at the end of glycolysis, in what molecule(s) can one not find the energy that was contained in the chemical bonds of glucose? select all that apply.

Answer:

Temperature <3

Explanation:

Since it's use to measure kinetic energy, have a nice day! :)

As a result, the photon's wavelength (measured in nanometers) is equal to 1874 nm when the hydrogen atom's electron switches from the n = 4 state to the n = 3 state.

The electromagnetic force is carried by a photon, a basic particle that is a quantum of the electromagnetic field and includes electromagnetic radiation like light and radio waves. Due to their lack of mass, photons always travel at the speed of light in a vacuum, which is 299792458 m/s (or 186,282 mi/s). The photon is a member of the boson family. According to Planck, a material object's energy should be thought of as consisting of an integer number of discrete, equal-sized pieces. Einstein proposed that light itself may explain the photoelectric effect.

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Among the given compounds, CO₂ is a compound that is not ionic.

In this question, we have been given four compounds - CaCl₂, CO₂, (NH₄)₂O, and NaI and among these four compounds, we have to tell which compound is not ionic.

A compound can be ionic or covalent. And the compound which is not ionic is also called a covalent compound.

So let us comment on each compound one by one.

CaCl₂ - It is an ionic compound because it is a compound formed between a metal and a non-metal. As a general rule, any compound formed between a metal and a nonmetal is called an ionic compound and a compound between a nonmetal and a nonmetal is called a covalent compound.

(NH₄)₂O - Though this is a compound containing no metallic element, it is still an ionic compound.  NH₄⁺ is an ion, though still a nonmetal. We should remember that NH₄ compounds are exceptions to this rule. All compounds of NH₄ are actually ionic. Hence (NH₄)₂O is an ionic compound.

NaI - It is again a compound made of a metal and a nonmetal. Hence, according to the rule stated above, it is an ionic compound.

CO₂ - It is a compound made of a nonmetal and a nonmetal. Therefore, it is a covalent compound

Hence, among the above-given compounds, CO₂ is a covalent compound.

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The redox reaction which would most likely occur if silver and zinc metal were added to a solution that contained silver and zinc is Zn + Ag[tex]^+[/tex] [tex]\rightarrow[/tex]Zn[tex]^2+[/tex] + 2 Ag .

Redox reactions comprise of two parts a reduced part and an oxidized part, which occur simultaneously . The part which is reduced gain electrons and hence there is a increase in oxidation state of the species.

While, the part which is oxidized looses electrons and hence there is a decrease in oxidation state of the species.During redox reactions, there is no net change in the number of electrons . Electrons which are given off in oxidation are used up in reduction.

The ion or molecule which accepts electrons is called as oxidizing agent while the ion or molecule which donates electrons is called as a reducing agent.

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The ph for each of the cases in the titration of 50.0 ml of 0.190 m hclo(aq) with 0.190 m koh(aq) is 10.1878.

Case 1  when 0.0 mL of KOH is added Ph is 4.0596

Case 2  when 25.0 mL of KOH is added Ph is 7.398

Case 3  when 35.0 mL of KOH is added Ph is 7.766

Case 4  when 50.0 mL of KOH is added Ph is 10.1878

Case 5  when 60.0 mL of KOH is added Ph is 12.2374

Calculation :

1) .when 0.0 mL of KOH is added

HClO dissociates as:

HClO          ----->     H+   +  ClO-

0.19                 0         0

0.19-x               x         x

Ka = [H+][ClO-]/[HClO]

Ka = x*x/(c-x)

Assuming x can be ignored as compared to c

So, above expression becomes

Ka = x*x/(c)

so, x = sqrt (Ka*c)

x = sqrt ((4*10^-8)*0.19) = 8.718*10^-5

since c is much greater than x, our assumption is correct

so, x = 8.718*10^-5 M

use

pH = -log [H+]

= -log (8.718*10^-5)

= 4.0596

2)when 25.0 mL of KOH is added

Given:

M(HClO) = 0.19 M

V(HClO) = 50 mL

M(KOH) = 0.19 M

V(KOH) = 25 mL

mol(HClO) = M(HClO) * V(HClO)

mol(HClO) = 0.19 M * 50 mL = 9.5 mmol

mol(KOH) = M(KOH) * V(KOH)

mol(KOH) = 0.19 M * 25 mL = 4.75 mmol

We have:

mol(HClO) = 9.5 mmol

mol(KOH) = 4.75 mmol

4.75 mmol of both will react

excess HClO remaining = 4.75 mmol

Volume of Solution = 50 + 25 = 75 mL

[HClO] = 4.75 mmol/75 mL = 0.0633M

[ClO-] = 4.75/75 = 0.0633M

They form acidic buffer

acid is HClO

conjugate base is ClO-

Ka = 4*10^-8

pKa = - log (Ka)

= - log(4*10^-8)

= 7.398

use:

pH = pKa + log {[conjugate base]/[acid]}

= 7.398+ log {6.333*10^-2/6.333*10^-2}

= 7.398

3)when 35.0 mL of KOH is added

Given:

M(HClO) = 0.19 M

V(HClO) = 50 mL

M(KOH) = 0.19 M

V(KOH) = 35 mL

mol(HClO) = M(HClO) * V(HClO)

mol(HClO) = 0.19 M * 50 mL = 9.5 mmol

mol(KOH) = M(KOH) * V(KOH)

mol(KOH) = 0.19 M * 35 mL = 6.65 mmol

We have:

mol(HClO) = 9.5 mmol

mol(KOH) = 6.65 mmol

6.65 mmol of both will react

excess HClO remaining = 2.85 mmol

Volume of Solution = 50 + 35 = 85 mL

[HClO] = 2.85 mmol/85 mL = 0.0335M

[ClO-] = 6.65/85 = 0.0782M

They form acidic buffer

acid is HClO

conjugate base is ClO-

a = 4*10^-8

pKa = - log (Ka)

= - log(4*10^-8)= 7.398

use:

pH = pKa + log {[conjugate base]/[acid]}

= 7.398+ log {7.824*10^-2/3.353*10^-2}

= 7.766

4)when 50.0 mL of KOH is added

Given:

M(HClO) = 0.19 M

V(HClO) = 50 mL

M(KOH) = 0.19 M

V(KOH) = 50 mL

mol(HClO) = M(HClO) * V(HClO)

mol(HClO) = 0.19 M * 50 mL = 9.5 mmol

mol(KOH) = M(KOH) * V(KOH)

mol(KOH) = 0.19 M * 50 mL = 9.5 mmol

We have:

mol(HClO) = 9.5 mmol

mol(KOH) = 9.5 mmol

9.5 mmol  of both will react to form ClO- and H2O

ClO- here is strong base

ClO- formed = 9.5 mmol

Volume of Solution = 50 + 50 = 100 mL

Kb of ClO- = Kw/Ka =  1*10^-14/4*10^-8 = 2.5*10^-7

concentration ofClO-,c = 9.5 mmol/100 mL = 0.095M

ClO- dissociates as

ClO-        + H2O   ----->     HClO  +   OH-

0.095                        0         0

0.095-x                      x         x

Kb = [HClO][OH-]/[ClO-]

Kb = x*x/(c-x)

Assuming x can be ignored as compared to c

So, above expression becomes

Kb = x*x/(c)

so, x = sqrt (Kb*c)

x = sqrt ((2.5*10^-7)*9.5*10^-2) = 1.541*10^-4

since c is much greater than x, our assumption is correct

so, x = 1.541*10^-4 M

[OH-] = x = 1.541*10^-4 M

use:

pOH = -log [OH-]

= -log (1.541*10^-4)

= 3.8122

use:

PH = 14 - pOH

= 14 - 3.8122

= 10.1878

5)when 60.0 mL of KOH is added

Given:

M(HClO) = 0.19 M

V(HClO) = 50 mL

M(KOH) = 0.19 M

V(KOH) = 60 mL

mol(HClO) = M(HClO) * V(HClO)

mol(HClO) = 0.19 M * 50 mL = 9.5 mmol

mol(KOH) = M(KOH) * V(KOH)

mol(KOH) = 0.19 M * 60 mL = 11.4 mmol

We have:

mol(HClO) = 9.5 mmol

mol(KOH) = 11.4 mmol

9.5 mmol of both will react

excess KOH remaining = 1.9 mmol

Volume of Solution = 50 + 60 = 110 mL

[OH-] = 1.9 mmol/110 mL = 0.0173 M

use:

pOH = -log [OH-]

= -log (1.727*10^-2)

= 1.7626

use:

PH = 14 - pOH

= 14 - 1.7626

= 12.2374

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At constant pressure, a volume of methane gas is heated from to. The gas has a final volume of 44.1 L.

Methane is a colorless gas with no discernible odor. Due to overtone bands, it does absorb visible light, especially at the red end of the spectrum, although the impact is only apparent if the light path is very lengthy.Since pressure is constant, it also cancels with n and r when using the equation v1/t1 = v2/t2 and the law pv=nrT. demonstrate that t1 = 25 + 273.15; t2 = 88 + 273.15; and v1 = 36.4. 273.15 is the Kelvin conversion. then figure out v2. It contains 44.1 L.

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complete question

A 36.4-l volume of methane gas is heated from 25°c to 88°c at constant pressure. what is the final volume of the gas?

An electron will not posses  the quantum numbers n = 1, l = 1, ml = 1.

Quantum numbers may be the number sequence utilized to express the location and velocity of an electron within an atom. The primary, azimuthal, magnetic, as well as spin quantum numbers are just the four types of quantum numbers.

Wolfgang Pauli established the Pauli Exclusion Principle in 1926, which states that each electron has a special combination of quantum numbers. In other words, the values of n, l, ml, and ms cannot be like for pair of electrons.

-- The given question is incomplete, the complete question is:

"An electron cannot have the quantum numbers__"n = ________, l = ________, ml = ________.

A) 2, 0, 0

B) 2, 1, -1

C) 3, 1, -1

D) 1, 1, 1

E) 3, 2, 1" --

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The formula for a polysaccharide that consists of five monosaccharides joined together by dehydration synthesis is D. C30H52O26.

Polysaccharides are complex carbohydrates made up of long chains of monosaccharides, or simple sugars, linked together by glycosidic bonds. Dehydration synthesis, also known as condensation, is a chemical reaction in which two molecules are joined together by the loss of a water molecule, resulting in the formation of a covalent bond.

The formula C30H52O26 represents a polysaccharide that consists of five monosaccharides with the formula C6H12O6, which is the formula for glucose. When monosaccharides are joined together through dehydration synthesis, the resulting polysaccharide has a formula that is a multiple of the monosaccharide formula. In this case, the polysaccharide consists of five monosaccharides, so its formula is 5 times the formula for a single monosaccharide, or 5 x C6H12O6 = C30H52O26.

A. C6H12O6 is the formula for a single monosaccharide, such as glucose.

B. CaOH.C is not a valid chemical formula.

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The formula for a polysaccharide that consists of five monosaccharides joined together by dehydration synthesis is D. C30H52O26.

Polysaccharides are complex carbohydrates made up of long chains of monosaccharides, or simple sugars, linked together by glycosidic bonds. Dehydration synthesis, also known as condensation, is a chemical reaction in which two molecules are joined together by the loss of a water molecule, resulting in the formation of a covalent bond.

The formula C30H52O26 represents a polysaccharide that consists of five monosaccharides with the formula C6H12O6, which is the formula for glucose. When monosaccharides are joined together through dehydration synthesis, the resulting polysaccharide has a formula that is a multiple of the monosaccharide formula. In this case, the polysaccharide consists of five monosaccharides, so its formula is 5 times the formula for a single monosaccharide, or 5 x C6H12O6 = C30H52O26.

A. C6H12O6 is the formula for a single monosaccharide, such as glucose.

B. CaOH.C is not a valid chemical formula.

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Answer:

Explanation:

as we know in a face-centered unit each atom give1/2 a portion at the face

and fully atom involvement at center therefore  

1/2( total face of cube )+ 1(centre)

1/2 ×6 + 1

3+ 1

4 atoms per cell

The Molarity of the ethanoic acid in Vinegar is 0.83 M. This is calculated using the expression for molarity.

Molarity is used for expressing how much solute is present per unit volume of solution.

           Molarity (M)=n / V,

 where n is moles of solute and V is volume of solution in liters.

The mass percentage of ethanoic acid in vinegar is 5.00%.

This suggests that for 100 g of vinegar, 5 g of it is ethanoic acid and 95 g of it is water.

We also know that the molar mass of ethanoic acid is 60.052 g/mol.

let us consider 100 g of vinegar. For finding the molarity of ethanoic acid in vinegar, we need to find the number of moles of ethanoic acid and the volume of vinegar.

Moles of ethanoic acid in 100 g of vinegar,

n=Given mass of ethanoic acid / Molar mass of ethanoic acid

   = 5 gram / 60.052 g/ mole

   = 0.083 mole

so, the molarity of ethanoic acid is,

molarity = 0.083 mole / 0.1 L

             = 0.83 M

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Answer: the constant process of photosythesis

Explanation:

it say in the etxt book

The skeleton equation of the reaction of Tin oxide and hydrogen:

[tex]SnO_2 + H_2\longrightarrow Sn + H_2O[/tex]

Balanced equation:

[tex]SnO_2 + 2H_2\longrightarrow Sn + 2H_2O[/tex]

Tin (Sn) can be defined as an unreactive metal. When tin dioxide and hydrogen gas react with each other, metallic tin and water are formed.

Sn is not very reactive in comparison with the other elements in its own group, it is more reactive than Ge, which lies just above it in the group. It is unaffected by water or air at room temperature. Sn is anti-corrosive and therefore applied as a coating to protect metals.

When tin dioxide (SnO₂) is placed into a bottle of hydrogen gas. The balanced chemical equation for the chemical reaction is as follows:

[tex]SnO_2 + 2H_2\longrightarrow Sn + 2H_2O[/tex]

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These are some of the important functions of the cytokinesis hormone in plants :-

Cytokinesis is a group of growth regulators that is found in plants. It helps in performing cell divison of plant roots, and shoot system. It also helps in promoting the cell's growth, development, flowering, and seed formation.

It helps in the protein production which is important for mitosis. It provides resistance against certain diseases causing bacteria in crops. It mainly contains Nitrogen, Hydrogen, and a few atoms of oxygen in its structure.

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The options for the function of cytokinesis should be:

(A) performing cell division in plant roots

(B) shoot system

(C) promoting the cell’s growth, development

(D) All of these

Answer - (D) All of these

The pH will decrease if more acid, such as a small amount of HCl, is added to the buffer system. To dissolve 246.1 g of sodium acetate, combine it with 500 mL of deionized water.

The pH can be increased to 5.2 by using glacial acetic acid. It is advisable to let the solution cool over night. You can increase the pH by one more point to 5.2 by using glacial acetic acid. By adding sodium from the conjugate base, a weak acid solution's pH can be raised. This makes sense because adding a base should increase the pH of a weak acid sodium solution, and sodium acetate is a basic.

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The freezing point of water after NaCl has been dissolved in it is determined to be - 0.26°C. This solution has a 0.02 mol molarity.

The molality is the proportion of solute, in your case sodium chloride, NaCl, to solvent, in this case water, expressed as the number of moles per kilogram.

Utilizing the substance's molar mass will allow you to determine how many moles of sodium chloride are present in the sample. 25g = 1 mole of NaCl; 58.44g = 0.42 moles of NaCl

You then understand that you are dissolving many moles of sodium chloride in 20 kg of water.

To determine how many moles of solute are present in 1 kilogram of water, utilize the composition of this solution.

0.428 moles of NaCl per kilogram of water. 20 kg water

= 0.0214 moles of sodium chloride

= 0.02 mol

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As per Markovnikov's rule, the hydrogen in HOH (water) adds to the carbon in the double bond (C): that has a greater number of H atoms attached.

Markovnikov's law states that when an asymmetrical reagent is added to an asymmetrical alkene, the negative half of the reagent is attached to the carbon atom containing fewer hydrogen atoms. To put it simply, Markovnikov's rule states that hydrogen is added to the carbon with the greater number of hydrogens and the halide is added to the carbon with the least hydrogens.

An example of a reaction that observes Markovnikov's rule is that in HOH, hydrogen attaches itself to the carbon having more hydrogen substituents.

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Answer:

b. h and o are likely to form covalent bond

The amount of heat released is 105.41 kJ which is calculated by determining the limiting reactant.

The complete chemical reaction is:

2CO(g)+O2(g)---> 2CO2(g)

Volume of CO= 36.8 L

Mole of CO= 1/22.4 Lx 36.8 L=1.6428 moles

Volume of O2= 4.9 L

Mole of O2=1/22.4 Lx 4.9 L=0.2187 moles

The formation of products is dependent on the number of reactants. The reactant that is consumed first is known as the limiting reactant, when this reactant is consumed completely, then there will be no more formation of products.

The limiting reactant is found out by dividing with stoichiometry coefficients.

CO= 1.6428/2=0.8214

O2=0.2187/1=0.2187

Therefore, the limiting reactant is O2.

If 1 moles of O2 produce 482 kJ heat.

Then, 0.2187 of O2 will produce 4.82x0.2187=105.41 kJ heat.

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The mass of sodium sulfate required to form 250mL of a solution in which the concentration of sodium ion is 0.183M is 6.53 grams.

The mass of a substance can be calculated by multiplying the number of moles in the substance by its molar mass as follows:

Mass = no of moles × molar mass

However, according to this question, sodium sulfate is has a solution with volume 250mL with a concentration of sodium ions of 0.183M. The no of moles must first be calculated as follows:

moles = 0.183 × 0.250 = 0.046moles

Mass of sodium sulfate = 0.046 × 142.04 g/mol = 6.53 grams.

Therefore, 6.53 grams is the mass of the sodium sulfate solution.

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The mass of sodium sulfate required to form 250 mL of solution in which the concentration of sodium ions is 0.183 would be  3.25 grams.

Sodium sulfate is made up of sodium and sulfate ions according to the following equation:

[tex]Na_2SO_4 --- > 2Na^+ + SO_4^2^-[/tex]

From the equation above, a mole of sodium sulfate is made from 2 moles of sodium ions and 1 mole of sulfate ions.

Recall that: mole = molarity x volume

The mole of 0.183 M sodium ion in 250 mL os solution would be:

0.250 x 0.183 =  0.04575 mol

The equivalent mole of sodium sulfate would be:

0.04575/2 = 0.022875 mol

Recall that: mass = mole x molar mass

The molar mass of sodium sulfate is 142.04 g/mol

Mass of 0.022875 mol sodium sulfate = 0.022875 x 142.04

                                                                = 3.249165 grams

3.249165 grams to 3 significant figures = 3.25 grams.

Thus, the mass of sodium sulfate required would be 3.25 grams.

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The mass of ammonia gas used in kg would be  1.02 kg..

Nitric (V) acid and ammonia gas react to form fertilizer according to the following balanced chemical equation:

[tex]HNO_3 + NH_3 -- > NH_4NO_3[/tex]

From the equation, the ratio of the ammonium nitrate produced to the ammonia gas used is 1:1.

The molar mass of [tex]NH_4NO_3[/tex] = 14 + 4 + 14 + 48 = 80 g/mol

Mole of 4800 kg  [tex]NH_4NO_3[/tex] = 4800/80 = 60 mol

Thus, the equivalent amount of ammonia that needs to react will also be 60 mol.

Molar mass of amonnia = 14 + 3 = 17 g/mol

Mass of 60 mol ammonia = 60 x 17

                                           = 1020 grams

1020 grams = 1020/1000

                    = 1.02 kg

In other words, the mass of ammonia gas used would be 1.02 kg.

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Answer:

52.25 grams of oxygen are produced.

Explanation:

When 34.5 g of potassium chlorate (KClO3) decomposes, it produces oxygen gas according to the following chemical equation:

2 KClO3 -> 2 KCl + 3 O2

This means that for every 2 grams of potassium chlorate that decomposes, 3 grams of oxygen gas are produced. In the case of 34.5 grams of potassium chlorate, this would produce 3 * 34.5/2 = 52.25 grams of oxygen. Therefore, when 34.5 g of KClO3 decomposes, 52.25 grams of oxygen are produced.

The "chlorogenic acids" that give coffee its bitter flavor are these substances. responsible for coffee's harsh taste

How healthy is coffee?

A proper nutrition may for the majority of folks incorporate moderate coffee consumption. Hu found a link between drinking 2 to 5 cups of coffee per day and a lower risk of gynecological, type 2 diabetes, heart disease, as well as liver illness.

The healthiest coffee is which one?

Black, freshly prepared cappuccino is the best option. One cup has very little calories, carbohydrates, or fat, and very little salt. Niacin, potassium, and magnesium are among the micronutrients included in black cappuccino.

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Molarity x volume = 0.585 M x 39.29 mL = 22.984 mmol

At half equivalence point, half of base is neutralized.

Amount of methylamine neutralized: 22.984 /2 = 11.492 mmol

Volume = moles/ molarity = 11.492mmol/0.644M = 17.84mL

We divide the total number of moles of solute by the sum of the solution's liters to determine the molarity of the solution. A chemical species' concentration in a solution, specifically the volume of a solute per unit volume of solution, is measured by its molar concentration. The number of moles per liter is the most often used unit for molarity in chemistry.

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The thermodynamic equilibrium constant In a chemical equilibrium, K is the appropriate quotient of species activities. At normal temperatures and pressures, an activity cannot be very many orders of magnitude more than one.

The definition of thermodynamic properties is "system characteristics that can specify the state of the system." Some constants, like R, are not attributes since they do not describe the state of a system. Thermodynamics states that the conversion of diamond to graphite occurs spontaneously and is favourable. However, this reaction moves extremely slowly because kinetics, not thermodynamics, regulates it. As a result, diamond is thermodynamically unstable but kinetically stable. An axiomatic idea in thermodynamics is the concept of equilibrium. One thermodynamic system's internal state, or a relationship between numerous thermodynamic systems, is what it is.

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The statement 'reactive oxygen intermediates and reactive nitrogen intermediates produced by phagocytic cells are effective in killing invading microorganisms' is true.

Phagocytic cells are the kind of cells that consume or destroy microorganisms by producing substances that are harmful to them, according to the study of biology.

The phagocytic cells produce oxygen and nitrogen intermediates, and these intermediates are reactive enough to bind to the chemicals in the microbe and inhibit their function. The microorganism dies when its activities are impeded to the point where it is unable to carry out the fundamental functions of life. Thus, the above statement is accurate.

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Wavelength is the space among equal points (adjoining crests) withinside the adjoining cycles of a waveform sign propagated in area or alongside a wire. The wavelength is 656nm for the hydrogen.

In the photon electricity is inversely proportional to the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave. The shorter the wavelength, the greater lively is the photon, the longer the wavelength, the much less lively is the photon. Photons may be created and destroyed whilst maintaining electricity and momentum.

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The vapor pressure of a substance is 241 Torr that can be calculated using Clausius-Clapeyron relation.

The Clausius-Clapeyron relation is used to characterize a discontinuous phase transition between two phases of the same constituent such as ice. The plot is drawn between 1/T vs ln P.

This equation can be expressed as follows:

ln(P2/P1) = (-ΔHvap/ R)*((1/T2) - (1/T1))

Where T1 is initial temperature, in our case it is normal boiling point = 84oC = 357 K

T2 is final temperature, in our case it is 36oC = 309 K

We know that at normal boiling point the vapor pressure of the substance become equal to the atmospheric pressure = 1 atm.

So P1 = 1 atm. according to our approach to the question.

Now enthalpy of vaporization is given = 22.1 kJ = 22100 J

Now put it in Clausius Clapeyron equation and we will get

ln(P2/ 1 atm.) = (-22100 J / 8.314 J/K-mole)*((1/309 K) - (1/357 K))

P2 /0.317 atm=0.317 x 760 torr = 241 torr

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Isoelectronic sequence, from smallest to largest radius: Na+, O2, F, Al3+, Mg2+. The ionic radii of isoelectronic species increase as the magnitudes of nuclear charge decrease.

'what is ionic radii?'

The ionic radius is the distance from an ions nucleus that it can influence its electron cloud.

Ions are produced when an atom gets or loses electrons. When an electron is lost, an atom becomes a cation, and when an electron is acquired, an anion. The ionic radius is the distance between an ion's nucleus and its outermost shell.

The atomic size of a cation will be less than that of its parent atom. An ion's size is often larger than that of its parent atom.

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70/ 2(t/30) mg is the mass that remains after t years, the half-life of cesium-137 is 30 years. suppose we have a 70-mg sample.

Now we have to calculate the mass that remains after 't' years.

As we are given that,

a o= 70 mg

t 1/2= 30 years

Now put all the given values in formula , we get:

a=a0/2(t/t/2)

a= 70/2(t/30) mg

The delicate, golden-colored metal caesium is immediately attacked by air and reacts violently with water. As a drilling fluid, caesium compounds are most frequently used. Additionally, they are employed to produce special optical glass, as a catalytic promoter, in vacuum tubes, and radiation detection apparatus. The universal time standard is also a result of cesium isotopes. Because of this, they are utilised in atomic clocks for cell phone networks, the internet, GPS, and aviation guiding systems.

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