes place are:
Glucose-6- phosphate bypasses the hexokinase step which is a reciprocal step Fructose 1,6 bisphosphate bypasses the phosphofructokinase step, this step is also a reciprocal regulating step. Pyruvate carboxylase and PEP carboxykinase bypass pyruvate kinase step is not a reciprocally regulated step, this reaction is the last step of gluconeogenesis leading to the formation of 2 molecules of pyruvate.Learn more about Gluconeogenesis here https://brainly.com/question/28190068?source=archive
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Scientists studied the teeth on the fossils of an ancient fish. The oldest fossils indicate the fish mostly ate plankton. The teeth on more recent fossils indicate the fish began to eat larger plants. Which hypothesis does this observation best support?.
The newest layers are on top and the oldest layers are at the bottom. This observation indicates that the fossils of plankton outdate the fish.
What are Fossils?Any surviving remains, impression, or evidence of a once-living thing from a previous geological epoch is referred to as a fossil. Examples include fossilized bones, shells, exoskeletons, animal or microbe imprints in stone, amber-preserved artifacts, hair, petrified wood, oil, coal, and DNA traces. Organisms that formerly lived and whose shapes and forms may still be recognized are called fossils.
The existence of marine life in rocks suggests that there was once an ocean in the region where the rocks were deposited. High mountains occasionally include marine life fossils, indicating that rocks generated on the bottom were uplifted. The movement of the Earth's plates has slowed and ceased. Over time, plate movement has caused continents to form and fragment.
The newest layers are on top and the oldest layers are at the bottom. As sediments can include once-living animals, sedimentary rocks frequently contain a large number of fossils.
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Why is the huronian supergroup rock formation particularly interesting to scientist
Answer:
The Huronian Supergroup is particularly exciting and interesting because, by chance, these rocks were laid down at a period when the atmosphere underwent a transition from containing no free oxygen to containing at least some free oxygen."
Explanation:
The most desirable adaptations are structural adaptations those that give an organism a survival advantage behavioral adaptations physiological adaptations
Structural adaptations are modifications made to an organism's structure to help it better adapt to its surroundings.
What is structural adaptation?
Structural adaptations are unique characteristics that may include unique body parts like skin, colour, and shape. These modifications aid organisms in surviving in their native environment.
These structural alterations have an impact on an animal on numerous levels, and because they are highly apparent adaptations, one can completely recognise them with the unaided eye.
As an illustration, consider how desert plants have adapted to the harsh environment of the desert, where there is a scarcity of water and high temperatures. Because there is less water available in the desert, plants known as succulents have adapted by storing water inside of themselves.
How does adaptation work?
The term "adaptation" refers to a change in an organism's structure and function as a result of a natural process that makes the organism more suited to endure and proliferate in a given environment.
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which statement is an example of a chemical change? group of answer choices a plant converts carbon dioxide into carbohydrates. a tree is cut down in the forest. water evaporates from a lake. ice cubes are formed in the freezer. confetti is cut from pieces of paper.
An instance of a chemical change: d. A plant converts carbon dioxide into carbohydrates.
Chemical change arises when a substance combines with every other to form a new substance, known as chemical synthesis or, as an alternative, chemical decomposition into extra distinctive substances. those tactics are called chemical reactions and, in widespread, are not reversible except by using similar chemical reactions.
The five conditions of chemical exchange: are coloration exchange, formation of a precipitate, formation of a fuel, smell trade, and temperature trade. A chemical exchange happens when one chemical substance is transformed into one or more one-of-a-kind materials, such as when iron will become rust. Chemical adjustments occur through the method of chemical reactions, and the ensuing materials have different residences because their atoms and molecules are organized otherwise.
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tooth decay is caused by bacteria, such as s. mutans, that can attach to the surface of a tooth. how are these bacteria able to attach to the surface and cause infection? what is the role of sugar in this process?
The main dietary component in the growth of dental decay caries is free sugars. When oral bacteria break down glucose to create acid, which demineralizes the hard structures of the teeth, dental caries is created (enamel and dentine).
As part of its metabolism, the anaerobic bacteria S. mutans is known to create lactic acid. Second, S. mutans can adhere to tooth surfaces when there is sucrose present because it produces glucans, a polymer that helps to attach the bacteria to the tooth. Dental decay is caused by acids produced by bacteria that digest sucrose and other dietary carbohydrates, which dissolve tooth mineral, chiefly hydroxyapatite, Ca10 (P04)6(0H)2. These microorganisms are found in dental decay plaque, a buildup of bacteria on the tooth's surface.
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Which of the following is a Quantitative Statement? A. The roses are beautiful this time of year. B. The bushes have grown 13cm in the past week. C. The red flowers are always larger than the purple ones. D. It can hurt if you get pr1cked by a thorn.
your brain registers the painful sensation caused by you touching something that stings your hand. what part of the body control mechanism is represented by this analysis of the signal your nerve cells sent?
The integration center analyzes the painful sensation.
What is reflex action?
A reflex is an unintentional, unplanned sequence or action and a virtually immediate movement that occurs in reaction to stimuli. Reflexes can also be referred to as reflex actions. Neural circuits that are capable of acting on an impulse before that impulse reaches the brain are referred to as reflex arcs, and they are what make a reflex possible.
A reflex loop's integration center is located exactly in the middle of the loop. This part of the spinal cord is the location where information gathered by sensory neurons is passed on to the neurons that control the muscles. Afferent neurons are the neurons that travel from the brain to the spinal cord.
Hence, reflex action and integration center both are responsible for the analysis of painful sensations.
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Match each pollutant with its health effect.
Carbon dioxide
Nitrogen oxides
Volatile organic compounds
Sulfur oxides
A) inflammation and irritation of the respiratory system
B) causes eye, nose, and throat irritation or cancer
C) irritate lungs, dizziness, seizures, or death
D) dizziness, fatigue, headache, disorientation, shortness of breath
which human activity will help decrease air pollution? which human activity will help decrease air pollution? burning crops driving a hybrid car burning household garbage using coal to produce energy
Answer:
electric vehicles aka less use of petroleum and less greenhouse gas
place the following events in the correct order in which they occur in the cam pathway, beginning at the top with the entry of carbon dioxide into the leaf.
The correct order in which they occur in the CAM pathway begins at the top with the entry of carbon dioxide into the leaf: Carbon dioxide diffuses into the leaf when stomata are open at night, Carbon dioxide is stored as a four-carbon molecule in vacuoles within mesophyll cells, The stored four-carbon molecule is moved from vacuoles to chloroplasts of mesophyll cells and carbon dioxide is released, Carbon dioxide enters the Calvin cycle when the stomata are closed during the day.
As an adaptation to arid environments, some plants developed a carbon fixation mechanism known as crassulacean acid metabolism, or CAM photosynthesis, which enables a plant to photosynthesize during the day but only exchange gases at night. Plants have modified their CAM pathway to undertake photosynthesis in stressful situations.
Photorespiration is decreased via the CAM pathway. To minimize water loss during the day, CAM plants have open stomata at night, where they absorb carbon dioxide. Stomata open during the night in this channel, allowing CO2 to permeate into the leaf where it combines with PEP to produce malate. Then, until daylight, this acid is kept in huge central vacuoles.
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a group of tis-
sues working
together
Answer: An organ
Explanation: Tissue is muscle matter made up of cells. Tissues working together for a single function is called an organ. organs working together make up an organ system, such as your cardiovascular system, or digestive system.
phenylketonuria (pku) is a disease in humans that results from the abnormal metabolism of the amino acid phenylalanine. if untreated, it can lead to severe brain damage in infants. two normal parents have a child who has pku. what can you determine about the inheritance of the pku allele from this information? question 10 options: it is pleiotropic. it is dominant. it is epistatic. it is recessive.
Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a disorder in human beings that outcomes from the atypical metabolism of the amino acid phenylalanine. inside the blood. the recessive allele has an autosomal recessive sickness, you inherit changed genes (mutations), one from each determined.
Phenylketonuria (fen-ul-key-toe-NU-ree-uh), additionally called PKU, is an extraordinary inherited disease that reasons an amino acid referred to as phenylalanine to accumulate inside the body. PKU is due to an exchange inside the phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) gene. This gene facilitates create the enzyme wanted to break down phenylalanine.
PKU is due to mutations inside the gene that facilitates making an enzyme referred to as phenylalanine hydroxylase (stated fen-l-AL-uh-neen hazy-DROK-such-leys), or PAH. This enzyme is wanted to convert the amino acid phenylalanine into different substances the body desires. meals that incorporate massive amounts of the ought to be removed from a low food plan. these meals are high protein ingredients, such as milk, dairy products, meat, fish, chicken, eggs, beans, and nuts. those meals cause high blood ranges for human beings with PKU.
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What state park would you like to support in its Conservation Effort and how
how does the chloroplast function work in a plant cell
4-5 sentences
thank you
Answer:
The main role of chloroplast is to conduct photosynthesis
Explanation:
Chloroplasts are specialised organelles characterised by their high concentration of chlorophyll. They convert light energy into chemical energy by photosynthesis.
Chloroplast carry out a number of other functions including fatty acid synthesis, some amino acid synthesis and the immune response in plants.
Chloroplasts along with the nucleus, cell membrane, and endoplasmic reticulum participate in the plant immune response.
They make all of the cell's purine and pyrimdines.
They also convert nitrite into ammonia, which supplies the plant with nitrogen.
Chloroplasts are highly dynamic, they circulate and are moved around within plant cells and occasionally pinch into two to reproduce.
Answer: Chloroplast is known as coloured pigments. They are the ones
that give colours to flowers, fruits and leaves. Chlorophyll is
present in the leaves. expand it a bit more mark me as brainlist ig