Antigens are foreign proteins that invade the systems of organisms. Vaccines function by stimulating an organism's immune system to develop antibodies against a particular antigen. Developing a vaccine involves producing an antigen that can be introduced into the organism being vaccinated and which will trigger an immune response without causing the disease associated with the antigen. Certain strains of bacteria can be used to produce antigens used in vaccines. Which of the following best explains how bacteria can be genetically engineered to produce a desired antigen? A. The gene coding for the antigen can be inserted into plasmids that can be used to transform the bacteria. B. The bacteria need to be exposed to the antigen so they can produce the antibodies. C. The DNA of the antigen has to be transcribed in order for the mRNA produced to be inserted into the bacteria. D. The mRNA of the antigen has to be translated in order for the protein to be inserted into the bacteria.

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

A. The gene coding for the antigen can be inserted into plasmids that can be used to transform the bacteria.

Explanation:

Genetic engineering is the process of manipulating an organim's genome in order to yield a desirable result. According to this question, a vaccine is to be created using an antigen that will trigger an immune response against the particular disease in the involved organism.

However, the antigens needs to be produced by genetically engineering/modifying bacteria. To do this, the gene coding for the antigen can be inserted into plasmids, an extra-chromosomal DNA, that can be used to transform the bacteria. In other words, the plasmid + antigen gene, which represents the recombinant DNA will confer upon the transformed bacteria the ability to produce the antigen.

Answer 2

Answer:

The gene coding for the antigen can be inserted into plasmids that can be used to transform the bacteria.


Related Questions

Place the members of an ecosystem in the correct order
from smallest (or most specific) to the largest:

COMMUNITY
POPULATION ECOSYSTEM
INDIVIDUAL

Answers

Individual, population, community, ecosystem

Directions Make a list of objects, products, and any other items around your house where plants were involved in the production of the item. You should have a list of at least twenty items. Then respond to the following questions: Note: Your list of objects and the answers following should be at least 200 words in length. What if plants no longer existed on Earth? How would your life be different?

Answers

Answer:

-20 items-

Bed

Cat

Dog

desk

water

stove

oven

chair

toilet

shirt

shampoo

shoes

backpack

food

socks

paper

pencil

table

mask

towel

If Plants no longer existed on earth then there would be no way for carbon dioxide to be converted into oxygen, without oxygen animals and humans alike would die. The Worlds "Air" would be toxic for us to breathe, we need plants to survive. Without plants, animals would die of starvation, and predators would as well without substance.

why the ocean near Christchurch is a different temperature than we’d expect for its latitude (distance from the equator).

Answers

Answer:

Water moving from the equator is warmer than would be expected based on latitude, and so is warmer than the air it passes.

Who can help me fill this in

Answers

Answer:

a - flower

b - ovule

c - fruit

d - embryo

e - seed

f - seedling

Explanation:

Hybrid plants are more likely to be sterile than open-pollinated plants.
True
False

Answers

Answer: true

Explanation:

For Ascomycota, what structure's function is most similar to the function of a mushroom?
a
Ascus.

b
Ascocarp.

c
Antheridium.

d
Archegonium.

e
Ascospore.

Answers

Answer:

e. Ascospore

hope this helps

Homologous chromosomes
Definitions
What does homologous chromosome mean?

Answers

Homologous chromosomes are two pieces of DNA within a diploid organism which carry the same genes, one from each parental source.

What type of limb does a hen have?

Answers

Answer:

four limbs have ahen/ chicken

I believe it’s four(4)

Please look at the photo and help me ASAP

Answers

Answer:

1 red, 2 pink, 1 white

Many farmers and gardeners compost their plant and animal waste. The living material naturally decays in compost bins, forming a dirt-like substance that’s rich in nutrients. The next season, farmers use this substance as a natural fertilizer for their crops. A biology student has grown tomato plants for several years. Until now, he used an artificial fertilizer formulated for tomato plants. This fertilizer caused his plants to grow faster and taller than they grew in unfertilized soil. The student wants to know whether using natural compost will cause his tomato plants to grow faster and taller than his artificial fertilizer. Answer the following questions to plan an investigation using the steps of the scientific method and help the student find the answer to his question. Construct at least two possible hypothesis for the students experiment

Answers

Answer:The student's observations before he starts his experiment are that his tomato plants grew faster and taller with his artificial fertilizer rather than without any fertilizer at all.

Explanation:

i want brainliest pls

How does aerobic respiration differ from anaerobic respiration ?
I need long answer, and correctly explained.​

Answers

Aerobic: Aerobic respiration takes place in the mitochondria and requires oxygen and glucose, and produces carbon dioxide, water, and energy. (glucose + oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water). Anaerobic respiration also produces energy and uses glucose, but it produces less energy and does not require oxygen.

Why is it important to center the object you want to look at in your field of view before changing to a higher magnification objective lens? A. So the object is still in your field of view at the higher magnification. B. So you can always see the entire object at the higher magnification. C. So you do not damage the higher magnification objective lens.​

Answers

Answer:

B. So you can always see the entire object at the higher magnification

Explanation:

A microscope is used to view objects smaller than the naked or unaided eyes can see. The objective lens, in conjunction with the occular or eye lens, is used to achieve this purpose. The objective lens are of different magnifications as follows: 10X, 40X, 100X etc.

However, as the magnification increases i.e. higher objective, the object in the field of view becomes smaller and less focused. Hence, the object in the field of view must first be centered at a lower magnification/objective lens before changing to a higher one in order for the entire object to be seen at a higher magnification.

Help please

the classification level that includes the most specific traits

A. species
B. kingdom
C. class
D. order​

Answers

i’m pretty sure it’s species :)

Can any body help me plzz

Answers

most likely crop rotation if not i dont know

Study of embryos of various organisms to show a common ancestor
because of similarities in development is know as ...

natural selection

speciation

embryology

evolution

Answers

Embryology: the branch of biology and medicine concerned with the study of embryos and their development.
Change my name to my trucks at the world again I was scared of sentence and the dog I was going to pretty girls and starting over stations all my friends I can go natural selection

The outside part of the nucleus is called the _________.

jacket
cytoplasm
RNA
nuclear membrane

Answers

Answer:

Cytoplasm

Hope this helps!

((I need the questions a. and b. please)))​

Answers

Answer:

Genotypic ratio: 2:2

Phenotypic ratio: 2:2

Explanation:

There are 2 combinations of Hh and 2 combinations of hh

There are 2 chances that the offspring will have 2 heads

There are 2 chances that the offspring will have 3 heads



is a structure that the squid can force water through for movement by
propulsion. This is also the location where waste can exit as well as ink

Answers

It’s called the Funnel.

Why don’t mosses grow very tall?
They need energy to make food, which they get by being close to the ground.
They don’t have roots, so they must be near water.
They need to send out spores via water.
They have seeds that need to roll away.

Answers

Answer:

Hello~

Llamalover here!

Mosses have some water-conducting cells, but they do not have the empty, lignin-reinforced cells that allow vascular plants to transport water with strong pressure gradients. Thus, mosses have very limited water transport ability and can't grow very tall.

So, your answer is They need to send out spores via water. I believe

Explanation:

Hope this helps!

What needs to change so that only the green solutes diffuse across the membrane?

Answers

Diffusion is a process which allows particles to move from areas of high concentration to areas of lower concentration. The process requires that particles are moving. As long as particles are not at a temperature of 0K (absolute zero) they have kinetic energy (energy of movement).

What need to be changed is ; The use of selectively/semi-permeable membrane

To selectively allow the passage ( diffusion ) of a certain type of solute through a membrane in a solution, we should make use of a selectively permeable membrane which allows only the passage of a certain type of solute contained in the solution ( like the green solutes ).

The use of permeable membrane in a solution is to selectively allow flow of solutes or solvent from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration.

Hence we can conclude that what needs to be change is The use of selectively/semi-permeable membrane will allow only the green solutes to diffuse across.

Learn more : https://brainly.com/question/24097552

Why are so many station miles used to gather weather data in the United States

Answers

Answer:

Why are so many station models used to gather weather data in the United States? Because the country is so large, and Earth's atmosphere is constantly changing, we need data from many stations to make accurate forecasts. ... A barometer is used to measure air pressure.

Explanation:

What is different between lactic acid fermentation and aerobic cellular respiration?
Lactic acid fermentation works
Aerobic cellular respiration uses
Aerobic cellular respiration produces
ATP
Lactic acid fermentation produces
ATP

Answers

Explanation:

aerobic respiration process breaks down a single glucose molecule to yield 38 units of the energy storing ATP molecules. For the lactate fermentation, 2 molecules of ATP are produced for every molecule of glucose used.

What is the purpose of a control in this experiment?

Question 9 options:

The control is the tube that only has milk in it.


The control is the one tube that we know will show milk digestion.


The control is the one tube that we know will not show milk digestion.


The control is the only one the scientist changes.

Answers

Answer:

I can't definitively answer this because I don't know the experiment, but I can help.

Explanation:

The "control group" of an experiment is like a dry simulation, where there is no variables changed across all the different trials you do. This is different from a dependent variable or an independent variable. Using your newfound knowledge of what a control group is you can automatically cross off the last option.

Since I cannot see what your experiment was I can't give you which of the top 3 answers it is however. You need to look at which one has no change.

If I were to blindly guess I would say the top option seems like the most likely answer.

air particles from areas of

Answers

Answer:

Size comparisons for PM particles. PM stands for particulate matter (also called particle pollution): the term for a mixture of solid particles and liquid droplets found in the air. Some particles, such as dust, dirt, soot, or smoke, are large or dark enough to be seen with the naked eye.

Explanation:

what is the difference between mitosis and meiosis?

Answers

Answer:

Mitosis produces two diploid (2n) somatic cells that are genetically identical to each other and the original parent cell, whereas meiosis produces four haploid (n) gametes that are genetically unique from each other and the original parent (germ) cell.

Mitosis- my toeses
Meiosis- mayosis

The Garden Club of Monck's Corner is conducting a scientific experiment to determine which variety of flower will attract the largest butterfly population. The Garden Club has planted different varieties of flowers in a small garden in front of the town hall to attract the butterflies. The Garden Club will count and record the butterflies on each variety of flower each time they visit the garden.

What is the independent variable in the experiment?

A. variety of flowers planted.
B. location of garden
C. size of garden
D. size of butterfly population

Answers

The answer is the size of the garden

What is true of all body cells except sex cells?

Answers

Answer:

You have it completely right!

Explanation:

The answer is C because the chromosomes are counted by the number of centromeres which are contained on chromosomes and chromatids!

Fernanda is feeling sick and goes to the
doctor. Upon taking a blood sample, the
doctor observes that Fernanda's cells
contain a pathogen that seems to be made
of small cells with no nucleus. What type of
infection does Fernanda have?
bacterial
fungal
none of the above
viral

Answers

Answer:

bacterial

Explanation:

A prokaryotic organism is an organism that does not possess a membrane-bound nucleus that houses its genetic material. Organisms grouped under this domain are bacteria, archaebacteia etc.

According to this question, Fernanda goes for a blood sample because she felt sick. The result of the blood sampling shows that the cells of Fernanda contain a pathogen that seems to be made of small cells with no nucleus. This property describes a prokaryotic pathogen. Hence, the infection is most likely to be that of a BACTERIAL INFECTION.

Note that, a fungus is eukaryotic while a virus is considered non-living because it can only replicate in a living host.

PLS HELP AS SOON IS POSSIBLE


Nonnative species can cause serious problems with marine ecosystem biodiversity. The graph shows a summary of the different methods by which invasive species reach new locations based on United States Geological Survey data as of 2016. Based on this information, what recommendation could be made to reduce introductions?

A- Methods should be put in place to reduce the ability of species from escaping from captivity and establishing themselves in new locations.

B- People should take extra care when setting up a home fish tank to be certain that all organisms in it will be properly maintained so that the animals remain healthy and diseases are not spread.

C- Science should more closely study the genetics of the different organisms used to prevent mixing of DNA.

D- Ships should install some form of cleansing mechanisms before releasing their ballast water during transport and should be checked for unintended cargo.

Answers

Answer: D

Explanation: 20% of invasive species are introduced by Shipping so checking the ballast tanks in cargo ships would help the most I think

To reduce introductions of Non-native species, ships should install some form of cleansing mechanisms before releasing their ballast water during transport and also check for unintended cargo.

What are non-native species?

Non-native species are also called invasive species. They are called so as they are foreign or not indigenous to a particular ecosystem and have been introduced to the said ecosystem by some unnatural methods.

These species show a high capacity for adaptation to their new environment. They quickly multiply and reproduce and therefore increase in population.

This sudden and unnatural increase in their population soon after they are introduced to a new environment will greatly affect the ecosystem of the new environment. The new species will compete with the native organisms of that environment for resources. This may cause the native flora or fauna to become endangered or even extinct.

The accidental introduction of invasive species happens quite often and causes a lot of problems. In a marine ecosystem, it happens a lot due to the ships that travel through a variety of marine regions.

So, ships should install some form of cleansing mechanisms before releasing their ballast water during transport and should be checked for unintended cargo.

Therefore, the correct option is D.

Read more about invasive species, here

https://brainly.com/question/21452505

#SPJ2

True/False: The law of conservation of matter applies to the cycle of photosynthesis and cellular respiration.

Answers

eisjwisjjwjs // True

Answer:

It is true, The law of conservation of mass is tied to the fact that in chemical processes, atoms are conserved. Since every atom is contributed to the mass of reactants and products in a reaction, not losing any atoms is equivalent to not losing any mass.

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