The fact that these bacteria have adhesins for strep cells means that strep is the cell they attach to when starting the disease process.
Periodontal disease represents a group of oral inflammatory diseases mediated by adhesins on the surface of bacteria and by receptors on the surface of bacteria. Oral streptococci produce an arsenal of adhesive molecules that allow them to efficiently colonize different tissues in the mouth. Bacteria associated with periodontal disease are predominantly Gram-negative anaerobic bacteria and may include A. actinomycetemcomitans, P. gingivalis, P. Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Fusobacteria, Spirochaetes, and Synergistete were highly associated with periodontal disease. On the other hand, Actinobacteria was found in a higher proportion in health. The dominant bacterial species in dental plaque are Streptococcus sanguis and Streptococcus mutans, both of which are considered responsible for plaque.
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The development that freed vertebrates from water for reproduction and allowed them to radiate into diverse terrestrial environments was the _____.
Answer:
Ecdysis
Explanation:
The innovation that freed vertebrates from being tied to water for reproduction and allowed them to radiate into diverse terrestrial environments was the development of A. ecdysis.
if dna is damaged or incompletely replicated in s phase, the inhibition of which of these molecules prevents the cell from entering m phase?
The cell cycle won't move on to the following phase. Therefore, the next division won't take place. Cell death will result from this.
If S phase is not completed, what happens?The faithful segregation of sister chromatids may be threatened by incompletely replicated or unresolved chromosomes from the S-phase that survive into mitosis, according to new research.
What takes place during the cell cycle's S phase?During the S phase, the cell makes a complete copy of the DNA in its nucleus. It also produces duplicate centrosomes, which are organelles that arrange microtubules. The centrosomes help to separate DNA during M phase.
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Which action is taking place at the apical meristem of a plant stem?
A. Mature cells differentiate into specialized cells.
B. The plant's oldest cells rapidly divide to extend the stem.
C. A cluster of tiny, unspecialized cells continuously divide.
D. Cells die off and form a barrier that protects new cells.
Answer: C
Explanation: The apical meristem is a region at the tip of a plant's stem or root that contains a cluster of tiny, unspecialized cells called meristematic cells. These cells are capable of dividing rapidly, allowing the plant to grow in length. As the cells at the tip of the stem or root differentiate and mature, they become specialized for different functions, such as photosynthesis or support. The apical meristem is responsible for the primary growth of a plant, which is the growth in length that occurs during its early stages of development.
if facultative mutualists do not require another species to help them, why do they engage in mutualism?
Facultative mutualists do not require another species to help them, but they engage in mutualism because facultative mutualists benefit greatly in fitness from the interactions with other species in mutualism.
What is facultative mutualistic relationship?Facultative mutualistic relationship is a type of mutualism in which interacting species derive benefits from each other but not being fully dependent.
Mutualism is highly complex but it can be broken down into two types of relationship. In some cases, species are entirely dependent on each other (obligate mutualism) and in other case, they derive benefits from their relationship but can survive without each other (facultative mutualism).
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if someone said that the inside of a cell is hollow what would you tell them to correct their misinterpretation
Answer: The cell is made up of different part such as the nucleus, mitochondria, etc.
Explanation:
How does cholesterol help stabilize the plasma membrane in hot and cold temperatures.
Answer:
through raising or lowering the melting point
Explanation:
In High temperatures, cholesterol stabilises the plasma membrane through raising the melting point, meaning the degree of fluidity is kept the same. In Low temperatures, cholesterol intercalates between the phospholipid bi-layer and therefore prevents clustering.
Which choice accurately models transcription and translation of the following gene: ggc ctg gtt aaa tgg?.
DNA is copied during transcription by mRNA. The mRNA strand duplicates a DNA strand as DNA is "unzipped" in this process. MRNA then exits the nucleus after accomplishing this.
What exactly do DNA transcription and translation entail?Transcription, the process by which DNA is converted into RNA, and translation, the process by which RNA is used to create proteins
What kind of RNA is produced when a message is transcribed from DNA?By means of the transcription and translation processes, messenger RNA (mRNA) is a type of RNA that carries genetic information from DNA to protein.
The tRNA and 5S rRNA genes, in particular, are transcribed by RNA polymerase III. 5S rRNA and tRNA are produced by RNA polymerase III.
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What dissection instrument should we use to clean adhering tissues during dissection.
Answer:
Russian Forceps: Used for atraumatic tissue grasping during dissection. Tissue Forceps: Non-toothed forceps used for fine handling of tissue and traction during dissection. Adson Forceps: Forceps toothed at the tip used for handling dense tissue, such as in skin closures.
Explanation:
PLEASE ANSWER ASAP
Explain why it is important that FSH is not secreted during pregnancy.
Answer:
During pregnancy, serum FSH concentrations are quite low due to the inhibitory effects of the elevated concentrations of estrogen and progesterone on the hypothalamus and the pituitary gonadotropes.
A specialized cell in a tree leaf
what is this type of specialized cell?
A. Tracheid
B. Palisade cell
C. Guard cell
D. Osteocyte
Answer:
Palisade Cell
Explanation:
The leaf of a plant contains many different specialized cells. One example is the palisade cells, which form a layer near the top of the leaf. These cells are elongated, cylindrical in shape, and contain many chloroplasts.
Which is TRUE regarding the Yellowstone ecosystem in Wyoming?
[LS2-1, LS2-2]
A. abiotic factors like weather have no impact on this ecosystem
B. the main herbivores on the island are elk
C. the wolves in the park have many choices of prey species
D. the ecosystem here has only been studied for a few years
Answer:
(B) is true.
Explanation:
The most prevalent big mammal in Yellowstone is the elk. Elk, the term for moose in Europe, was used to characterise the animal by European immigrants in North America (causing great confusion for European visitors). Elk is also known by the Shawnee term "wapiti," which means "white deer" or "white-rumped deer." Elk in North America are regarded as belonging to the same species as red deer in Europe.
Elk are consumed by wolves, therefore when they disappeared, the elk population skyrocketed. The park had very few young aspen trees because the elk consumed young aspen trees.
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compare and contrast promoter-proximal elements and the operator of the lac operon. what do they have in common?
Both are nearby promoter-located regulatory regions in the DNA.
What interacts with the promoter-proximal components?The PSE-binding transcription factor particularly binds the proximal sequence element (PSE), which is present in small nuclear RNA (snRNA) genes that are transcribed by both RNA polymerase II (Pol II) and RNA pol III (PTF).
Enhancers or promoter-proximal elements?Proximal control elements are placed near the promoter, hundreds of nucleotides away from enhancers.Enhancers are DNA sequences, while transcription factors are proximal control elements.
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What takes place in a cell’s mitochondria?
A:protein synthesis
B:photosynthesis
C:cellular respiration
D:DNA replication
Answer:
C: cellular respiration
Explanation:
It's when which energy is released from the foods such as sugars into the cell.
what is the likelihood of a person having the dna fingerprint above? the allele frequencies are indicated next to the allele bands.
DNA from fingerprints is useful when there is no body fluid left at a crime scene and when fingerprints are not sufficiently clear to provide reliable identification.
why is Identification from fingerprints is preferable?
Due to the larger database of fingerprints available for comparison, fingerprint identification is preferred to fingerprint identification over fingerprint identification via DNA; however, in cases where fingerprint ridges lack sufficient detail, fingerprint identification via DNA may still be the only option. As methods for extracting cells from a fingerprint and for DNA extraction become more effective, this method of identification will spread more widely.
According to the question:
The Technical Support Working Group, a national forum that identifies, prioritizes, and manages interagency and international research and development requirements for countering terrorism, provided funding for two pertinent research projects carried out in 2000 and 2002. The goal of the study was to take chemically altered fingerprints and extract and analyze DNA from them.
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when the bladder contains 400 to 500 ml of urine, this is referred to as specific gravity. anuria. renal clearance. functional capacity.
A bladder containing 400 - 500 ml of urine is referred to as functional capacity.
Urine is defined as excess liquid waste products of metabolism in human as well as other animals. The kidneys filter nitrogen rich human metabolism byproducts such as urea and creatinine from blood, then transport it to the ureters, then the urine is excreted from the body via urethra. In order for micturition (a process of excretion of urine from the bladder) to happen, the bladder must maintain a functional capacity at a level of 400 - 500 ml of urine stored inside it, after which the excess level of liquid will be excreted from the body.
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2
Which of the following is an example of stewardship towards the environment?
OA. giving money to charities
OB. helping find a lost dog
OC. pouring unused medicine down the drain
OD. volunteering to help plant trees
Answer: installation of water saving fixtures, grey water recycling systems, reuse of production waste water, rain water harvesting systems
Explanation: installation of water saving fixtures, grey water recycling systems, reuse of production waste water, rain water harvesting systems, etc. Material Conservation Conserve materials used at your site by changing process, product or formulations, participate in waste exchanges, reuse operational waste, etc.
Answer:
volunteering to help plant trees
Explanation:
OD
What name given to organisms that live in acidic medium
The primary difference between a community and an ecosystem is that an ecosystem includes . . .
A.biotic factors
B.abiotic factors
C.biosphere
D.populations
Explanation:
An ecosystem contains biotic and abiotic factors as well as populations.The only thing it does not contain is the biosphere because the biosphere actually contains all ecosystems where life exists.
each chromosome in this homologous pair possesses a different allele for flower color. which statement about this homologous pair of chromosomes is correct?
The correct statement is the homologous chromosomes represent the maternal and paternal chromosomes.
These chromosomes represent maternal and the chromosomal pattern indicates the presence of two chromosomes. This represents the two sets of conversion materials used by Gan. From these descriptions, the chromosome composed of these two chromosomes is the chromosome in genetics, the SLAM model, we call the maternal chromosome, and the chromosome inherited from the father is called the paternal chromosome. So this is still a chromosome and colored. They are formed by DNA replication and non-systems, not Tacoma nonsense.
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over – percent of plastic waste has never been recycled, and much of it ends up in oceans. scientists estimate that by 2050, ocean plastics will outweigh ocean – . a total of 9 billion tons of plastic has been generated since 1950, more than – for every person on the planet.
Over 90 percent of plastic waste has never been recycled, and much of it ends up in oceans.
Scientists estimate that by 2050, ocean plastics will outweigh ocean fish.
A total of 9 billion tons of plastic has been generated since 1950, more than one ton for every person on the planet.
What is Plastic waste?
Plastic waste is a form of waste that is made up of materials such as plastic bags, bottles, containers, packaging and other items that are not biodegradable. This waste is difficult to recycle and often ends up in landfills, oceans and rivers, where it can cause significant environmental damage.
What do you mean by Recycling?
Recycling is the process of converting waste materials into new, reusable materials. It is an important part of reducing our environmental impact and preserving natural resources. Recycled materials can be used to create new products and reduce the need for raw materials.
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The sodium-potassium pump requires a carrier protein that binds
three sodium and two potassium ions.
two sodium and three potassium ions.
one sodium and four potassium ions.
three sodium and four potassium ions
Active transport carrier proteins are sodium-potassium pumps.
The Correct Answer is : three sodium and two potassium ions.
What is Sodium-potassium pump (Na+/K+ pump)?Antiporters include the Na+/K+ pump. Na+ and K+ ions can bind to it at specific locations. The pump needs an energy source because the movement of these ions is opposed to their concentration gradients. In order to hydrolyze ATP into ADP, it attaches to it. Energy is thus released as a result. The pump modifies its form using this energy. The ions release from the pump following the conformational shift, but they do so in different directions. K+ ions are injected into the cell while Na+ ions are pumped out. The Na+/K+ pump plays a critical role in maintaining the potential of cell membranes and transmitting nerve impulses, making its role extremely important. Motor neurons' ability to operate normally can be interfered with by a lack of K+ ions, which will cause the target.Motor neurons' and consequently the target muscles' functionality may be compromised by a lack of K+ ions.To Learn more About sodium-potassium pumps refer To:
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order the steps in the clonal expansion of antibodies and the production of antibodies.
1. The Th cell detects the viral epitope presented by the b cell using its TCR.2. The Th cell's cytokines stimulate the B cell, which divides to form the memory and plasma cells.3. Antibodies produced by plasma cells can detect viruses.
What does clonal growth and selection mean?According to the hypothesis of clonal selection, random mutations that occurred during lymphocytes' initial maturation and proliferation led to unique antigen receptors developing on them before they were exposed to an antigen.Selected lymphocytes that have the required antigen receptor go through clonal proliferation after antigen presentation.
What causes clonal expansion to happen?The process through which daughter cells develop from a parent cell is known as clonal expansion.Many copies of the B cell that share affinity for and specificity for the same antigen are created during B cell clonal growth.
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What takes place in a cell’s mitochondria?
Explanation:
The mitochondria is called the powerhouse of the cell because it is responsible for producing most of the cell’s energy, or adenosine tri-phosphate (ATP). The mitochondria converts chemical energy from the food we eat into an energy form that the cell can use. This process is called oxidative phosphorylation.
Answer:
Known as the “powerhouses of the cell,” mitochondria produce the energy necessary for the cell's survival and functioning.
Explanation:
Mitochondria, using oxygen available within the cell convert chemical energy from food in the cell to energy in a form usable to the host cell. The process is called oxidative phosphorylation and it happens inside mitochondria
i hope this helped
What is the frequency of a wave that has a velocity of 2m/s and wavelength of 12m/s
Answer:
The answer should be 0.1666667 but there is some problems with your question, A Wavelength cannot be measured by meters per second usually.
Explanation:
The reason why is because of how far wavelengths actually move and extend.
gene sequencing is used to identify the flu virus. why would you sequence the hemaglutinin or neuraminidase?
In order to effectively induce membrane fusion, the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) protein, which is in charge of virus attachment, interacts with the fusion protein in a virus type-specific manner.
What distinguishes hemagglutinin from neuraminidase?The main distinction between hemagglutinin and neuraminidase is that while neuraminidase cleaves sialic acid from viral receptors to release the progeny viruses from the host cells, hemagglutinin binds with cell target cells' surface sialic acid promotes viral attachment to host cells.
What part does neuraminidase play in the influenza virus?Influenza Hemagglutinin (HA) glycoprotein is typically used by a viruses to bind to cell surface sialic acid receptors, and neuraminidase (NA) glycoprotein is used to cleave the receptor and release the virus.
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The muscle group that helps the prime movers and protects from unwanted movements are known as.
The muscle group that helps the prime movers and protects from unwanted movements are known as Synergists.
Synergists are muscles that assist the prime mover in its role. Synergists help prime movers by adding a little extra force to the same movement or else by reducing unnecessary movements that might occur as the prime mover contracts. Synergistic muscle groups help prevent instability or unwanted movements.
Synergists muscle contract at the same time as the prime mover. They helps to hold the body in position so that the prime mover can work smoothly.
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Gelatin is a protein that is derived from collagen which is found in the bones skin and connective tissue of animals. What would be the most appropiate control for this expirement?
Gelatin is a naturally occurring, non-toxic biomacromolecule made of bioactive polypeptides that are generated from collagen found in the skin, bones, and connective tissues of animals. It will display the color change that takes place when there is no enzyme activity.
Gelatin—is this an animal tissue?Gelatin is a soluble protein that resembles albumin that is created when animal tissues are boiled for a long time (typically bones, skin, and tendons).
Are animals used to make gelatin always?Is Gelatin Vegetarian? Gelatin is neither vegetarian nor vegan, to put it succinctly. Whether it comes from cows, pigs, horses, or fish, it always originates from animal sources. Agar Agar, which is described below, is a vegetarian substitute for gelatin.
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the pancreas secretes digestive enzymes and hco3− into the small intestine to break down food and neutralize acidity.
The statement 'the pancreas secretes digestive enzymes and HCO3 into the small intestine to break down food and neutralize acidity' is true.
The pancreas can be described as the organs that secrete digestive enzymes as well as bicarbonate ions into the small intestine in order to facilitate the process of digestion. Apart from this, the pancreas also secretes hormones into the blood.
In the digestive juice that is produced by the pancreas, there are enzymes that break down carbohydrates, proteins, and fats all of which are majorly present in the food that we consume. The bicarbonate is produced in order to neutralize the acidity that was produced in the stomach as the stomach has a high concentration of HCl.
Although a part of your question is missing, you might be referring to this question:
The pancreas secretes digestive enzymes and HCO3− into the small intestine to break down food and neutralize acidity. true or false
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All body cells in an organism have the same dna what makes blood, skin and bone cells different
Answer:
These cells are different because they use the same set of genes differently. So even though each of our cells has the same 20,000 or so genes regulation is how a cell controls which genes, out of the many genes in its genome, are "turned on" (expressed). Thanks to gene regulation, each cell type in your body has a different set of active genes.
Explanation:
what is one abiotic-abiotic interaction affected by the wildfires in California?
Answer:
Anthropogenic. Air pollution. Fire. Oil spills. Radioactive contamination.Climatological.Geophysical.Hydrological.Meteorological.