Au. africanus and Au. robustus has been discovered in a number of South African limestone caverns. Eastern Africa: Sedimentary basins and river drainage systems. The Great Rift Valley is home to numerous australopithecine fossils, including the renowned Au. afarensis.
The most well-known Australopithecus fossil discoveries in East and South Africa are probably "Lucy" and "Mrs Ples." As opposed to what some have previously claimed, Australopithecus fossils from the richest hominin-bearing stratum (Member 4) at Sterkfontein in South Africa are much older and are contemporaneous with Australopithecus afarensis in East Africa. Afarensis exhibited traits common to both apes and humans. These traits included apelike face proportions (a flat nose, a prominently projecting lower jaw), a small braincase (often less than 500 cubic centimetres, or about 1/3 the size of a modern human brain), and long, powerful arms with curved fingers.
Thus, we can state that a number of South African limestone caverns have been found to contain the Au. robustus and Au. africanus. Sedimentary basins and river drainage networks in Eastern Africa. Numerous australopithecine fossils, including the well-known Au. afarensis, may be found in the Great Rift Valley.
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a kidney machine removes solutes from the blood by means of group of answer choices active transport. dialysis. diffusion. osmosis. bulk flow.
By using a group of diffusion, a kidney machine eliminates solutes from the blood.
What is blood comprised of?Mixing both liquid and solid components comprise human blood. Water, salts, and protein make up the plasma's liquid portion. Plasma makes up most of your blood. Red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets make up the solid portion of your blood.
What role does blood play?Blood is essential to human life. Without blood, our bodies wouldn't be able to maintain our body temperature, fight infections, or eliminate waste products on our own. They also wouldn't be able to acquire the oxygen and nutrition they require to function.
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define and give 2 examples of each type of species relationship: define example example competition predation mutualism parasitism commensalism
Examples of commensalism are Whale and barnacles, for Parasitism human lice on the scalp, for mutualism Legumes and Rhizobium, for competition leopards and lions, and for predation shrews hunting worms and insects, or owls hunting mice.
(a) Commensalism is the association of organisms in which one organism gains while the other does not. For instance, whales and barnacles.
(b) Parasitism is a relationship of creatures where one life form is benefitted to the detriment of another. For instance, human lice on the scalp.
(c) Mutualism is a relationship between organisms in which both parties benefit. Legumes and Rhizobium are two examples.
(d) Competition between organisms of two distinct species for a common resource is referred to as interspecific competition. Take, for instance, the competition between leopards and lions over common prey.
(e) Predation occurs when one organism devours and kills another. The organism that kills, the predator, to the detriment of the organism that is being consumed, the prey, receives energy from predation in order to extend its lifespan and encourage reproduction. examples of predation are shrews hunting worms and insects, or owls hunting mice.
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which of the following statements is accurate in determining subject risk involved in a genetic study:
Evaluating the risk associated with a particular study means understanding its goal and context.
Why is knowledge of genetics important?
Understanding genetic influences and genetic anomalies is necessary to advance health promotion and disease prevention. Numerous genetic anomalies have been connected to an increased risk of producing a child with a birth defect, developmental impairment, or a disease like cancer or heart disease.
How is genetic research carried out?
Genetics refers to the study of chromosomes and heredity, or how specific traits or characteristics are transferred from parents to their offspring as a consequence of differences in DNA sequence.
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in the meselson and stahl model, which of the following would rule out a dispersive replication model? 1. in the first generation, you see a single band of intermediate density 2. in the third generation, the dna is composed of mixed dna molecules, some of them intermediate density, most of them light 3. in the second generation, you have 1 band of intermediate density 4. in the first generation, you see 2 bands, a light one and a heavy one 5. both 2 and 4
In the Meselson and Stahl model, the result that would rule out a dispersive replication model is: 2. in the third generation, the DNA is composed of mixed DNA molecules, some of them intermediate density, most of them light.
Dispersive model of of DNA replication suggests that replication will result in only intermediate DNA molecules after every cycle. This is a hybrid DNA with both old as well as new strand.
DNA is the genetic material in most of the living organisms. It is a double-stranded molecule with helical shape that have anti-parallel complementary strands. These strands are joined together by the hydrogen bonds between the nitrogenous bases.
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in the human eye the photoreceptors are found on the anterior surface/ inner limiting membrane (the edge that contacts the vitreous body), so light hits this portion of the retina first.
The area of the eye that receives light and transforms it into chemical energy is called the retina. Nerves that carry messages from the eye to the higher brain regions are activated by the chemical energy. Since the retina is essentially an extension of the forebrain, it is a sophisticated neurological system.
The macula lutea, or "yellow spot," is another name for the fovea. In reality, this term refers to a somewhat ill-defined region of the central retina that includes the fovea, parafovea, and perifovea and is distinguished by the presence of a yellow pigment in the nerve layers.
The optic papilla, which is located on the nasal side of the retina and is where the optic nerve fibres exit the eye, correlates to the blind spot in the retina.
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A scientist isolates a human DNA repair gene and inserts it into a plasmid. The plasmid is inserted into a bacterial cell, so more plasmid can be produced. After isolating the plasmid from the bacterial cells, the scientist inserts the plasmid DNA into a human tissue culture cell using a virus. Which of the following statements regarding VECTORS is TRUE?
This experiment did not involve the use of vectors.
One vector was used in this experiment.
Two different vectors were used in this experiment.
Three different vectors were used in this experiment.
Four different vectors were used in this experiment.
In this experiment, two distinct hosts were employed. assertions about vectors are accurate
What types of vectors are there?Examples of vectors include movement, velocity, acceleration, force, and others that show both the direction and the size of a quantity. Vector: The displacement is -4 feet, while the speed is -40 miles per hour. Negative displacement and velocity indicate that object is travelling counterclockwise.
What are vectors' fundamentals?In physics, a vector is a quantity with both direction and magnitude. It is often represented by either an arrow whose height is related to the size of the quantity whose direction was identical to that of that quantity. A vector does not have position, while having magnitude and direction.
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The active transport pump used to move sodium ions across the membranes of gill cells in a freshwater fish has each of the following characteristics EXCEPT:
answer choices
It uses osmosis to carry sodium ions into the cells.
It requires energy.
It has a specific binding site for ATP.
It has a specific binding site for sodium ions.
Option A, Each of the above features may be found in a freshwater fish's active transport pump, except the fact that it brings dissolved salts into the cells via osmosis.
Fish that spend the most or all of their life in bodies of water with a salinity of less than one percent are referred to as freshwater fish.
Cell transport is the passage of ions, macromolecules, or other substances into or out of a live organism's cell through the cell membrane.
There are essentially two (2) primary forms of cell transport, which include:
Chemicals can be moved through a cell membrane passively while their concentration is regulated.
Active transport is the movement of compounds across the cell membrane against a gradient of concentration and in the presence of oxygen from a location of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration.
A protein pump uses adenosine triphosphate (ATP) as energy during active transport to transfer molecules against a gradient of concentration from one area of lower concentration to another.
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Match each term to its definition.
A. anabolism
B. biochemical pathway
C. catabolism
Reactions that result in the breakdown of large biomolecules
C
Answer:
Anabolism refers to the set of metabolic reactions that result in the synthesis of complex molecules from smaller precursors. Biochemical pathways refer to the series of chemical reactions that are used by living organisms to carry out specific metabolic processes. Catabolism, on the other hand, refers to the set of metabolic reactions that result in the breakdown of large biomolecules into smaller ones.
How does physical digestion take place in the mouth and stomach?
Physical digestion is the process by which food is mechanically broken down into smaller pieces through the actions of chewing, grinding, and mixing. In the mouth, physical digestion begins when food is chewed by the teeth. This process breaks the food into smaller pieces, mixes it with saliva, and forms it into a ball called a bolus. The bolus is then swallowed and passes down the esophagus into the stomach.
Once the food enters the stomach, it is mixed with gastric juices and further broken down through a process called churning. Churning mixes the food with gastric juices and mechanical forces generated by the muscles of the stomach wall. This helps to break the food down into even smaller pieces and begins the process of breaking down the complex molecules in the food into simpler molecules that can be absorbed by the body.
Overall, physical digestion in the mouth and stomach involves mechanical processes that break food down into smaller pieces and mix it with digestive enzymes, allowing for more efficient chemical digestion and absorption of nutrients.
Answer:
In mouth, grinding of food into smaller pieces by the teeth. this process called mastication.
contracting and relaxing of the stomach is called churning. it helps to further break down the food mechanically into even smaller pieces.
Anaerobic respiration allows a cell to break down carbohydrates in the absence of oxygen. Identify how NAD^+ is used by animal cells during anaerobic respiration.
Anaerobic respiration allows a cell to break down carbohydrates in the absence of oxygen. Identify how NAD+ is used by animal cells during anaerobic respiration. During fermentation, NAD+ is generated from NADH and is used to continue glycolysis.
The utilization of electron acceptors besides atomic oxygen is referred to as "anaerobic respiration" (O2). Even though oxygen is not the final electron acceptor, the operation nonetheless uses a Anaerobic respiration.
When an aerobic organism breathes, electrons are moved to a chain of electron acceptors, with oxygen acting as the final one. Oxygen atoms are excellent electron acceptors. Anaerobes, on the other hand, need less oxidizing substances like nitrate or elemental sulfur (S). These terminal electron acceptors have lower reduction potentials compared to O2. Less energy is released per molecule that is oxidized. As a result, aerobic respiration is more efficient than anaerobic respiration.
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dragonfly publishers of children's books has purchased white rabbit, another publisher of children's books. both companies' books are sold to the same retail stores and schools. their content is different, since dragonfly produces children's literature, whereas white rabbit focuses on child-level scientific and nature topics. which of the following statements is true about this acquisition?
This is a horizontal acquisition. dragonfly publishers of children's books has purchased white rabbit, another publisher of children's books. both companies' scientific and nature books are sold to the same retail stores and schools.
A horizontal acquisition occurs when one business buys scientific and nature books another business that operates in the same sector and at the same level of the manufacturing process. Due to a dragonfly market share or more scalability than the standalone firms scientific and nature methods books to form it, the new combined entity may be in a superior competitive position. Because both businesses operate at the same level in the same industry, this purchase is horizontal acquisition. Contrarily, a vertical acquisition occurs when one business buys scientific and nature methods books that is a part of the same industry but operating at a different level of production.
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jungle travels ltd. has established a consumer forum office in minneapolis, which consists of five computers and a couple of printers and scanners, all of which are connected by a single hub. which of the following network topologies would you have applied in such a scenario? group of answer choices a star topology
Five computers and a couple of printers and scanners, all of which are connected by a single hub. A star topology would be applied in such a scenario.
In computer networks, a spoke–hub distribution paradigm is implemented as a star network. Every host in a star network is connected to a central hub. In its simplest form, a single central hub transmits messages. One of the most prevalent topologies for computer networks is the star network.
Star topologies have the inherent advantage of making it simple to add new sites; The central website alone will need to be updated. The central site plays a significant role in a star topology; All of the connections will be lost if it fails. The connection's performance is determined by how well the central hub functions.
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Investigating Peptidoglycan Recycling Pathways in Tannerella forsythia with N-Acetylmuramic Acid Bioorthogonal Probes
Because T. forsythia cannot make the N-acetylmuramic acid (NAM) sugar needed for peptidoglycan biosynthesis on its own, it must scavenge.
Using N-Acetylmuramic Acid Bioorthogonal Probes to Examine Tannerella forsythia Peptidoglycan Recycling Pathways. The NAM recycling and peptidoglycan scavenging routes of T. forsythia and other cohabiting organisms will be investigated further using this strain. Here, we investigate the NAM uptake recycling ability of T. forsythia using a bioorthogonal alteration to its peptidoglycan that enables click-chemistry. With a bioorthogonal alteration of T. forsythia's peptidoglycan, we are able to insert TreAz into cell surface glycolipids and then bioorthogonal ligate it with alkyne-modified probes to illuminate K.; this allows us to examine the recycling capability of T. forsythia for NAM absorption. Investigating Peptidoglycan Recycling Pathways in Tannerella forsythia, Sharma, A., Grimes, C.L.
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Suppose gene A on the left chromosome is damaged and no longer functions. What form of the trait would show? Why?
An X-linked recessive gene almost never has a counterpart on the Y chromosome. Therefore excessive traits on the X chromosome
What is X-linked recessive chromosome?
Genetic disorders connected to mutations in genes on the X chromosome are referred to as having X-linked recessive inheritance. Because he contains just one X chromosome, a guy who carries this mutation will be impacted. A girl who carries a gene mutation in one X chromosome but has a normal gene on the other X chromosome usually has no symptoms. The disorder can only affect females (who have two X chromosomes) if there is a mutation on both X chromosomes. The daughters are often unaffected and are known as carriers because one of their X chromosomes has the mutation but the other one is normal if only the father or mother has the mutant X-linked gene. Sons will be impacted if their mother carries the faulty X-linked gene.
Hence, all about X chromosome
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the given statements concern the relationship between mitochondrial hydrogen ion concentration and energy storage as atp during oxidative phosphorylation. classify each statement as either accurate or inaccurate. you are currently in a sorting module. turn off browse mode or quick nav, tab to items, space or enter to pick up, tab to move, space or enter to drop. accurate statements inaccurate statements answer bank
Accurate Statements: - Increase in mitochondrial hydrogen ion concentration is required for energy storage as ATP during oxidative phosphorylation.
A decrease in mitochondrial hydrogen ion concentration is required for energy storage as ATP during oxidative phosphorylation. During electron transport, energy is used to pump hydrogen ions across the mitochondrial inner membrane from the matrix to the intermembrane space. A chemiosmotic gradient forces hydrogen ions to flow back through the mitochondrial membrane into the matrix by ATP synthase. ATP is produced because the inner mitochondrial membrane is impermeable to protons. Therefore, H+ ions cannot cross the mitochondrial inner membrane back to the matrix. Creates and maintains a proton gradient across the mitochondrial inner membrane.
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dooley co. had 200,000 shares of common stock, 20,000 shares of convertible preferred stock, and $1,000,000 of 10% convertible bonds outstanding during 20a1. the preferred stock is convertible into 40,000 shares of common stock. during 20a1, dooley paid dividends of $ 1.20 per share on the common stock and $ 3.00 per share on the preferred stock. each $ 1,000 bond is convertible into 45 shares of common stock. the net income for 20a1 was $ 600,000 and the income tax rate was 30%. basic earnings per share for 20a1 is (rounded to nearest cent)
Basic earnings per share for 2015 is (rounded to the nearest penny) = 300,000 - (20,000 * 1.5) / 200,000 = 1.35
Diluted earnings per share for 2015 is (rounded to the nearest penny) = 300,000 + (500,000 .1 .7) / 200,000 + 22,500 + 40,000 = 1.28
In finance, stock (also known as capital stock) refers to all of the shares that make up a corporation's or company's ownership. A single share of stock represents fractional ownership of the corporation based on the total number of shares. If you're looking for a way to save money, this is the place to be. Not all stock is created equal; for example, certain classes of stock may be issued without voting rights, with enhanced voting rights, or with a specific priority to receive profits or liquidation proceeds before or after other classes of shareholders.
Stock can be purchased and sold privately or on stock exchanges, and such transactions are typically heavily regulated by governments in order to prevent fraud, protect investors, and benefit the overall economy. Stocks are deposited in electronic format with depositories, also known as Demat accounts. When a company issues new shares, the ownership and rights of existing shareholders are diluted in exchange for cash to sustain or grow the business. Companies can also buy back stock, which often lets investors recoup the initial investment plus capital gains from subsequent rises in stock price.
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Imagine a human disorder that is inherited as a dominant, X-linked trait. How would the frequency of this disorder vary between males and females? a. Males and females would display this disorder with equal frequency. b. Males would display this disorder with greater frequency than females. c. Females would display this disorder with greater frequency than males. d. Males would not display this disorder as it is on an X chromosome.
Answer:
Inherited disorders that are X-linked are passed down from parents to their children through the X chromosomes. Males have only one X chromosome, inherited from their mothers, and therefore only one copy of any X-linked disorder. In contrast, females have two X chromosomes, one inherited from each parent, and therefore have two copies of any X-linked disorder.
Because of this difference in the number of X chromosomes between males and females, the frequency of an X-linked disorder will vary between the two sexes. In particular, males will display the disorder with greater frequency than females. This is because males have only one copy of the disorder, and therefore will always display the disorder if they inherit it. In contrast, females may not display the disorder if they inherit a healthy copy of the X chromosome from one parent and a copy of the disorder from the other parent. Therefore, the correct answer is (B) Males would display this disorder with greater frequency than females.
Most people have observed it "rain" in the produce department of grocery stores, where water spra
green leafy vegetables from a misting system. How does this practice help to keep vegetables fresh
crisp?
A:Extra water creates a hypertonic solution around plant cells, which causes water to diffuse
the cell plasmolysing the cells.
B:Extra water creates a hypotonic solution around plant cells, which causes water to diffuse
the cell creating turgor pressure.
C: Extra water makes plants shiny, increasing the likelihood that consumers will purchase the
plants.
D:Extra water creates an isotonic solution around plant cells, which causes water to diffuse i
and out of the plant cells making them flaccid.
Answer:
B
Explanation:
B:Extra water creates a hypotonic solution around plant cells, which causes water to diffuse
the cell creating turgor pressure.
on the basis of molecular structure and bond polarity, which of the following compounds is most likely to have the greatest solubility in water?
[tex]NH_ 3[/tex]. [tex]NH_3[/tex] has a polar covalent bond, which means it has an uneven distribution of electrons, making it more soluble in water, which is also a polar molecule.
What is Bond polarity?
Bond polarity is the measure of the degree to which the electrons in a bond are attracted to one atom or the other. A polar bond is an unequal sharing of electrons between two atoms, while a non-polar bond is a more equal sharing. Polar bonds have a positive and negative charge, while non-polar bonds do not.
What are Electrons?
Electrons are particles that have a negative electrical charge. They are the main subatomic particles that make up atoms and are located in the electron cloud surrounding the nucleus. Electrons are responsible for chemical bonds between atoms and are involved in the transfer of energy.
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7) Which of the following best describes the complete sequence of steps occurring during every cycle of PCR?
I-The primers hybridize to the target DNA.
II-The mixture is heated to a high temperature to denature the double stranded target DNA.
III-Fresh DNA polymerase is added.
IV-DNA polymerase extends the primers to make a copy of the target DNA.
A) II, I, IV.
B) I, III, II, IV.
C) III, IV, I, II.
D) III, IV, II.
E) II, III, IV.
Option A. B) I, III, II, IV. best describes the complete sequence of steps occurring during every cycle of PCR.
Polymerase chain reaction (abbreviated PCR) is a laboratory method for swiftly producing (amplifying) millions to billions of copies of a particular section of DNA, that could then be studied in greater element.
PCR─denaturation, annealing, and extension─as shown inside the first cycle, and the exponential amplification of goal DNA with repeated cycling.Polymerase Chain reaction. PCR or Polymerase Chain response is a way utilized in molecular biology to create numerous copies of a sure DNA phase. This method changed into developed in 1983 by Kary Mullis, an American biochemist. PCR has made it possible to generate tens of millions of copies of a small phase of DNA.
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In horses, one which runs best in water (or in wet conditions) is called (WATER), and one which runs best in dry conditions is called (DRY). (WATER) is recessive to (DRY). A horse can also be either a trotter, which we will designate (GAIT), or a pacer, which we will designate (PACE). (PACE) is recessive to (GATE). We have mated two horses, a stallion named Halter-Man and a mare named Erlich-Mane. Halter-Man is a (WATER)(PACER), while Erlich-mane is a (DRY)(GAIT). One of Erlich-Mane’s parents was a (WATER)(PACER). What are the chances of Erlich-Mane and Halter-Man producing a (WATER)(GAIT) foal (that’s a baby horse, in case you didn’t know)?
Genetic inheritance the chances of Erlich-Mane and Halter-Man producing a (WATER)(GAIT) foal (that’s a baby horse, in case you didn’t know).
What is genetic inheritance?Genetic inheritance is defined as analyzes the generational transmission of specific inherited features. Evolutionary transformation requires genetic inheritance. It explains how genes are transmitted down across generations.
Palaminos are heterozygotes, meaning they have both the cream and the chestnut alleles. Some horses will be homozygous chestnut and some horses will be homozygous pale cream when heterozygotes are crossed with other heterozygotes.
Thus, genetic inheritance the chances of Erlich-Mane and Halter-Man producing a (WATER)(GAIT) foal (that’s a baby horse, in case you didn’t know).
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Which of the following would likely diffuse through the lipid bilayer of a plasma membrane most rapidly?
a) sucrose
b) an amino acid
c) O2
d) Na+
O2 would most likely diffuse through a plasma membrane's lipid bilayer quickly.
What is plasma used for in the body?Your blood's application level, called plasma, makes up 55% of the total volume of your blood. Plasma must move throughout the circulatory system in order to help your body heal from wounds, deliver nutrients, remove waste, and prevent infection.
What causes plasma to be a state of matter?In the substance known as plasma, a high number of electrons are free to move about among the atomic nuclei. The fourth state of material, after solid, liquid, and gas, has been alluded to as plasma. In a solid, liquid, or gas, the electrons often stick with the same atomic nucleus.
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identify the two microorganisms that cause meningoencephalitis and are accidental parasites that invade the body only under unusual circumstances.
Acanthamoeba and Naegleria fowleri are the two microorganisms that cause meningoencephalitis and are accidental parasites that invade the body only under unusual circumstances.
A microorganism, also referred to as a microbe, is a living thing with one or more tiny cells. Sixth-century BC texts, particularly those found in the Jain scriptures of India, show skepticism toward the likelihood of microscopic life. Microorganisms had only recently been the subject of scientific investigation when Anton van Leeuwenhoek made his initial observations of them with a microscope in the 1670s. The idea of spontaneous creation was refuted by Louis Pasteur's discovery in the 1850s that germs caused food degradation. Cholera, diphtheria, tuberculosis, and anthrax were all brought on by bacteria, as Robert Koch found in the 1880s.
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What is the term for the remains of a once-living organism?
O A. Code
OB. Evolution
OC. Sequence
OD. Fossil
SUBI
The term for the remains of a once-living organism is "fossil." Fossils are typically found in sedimentary rock and can include the remains of plants, animals, and microorganisms. They can take many different forms, such as bones, teeth, shells, and even impressions of plants and animals in rock. Fossils are important because they provide evidence of the history of life on Earth and can help us understand how organisms evolved over time.
The term for the remains of a once-living organism is Fossil.
The Fossils are preserved remains of plants and animals, which were buried in land such as sand and mud, under ancient seas, lakes, rivers that existed during thousands of years ago.
Fossils are the remains or traces or remains of ancient life of a once-living organism and/or its behavior that have been preserved by natural processes. The branch of biology that deals with the study of fossils is called paleontology. The fossils are typically more than 10,000 years old.
These are some of the examples of fossils- bones, shells stone imprints of animals or microbes, exoskeletons, objects preserved in amber, petrified wood, hair, oil, coil and DNA remnants, etc.
There are two categories of the fossils - Body fossils represent all or part of the organism's body, whereas trace fossils show evidence of the organism's behavior.
There are four main types of fossils that are all formed in a different way, which are conducive to preserving different types of organisms. These are : 1) mold fossils
2) cast fossils
3) trace fossils and,
4) true form fossils.
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the pancreas has question 16 options: an endocrine portion consisting of acini. an exocrine portion consisting of pancreatic islets. the pancreatic duct, which carries digestive enzymes from the pancreas. the pancreatic duct, which empties into the jejunum. both an endocrine portion consisting of acini and an exocrine portion consisting of pancreatic islets.
Islet cells, also known as Langerhans islets, are found in the pancreas' endocrine system and are responsible for producing and releasing vital hormones into the blood.
What components make up pancreatic acini?Every pancreatic acinus consists from pyramidal-shaped acinar cells, with a large basal section and a narrow apical surface and surround a small central lumen.These acinar cells, which secrete digesting enzymes, are serous secretory cells.
Is the pancreatic an exocrine gland?There are two different types of glands in the pancreas: Exocrine. Digestive enzymes are secreted by the exocrine gland.The primary pancreatic duct is connected to a network other ducts where these enzymes are released.
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7) Corn has 10 chromosome pairs
a. What is the total number of chromosomes?
b. What is the number of chromosomes in the pollen and ovum?
c. What is the number of chromosomes pairs in the seeds?
8) Complete this chart
The corn has 10 pair of chromosome mean number of 20 chromosomes. The each gamete of sexual reproduction contain 10 chromosome. In the end seed have 20 chromosome number.
The number of chromosomal sets identified inside the nucleus is known as "ploidy." And the two that stand out the most are diploid and haploid, the latter of which has two sets of chromosomes—one from each parent—instead of one.
Only one set of chromosomes can be found in haploid cells. The most prevalent kind of haploid cells are gametes or sex cells. They are genetically varied and created through meiosis. When male and female haploid cells combine, a diploid cell is created during conception. Most animals are diploid, meaning each chromosome is found in two identical copies in each cell.
Hence, haploid nucleus contain n chromosome whereas diploid contains 2n chromosome.
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monkeys were_____ to develop a fear of fear-relevant stimuli, like toy snakes or a toy crocodile, as they were to fear-irrelevant stimuli, like flowers or a toy rabbit.
By observing another monkey exhibit fear of snakes, monkeys can acquire that phobia.
Are monkeys naturally afraid of snakes?Real, toy, and modeling snakes caused significant fear in the majority of monkeys raised in the wild, however most of those raised in laboratories only displayed extremely weak reactions. Lack of willingness to reach food on the snake's opposite side and behavioral disturbances were indicators of fear.
Is a fear of snakes something you can learn?According to David Rakison, a social psychologist at Carnegie Mellon who studies early child development, "the current experiment, and even no contractor shall submit, has provided proof that fear of snake or spiders is intrinsic."
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phase 1 of the evolution of life on earth was . phase 2 was the formation of self-replicating, information-containing molecules.
The first stage of the origin of life on earth was the formation of carbon and hydrogen-containing macromolecules.
An organic microsystem must leave its current stable state in the first stage of the succession due to a considerable change in the external conditions before transitioning to a new stable state via the unstable critical (bifurcation) point. The microsystem gains the original characteristics necessary for life to exist at the bifurcation point (self-maintaining heterogeneous structure, incessant fluctuations, rearrangement of molecules, exchange with the surroundings by matter and energy, etc.). Through balanced oscillations around the bifurcation point, its unstable state stabilizes somewhat during the second stage, giving rise to the paradoxical state of "stabilized instability."
The network of chemical processes undergoes a fundamental change in the third stage, as the contribution from free energy starts to outweigh that from entropy. The ability to focus free energy and information, enhanced resistance to outside stimuli, expeditious behavior, and persistent self-improvement are the essential characteristics of biological organization that emerge at this stage. Such successive transformations of biological matter took place in the fluid hydrothermal medium of the early Earth. New approaches are proposed for theoretical and experimental inquiry in the area of the beginning of life.
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the first suggestion that chromosomes may physically exchange segments came from the microscopic identification of
The microscopic detection of synapsis led to the first hypothesis that chromosomes might physically exchange portions.
The Chromosomal Theory of Inheritance, which asserts that genes are located on chromosomes at specified positions, advances our understanding of genetics. The roles and locations of alleles have been determined by scientists based on this notion. Recombination between homologs. Before the first division of meiosis, at the chiasmata, when chromatids come in contact with one another and may exchange segments, Frans Janssen made his observations in 1909. He proposed that chromosomes physically interchange parts and alleles become dissociated. According to the chromosome theory of inheritance, genes on chromosomes consistently passed by gametes regulate inherited features, sustaining genetic continuity from generation to generation. Mendel's observations and the chromosomal theory of heredity concur.
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is the liquid portion of blood in which blood cells are suspended. contains albumin and globulins. is mostly water. contains fibrinogen. all of these choices are correct.
Plasma is the liquid portion of blood in which blood cells are suspended, contains albumin and globulins, is mostly water and contains fibrinogen. So, option e)all of these choices are correct.
Plasma can be characterized as an extracellular and fluid piece of blood, which is straightforward and light yellow or straw-shaded. It is mostly made out of coagulating factors and other protein particles. In general, plasma comprises 50 to 55 percent of absolute blood volume. Plasma in blood mostly contains 80 to 90 percent of water and the other 10% is made out of salts, lipids, supplements, chemicals and chemicals.
Plasma in blood contains proteins, immunoglobulin, thickening variables and fibrinogen. This protein helps in coagulation factors and furthermore keeps up with serum osmotic pressure.
Blood plasma contains proteins known as blood proteins or plasma proteins. They perform many undertakings, for example, moving chemicals, lipids, nutrients, and minerals for resistant framework enactment. Other plasma proteins capability as protease inhibitors, supplement parts, compounds, or forerunners to kinin.
Hence, all options are correct.
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(Complete question) is:
Plasma select one: a. Is the liquid portion of blood in which blood cells are suspended. b. Is mostly water. c. Contains albumin and globulins. d. Contains fibrinogen. e. All of the choices are correct