assume that a 1.00-kg ball is thrown solely by the action of the forearm, which rotates about the elbow joint under the action of the triceps muscle, the figure. the ball is accelerated uniformly from rest to 8.1 m/s in 0.38 s , at which point it is released. assume that the forearm has a mass of 3.7 kg and rotates like a uniform rod about an axis at its end. neglect gravity.

The photosphere has a temperature of approximately 5,800 k.

The photosphere is the deepest layer of the Sun that we are able to directly observe. It extends about 250 miles (400 km) above the solar disk's visible surface at its center.

The level of the solar atmosphere from which we receive light and heat is called the visible photosphere, also known as the sphere of light, and it is the area that is visible to human eyes. Above the apparent sharp edge of the photosphere, there is a thin chromosphere and a large corona.

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Throughout the compression process, the gas' internal thermal energy remains constant.

The temperature of the gas stays constant during an ideal gas's isothermal expansion. This implies that the ideal gas's temperature cannot change because it is constant. The internal energy of the ideal gas system is therefore said to be constant and to have remained the same during the isothermal expansion.

The rise in energy is proportional to an increase in the amount of gas if an ideal gas is employed in an isochoric process and the gas quantity remains constant.

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Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas that is released into the atmosphere through various human activities, including the burning of fossil fuels. When fossil fuels are burned, they release large amounts of carbon dioxide into the air, which can trap heat and contribute to climate change.

Driving less can decrease the amount of carbon dioxide in the air because it reduces the amount of fossil fuels that are burned. When people drive less, they use less fuel, which means that fewer fossil fuels are burned and less carbon dioxide is released into the atmosphere.

In addition, driving less can also encourage the use of alternative forms of transportation, such as public transportation, biking, or walking. These forms of transportation typically emit less carbon dioxide than cars, which can further reduce the amount of carbon dioxide in the air.

Overall, driving less is an effective way to decrease the amount of carbon dioxide in the air, which can help to combat climate change and protect the environment.

Kepler hypothesized the direction of the forces was A. along their directions of travel.

Johannes Kepler was a renowned astronomer known for his laws that he formulated on the planetary motion.

When Newton was of the view that the direction of forces on the plant was opposite to the direction of their travel, it was Kepler who hypothesized that the direction of different forces that acted on a planet was along the direction of their travel.

Further studies revealed that different kind of forces acted on the planet. Some of the forces were along the direction of travel whereas there were others that were against the direction of travel.

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Heat transfer in to engine 20Kj

Work done by heat engine W = 12Kj

Heat transfer to environment is Qc = 8kj

(a) Heat transfer in to engine

Qh = W + Qc = 12kj + 8 kj = 20Kj

Thermal engineering's field of study known as "heat transfer" deals with the production, application, conversion, and exchange of thermal energy (heat) across physical systems. The classification of heat transmission into different methods includes thermal conduction, thermal convection, thermal radiation, and energy transfer by phase changes. Engineers also take into account the advection of mass, either hot or cold, made up of various chemical species while attempting to transfer heat. Even though these mechanisms have unique traits, they frequently take place at the same time in the same system.

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In order to determine the angle of refraction, we first need to determine the index of refraction of the mineral oil. The index of refraction is defined as the ratio of the speed of light in a vacuum to the speed of light in the medium, so we can calculate the index of refraction of the mineral oil using the formula:

n = c / v

where n is the index of refraction, c is the speed of light in a vacuum (2.99 x 108 m/s), and v is the speed of light in the mineral oil (2.17 x 108 m/s). Plugging in the given values, we get:

n = 2.99 x 108 m/s / 2.17 x 108 m/s = 1.38

Now that we know the index of refraction of the mineral oil, we can use Snell's Law to calculate the angle of refraction. Snell's Law states that the ratio of the sines of the angles of incidence and refraction is equal to the reciprocal of the index of refraction, so we can use the formula:

sin(θi) / sin(θr) = n

where θi is the angle of incidence (23.1°), θr is the angle of refraction, and n is the index of refraction (1.38). Solving for θr, we get:

sin(θr) = sin(θi) / n

Plugging in the given values, we get:

sin(θr) = sin(23.1°) / 1.38 = 0.4

Since the sine of the angle of refraction must be between 0 and 1, we know that the angle of refraction must be less than 90°. To find the exact value of the angle of refraction, we can use the inverse sine function (arcsin) to find the angle whose sine is equal to 0.4. This gives us:

θr = arcsin(0.4) = 23.8°

Therefore, the angle of refraction is 23.8°.

a)  let k be combined spring constant...

    F = kx

    k = F/x = 78.2*9.81/0.0637 = 12043.045 N/m

    so,

    spring constant for each spring = 1/2*12043.045 = 6021.52 N/m

b)  w=2*pi/T = 2*pi/1.29 = 4.87 rad/s

    so,

    w=sqrt(k/m)

    m = k/w^2 = 12043.045/4.87^2 = 507.78 kg

    so, mass of trailer = m-mass of children = 507.78-78.2 = 429.58 kg

c)  frequency of the oscillation = 1/T = 1/1.29 = 0.775 Hz

d)  time it takes for the trailer to bounce up and down 10 times = 10*T =     10*1.29 = 12.9 s

Oscillation is defined as the process of repeating fluctuations of a quantity or measure around its time equilibrium value. Oscillation can also be defined as the periodic variation of matter between two values ​​or about their average.

The term vibration describes the mechanical vibration of an object. However, vibrations also occur in dynamic systems. More precisely, it occurs in all areas of science. Even our heartbeats produce vibrations. Objects that move around the equilibrium point are called oscillators.

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The graph representation is attached below:

What is a graph?

A graph can be defined as a pictorial representation or a diagram that represents data or values in an organized manner.

In the common case where x and f(x) are real numbers, these graph pairs are Cartesian coordinates of points in two-dimensional space and thus form a subset of this plane.

The range in the graph is the set of possible output values, which are shown on the y-axis.

Therefore, The graph shows the inches of snow on the ground over time as Anna collected the snow.

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As a result, the pressure in atm is equal to 0.0400atm and the barometric pressure in torr is 773.43 torr.

In a nutshell, barometric pressure is the measurement of air pressure in the atmosphere, more precisely, the measurement of the force that air molecules exert at a specific location on Earth. Wherever the reading is taken, the barometric pressure is always different since it is always fluctuating.

Our bodies experience increased pressure from high barometric pressure, which limits how much tissues can expand. On the other side, when the air pressure in the atmosphere is low, our body's tissues can expand more, which increases pressure on our nerves and other body parts.

Low barometric pressure can make your body's tissues bulge and irritate sensitive nerves. It causes discomfort in the joints by causing your muscles, tendons, and any scar tissue to contract and expand.

(A) Convert this pressure to torr:

Pressure (in inHg) = 30.45 inHg

Pressure (in torr) =?

The following steps can be used to convert 30.45 inHg to torr:

1 inHg = 25.4 torr

Therefore,

30.45 inHg = 30.45 inHg × 25.4 torr / 1 inHg

30.45 inhg = 773.43 torr

Thus, 30.45 inhg is equivalent to 773.43 torr

B) Convert this pressure to atm:

Therefore,

1atm=760mmHg

=30.45(1atm/760mmHg)

=0.0400atm

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Venus has a very hot, dense atmosphere. You couldn't breathe the atmosphere, you would be crushed under the weight of the atmosphere, and you would burn up in temperatures

on the surface that were hot enough to melt lead. After the Sun and the Moon, Venus is the brightest object in the sky. In the morning or evening sky, Venus can occasionally be mistaken for a bright star. The planet is comparable to Earth on the inside and is a tad smaller than Earth. Venus's surface is atmosphere by dense clouds, so we can't see it from Earth.

The NASA spacecraft Mariner 2 successfully flew by and examined Venus, the first planet to be explored by a spacecraft.

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An electric water heater known as an immersion heater can be located within a hot water storage tank.

It functions somewhat similarly to a kettle in that the water surrounding it is heated by an electrical component heater that resembles a large metal loop. Immersion heaters use a cable to connect to the electrical mains.

An immersion heater provides a hot water supply as a backup, which is its principal advantage. Immersion heaters are independent of the boiler and have their electrical source.

The only resource of hot water for those without a gas supply, such as apartments, will be immersion heaters. This does not apply to everyone, though.

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Refer to the photo attached. Let me know if it works out for you :)

Answer: 787 m/s & 0.0589s

(a) The magnetic field magnitude inside the tube is 7.9 x 10^-5 T and (b) the inductance of the tube (excluding the flat extensions) is  (2.28 x 10^-6 H/m) /l.

(a) The magnetic field magnitude inside the tube, we can use the formula:

= B = μ x i / (2 x π x r)

Where B is the magnetic field magnitude, μ is the permeability of the material (for copper, μ = 1.26 x 10^-6 Txm/A), i is the current flowing through the tube, and r is the radius of the tube.

Putting the given values into the formula, we get:

= B = 1.26 x 10^-6 Txm/A x 35 mA / (2 x π x 1.8 cm)

= 7.9 x 10^-5 T

So the magnetic field magnitude inside the tube is about 7.9 x 10^-5 T.

(b) The inductance of the tube (excluding the flat extensions), we can use the formula:

= L = (μ x n^2 x A) / l

Where L is the inductance, μ is the permeability of the material (for copper, μ = 1.26 x 10^-6 Txm/A), n is the number of turns in the solenoid (in this case, 1), A is the cross-sectional area of the tube, and l is the length of the tube.

To find the cross-sectional area of the tube, we can use the formula:

= A = π x r^2

Where A is the cross-sectional area, and r is the radius of the tube.

Putting this value into the formula for inductance, we get:

= L = (1.26 x 10^-6 Txm/A x 1^2 x π x 1.8 cm^2) / l

= (2.28 x 10^-6 H/m) / l

Where l is the length of the tube. The length of the tube is not given, so we cannot determine the inductance of the tube without this information.

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The minimum length required is 17.91 m when a laser beam starts 10 cm from side a of the container and enters the water at position x.

The output laser consists of a number of very closely spaced, discrete frequency components (very narrow spectral lines) covering a moderately broad spectral range. The discrete components are called laser modes and the spectral range they occupy is approximately the fluorescent line width of atomic transition giving rise to the laser output.

Laser oscillations occur, when the wave within the cavity replicate itself after two reflections so that the electric fields add in phase. In other words, the mirrors form a resonant cavity and standing wave patterns are setup.

In most high power applications for material processing or medical surgery, the laser is used as a mean for transferring the energy to the target. Thus there is no importance for the longitudinal laser modes.

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Earth became internally differentiated, with a metallic core distinct from the rocky mantle, during the Hadean Eon.

Hadean is the name of the oldest geological era (Eon) which ranges from 4.0 to 4.6 billion years ago. The Hadean Age itself is an unofficial unit on the chronostratigraphic chart which has been accepted by the International Stratigraphic Commission (ICS), and ratified by the International Association of Geological Researchers (IUGS).

The name Hadean is taken from the Greek word meaning God of Hell, to describe the condition of the earth which is full of glowing rocks due to the cosmic impact during the big bang. At the beginning of this era the atmosphere had not yet formed, so it is thought that there was no life.

The Hadeans are characterized by the early formation of Earth from accretion of dust and gas. Throughout the Earth, impacts from space objects released large amounts of heat that probably prevented most rock from solidifying on the surface.

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The statement saying that reflection around a point is equivalent to reflection in a plane with simultaneous rotation about Axis perpendicular to the plane is true.

Light follows the law of reflection, that says that the light coming at a particular angle of incidence will reflect by a surface by the same angle, the angle that is made by the light after reflection is called the angle of reflection.

When light falls on a surface we generally defined the angle of reflection and the angle of incidence with respect to a normal that he made to the plane.

On one particular point the incident ray the reflected ray and the normal coincides.

Around a point is equivalent to reflection in a plane with simultaneous rotation about an axis perpendicular to the plane.

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In 2020, 80% of youngsters who are 30 years old will still have living grandparents, according to experts.

The majority of adults under the age of 40 believe adult children have a duty to help out ageing parents. Eight in ten (81%) of this age group, compared to 75% of middle-aged individuals and 68% of those 60 and older, feel this is a responsibility. Parental caregiving enables them to continue working. They frequently play a crucial role following family catastrophes. The interactions between grandparents and their adult grandchildren are typically centred on financial support. The likelihood of adult children and their parents spending their golden years together is rising as people live longer. Middle age, the stage of adulthood for humans that occurs just before the onset of old age.

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Answer: 80

Explanation:

D) None of the options above is the proper response. Option (D)

describes the movement of a wire perpendicular to a magnetic field with no induced voltage.

If the wire has insulation surrounding it, then there will also be some induced voltage present in the wire.

It will also have some induced voltage if it is moving very quickly or vibrating back and forth.

The wire induced voltage will also be low if the wire is moving slowly.

It also induces voltage if it is composed of copper.

There is just one situation where the wire is stationary and does not produce induced voltage.

hence the appropriate choice is Alternative (d) None of the above

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The moment of inertia of the square also known as the MOI of the square is (1/6) MA².

Moment of inertia of the square formula = I = (1/6) MA²

In this mathematical equation, "A" refers to the sides of the square. However, this equation applies to the solid of a square where its center of gravity is along the x-axis.

To determine the moment of inertia of a square plate, we need to consider several things.

First, we will assume that the plate has mass (M) and sides of length (L). Surface area A = L X L = L²

We now define mass per unit area as;

Surface density, ρ = M / A = M / L²

Use of integration;

I = ∫ dI = ∫ (dIcom + dIparallel axis)

I = x=-L/2∫x=L/2 (1/12) ρ L³dx + ρ Lx2dx

I = ρ (L³ / 12) [x |-L/2L/2 + ρ L [ ⅓ x3 |-L/2L/2

I = ρ (L³ / 12) [ L / 2 – (-L / 2)] + ρ L [(⅓ L³ / 8) – (- ⅓ L³ / 8)]

I = ρ (L³ / 12) (L) + ρ L (⅔ L³ / 8)

I = (ρ / 12) L⁴ + (ρ / 12) L⁴

I = (1 / 6) ρ L⁴

I = (1/6) (M/L2) L⁴

I = (1/6) M L²

Moment of inertia of the square is (1/6) M L².

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This system's period (time between oscillations) is T=2=2Lg.

The period, which is the length of each full oscillation, is constant. T = 2 Square root of L/g, where L is the pendulum's length and g is the acceleration brought on by gravity, is the formula for a pendulum's period.

The time it takes an object to complete one oscillation and return to its initial position is measured in terms of a period, or T. The formula for the angular frequency is = 2/T. T = 1 / f, where "T" stands for period, or the length of time it takes for one cycle to complete, and "f" stands for frequency, is the formula for period.

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This is due to the fact that the electron's charge has a sign that is the polar opposite of that of the proton. In this instance, the magnetic force will be applied along the z-negative axis's side.

Since the charge is travelling in the direction of the observer, pointing the thumb in that direction will cause the fingers to curl counterclockwise. However, since this charge is negative, the magnetic field line will be moving in the opposite direction for the observer.

Therefore, the electric charge will travel in a circle around a fixed point. Positive charges move in a counterclockwise manner when the magnetic field is pointing into the page, whereas negative charges move in a clockwise direction.

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This experiment served as a model for the universe's expansion. The dots drifted away from the home dot and one another as the balloon swelled. The findings indicate that a dot moves more quickly the further it is from its home dot.

The dots are galaxies, while the balloon stands in for the entire cosmos. The dots, or "galaxies," are spaced more apart as the balloon expands.

Because far-off galaxies have a red shift, the Doppler effect can be used to find proof that the universe is expanding. Moving objects produce waves with longer wavelengths, which makes the light appear redder. As a result, the cosmos is expanding because the galaxies are separating from one another.

In honour of astronomer Edwin Hubble, the mystery is referred to as the Hubble tension. He made the discovery that galaxies move away from us quicker the further they are from us in 1929, which contributed to the development of the theory that the universe began with the big bang and has been expanding ever since.

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The gravitational potential energy of the rod-sphere system is - (GMm) / L X ln[ (x+l)/x ]. The magnitude of the gravitational force exerted on the sphere by the rod is - (GMm) / x(x+L) and the direction of the gravitational force exerted on the sphere by the rod is towards it.

(a) Let's have an imaginary view of the rod located at a given distance r from he the mass (m) of the sphere.

Then the equation for the potential energy as related to the small area of the of the rod can be computed as;

= dU = - (GMm)/ L X (dr/r)

where,

G = gravitational constant

Now, integrating this with the limits of x to (x + L), we get

= U = - (GMm) / L X ln[ (x+l)/x ]

(b) By using F = -dU/dt, the magnitude of the gravitational force can be determined as follows:

Here we have,

= F = - d {- (GMm) / L X ln[ (x+l)/x ]} / dt

= F = - (GMm) / x(x+L)

From above, the negative sign indicates an attractive force.

(c) As, the negative sign indicates an attractive force. Thus, the direction of the gravitational force exerted on the sphere by the rod is towards it.

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It is true that amateur astronomers can use backyard telescopes and the transit method to find extrasolar planets.

Professional and amateur astronomers have discovered additional extrasolar planets using a technique known as the transit method. The light output of a star dims slightly when a planet crosses its face as seen from Earth. We track the motion of stars by keeping an eye out for recurring Doppler shifts in order to apply the transit method. Even though distant planets take longer to orbit, it works best for finding large planets that travel far from their stars. Because transiting exoplanets always circle in orbital planes that are edge-on to Earth-based observers, the same exoplanet can be studied using both the transit method and the radial-velocity approach to establish the planet's mass, density, and most likely composition.

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While the electric field caused by a dipole changes inversely with the cube of the distance, the electric field caused by an isolated point charge changes inversely with the square of the distance.

What will happen to an isolated positive charge's electric field of force?

The electric field surrounding a single positive charge is directed radially outward because positive charges resist one another. Electric fields are typically shown as lines of force or field lines, which begin on positive charges and end on negative charges.

What is an isolated system's overall charge?

According to the law of conservation of charge, the net charge of an isolated system will never change. This indicates that no system will ever have a different total charge between any two moments if it is not exchanging mass or energy with its surroundings.

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Rotation produces centrifugal force, which is not a component of an interaction. As a result, it is referred to as a fictional force.

All objects with mass, like our Earth, really bend and curve spacetime, which is what causes gravity to pull you toward the ground. You experience gravity because of that curvature.

An object with mass attracts another item with mass. The strength of the force is directly proportional here to masses of the two objects and divided by the square of the radius between the two.

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Gravitational potential energy of these two masses is -2GM ((√r²+x²)-x)

                                                                                                r²

What is gravitational potential energy?

Potential energy is accumulated as a result of the work required to displace a mass (m) from infinity to a position inside the gravitational field of a source mass (M) without accelerating it. These are referred to as gravitational potential energies. The sign Ug is used to denote it.

We are aware that a body's stored energy in a certain position is what is meant by the term potential energy of a body. The change in potential energy is equal to the amount of work done on the body by the applied external forces if the body's position changes as a result of the application of those forces.

dm− mass of the ring,

So. dm=2πrdr× M

​                          πr²

So, potential dP=   −Gdm      

​                                  √(x² +r²)

So, dP= G.2πxtanϕxsec 2 ϕdϕ

​                      (x√( 1+tan 2 ϕ )) πr²

⇒P=  −2GMx   ∫ tan  (R/x)  tanϕsecϕdϕ              

            r²        

⇒P= −2GMx      {1−        1                  }

            r²                cos(tan 2 (R/x))

 ⇒P=      -2GM((√r²+x²)-x)

                    r²

Hence, gravitational potential energy of these two masses is -2GM((√r²+x²)-x)

   r²

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The binding energy is 81.972 MeV .The binding energy per nucleon is 6.831 MeV.

The bare minimum energy needed for an object to be released from a bound system and leave its sphere of effect is known as the binding energy (i.e. escape to infinity). In the scenario at hand, it refers to the energy needed by a satellite to break free of its planetary orbit and travel to infinity.

mass of proton = 1.00783u

mass of neutron = 1.00867u

mass of Carbon atom = 12.011u

Nuclear reaction,  6p+6n→ ¹²₆C

mass defect. Δm = 6mp + 6mn - mnucleus

Δm = 6×1.00783 + 6×1.00867 - 12.011

Δm = 6.04698 + 6.05202 - 12.011

Δm = 12.099 - 12.011

Δm = 0.088u

Binding Energy, B.E. = Δm×931.5

B.E, = 0.088 MeV

Binding Energy per nucleon = 0.088/12 = 6.831 MeV

The binding energy is 81.972 MeV .The binding energy per nucleon is 6.831 MeV.

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Doppler shift may be decided after appearing the variety Fourier transform (variety FFT) first.

For a goal of interest, we are able to repeat the variety FFT till we've got sufficient facts to carry out the second one degree of FFT. The orbital speeds of stars and fueloline clouds some distance from the galactic middle are exceptionally high, suggesting that those stars and fueloline clouds are feeling gravitational outcomes from unseen matter.

Radio waves are used to map the Milky Way due to the fact they could penetrate the interstellar fueloline and dirt with out being scattered or absorbed. The Milky Way's galactic nucleus is surrounded with the aid of using a nuclear bulge that stands out of the galactic disk.

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If a student must design an experiment to determine the gravitational mass of an object, the experiments the student can use are option A and D.

Gravitational mass refers to the property of an object or a system that determines the strength of the gravitational interaction with other objects, systems, or gravitational fields. The gravitational mass of an object determines the amount of force exerted on the object by a gravitational field. Gravitational mass is given by F=Gm1m2/r^2. where G is the universal gravitational constant, m1 and m2 are the masses of the two objects, and r is the distance between them. Hence, experiments that can measure these variables can help determine gravitational mass.

The student can place the object on one side of a lever at a known distance away from a fulcrum, Place known masses on the other side of the fulcrum so that they are also placed on the lever distances from the fulcrum. Move the known masses to a known distance such that the lever is in static equilibrium.

Additionally, the student can Place the object on the end of a vertically hanging spring with a known spring constant. Allow the spring to stretch to a new equilibrium position and measure the distance the spring is stretched from its original equilibrium position.

Note: The question is incomplete as it is missing options which are: A) Place the object on one side of a lever at a known distance away from a fulcrum, Place known masses on the other side of the fulcrum so that they are also placed on the lever distances from the fulcrum. Move the known masses to a known distance such that the lever is in static equilibrium. B) Place the object on a surface of negligible friction and pull the object horizontally across the surface with a spring scale at anon constant speed such that a motion detector can measure how the object's speed as a function of time changes. C) Place the object on a surface that provides friction between the object and the surface. Use a surface such that the coefficient of friction between the object and the surface is known. Put the object horizontally across the surface with a spring scale at a nonconstant speed such that a motion detector can measure how the object's speed as a function of time changes. D) Place the object on the end of a vertically hanging spring with a known spring constant. Allow the spring to stretch to a new equilibrium position and measure the distance the spring is stretched from its original equilibrium position.

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