Analysis of the first bacterial genome to be sequenced, h. influenzae, revealed 6 rrna genes, 54 different trna genes, and 1743 potential protein-coding genes.
What was the first genome to be finished?Haemophilus influenzae was the first creature whose entire genome was completely sequenced in 1995. Due to their smaller genome sizes, other bacteria and some archaea were sequenced first after it. The 1,830,140 base pair DNA genome of H. influenzae is large.The first genome's sequencing method:The first complete genome of a virus named phiX174 is sequenced by Frederick Sanger and his team in 1977 using a DNA sequencing technique they developed.How is genomic sequencing carried out? What is it?a technique used in laboratories to map out the complete genetic composition of a particular organism or cell type. To detect changes in specific regions of the genome, utilize this technique. These modifications could aid research into the pathogenesis of particular diseases like cancer.
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Vitor experiences sadness and hopelessness during the shorter winter days. Which treatment might be prescribed?
Light exposure therapy
Aversion therapy
Psychosurgery
Electroconvulsive therapy
Light exposure therapy will be prescribed to Vitor who suffers from Seasonal Affective Disorder that causes sadness and hopelessness during the shorter winter days.
Light exposure therapy is also called as phototherapy. It involves the exposure of the patient to artificial bright light that is similar to the natural sunlight. This helps in healing the depressive or seasonal moods of the patient.
Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) is a mood disorder that occurs in a person as the season changes. The person becomes sad and gloomy. It can sometimes also be referred to as winter depression as it disease is more prevalent in winter season.
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Answer:
A. Light exposure therapy.
Explanation:
Took the test and got it right.
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6. What is the function of the energy storing polysaccharides starch and glycogen?
Answer:
Polysaccharides generally perform one of two functions: energy storage or structural support. Starch and glycogen are highly compact polymers that are used for energy storage. Cellulose and chitin are linear polymers that are used for structural support in plants and animals, respectively.
Starch serves as energy storage in plants. Glycogen is an even more highly branched polysaccharide of glucose monomers that serves the function of energy storage in animals. Glycogen is made and stored primarily in the cells of the liver and muscles.
describe the role of chlorophylls, bacteriochlorophylls, accessory pigments, reaction-center pigments, and antennae pigments in capturing radiant energy.
chlorophylls, bacteriochlorophylls, accessory pigments, reaction-center pigments, and antennae pigments are all components of the photosystem that helps to capture radiant energy in plants and organisms such as bacteria.
Chlorophyll: In a plant, chlorophyll's function is to absorb light, often sunlight. Two types of energy-storing molecules receive the light energy that is absorbed.
Bacteriochlorophyll: Anoxygenic (don't produce O2) photosynthetic bacteria include bacteriochlorophylls, which absorb wavelengths that chlorophylls do not, enabling the bacteria to grow in environments where other photosynthetic organisms cannot.
Accessory pigments: absorbing wavelengths that the other pigments are unable to absorb, accessory pigments improve the efficiency of light capture.
Teaction center pigment: In the photosynthetic process, reaction-center pigments serve as electron donors.
Antennae pigments: A complex of pigments called the antennae serves as a funnel, collecting light energy, and transmitting it to a pigment called the response center.
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leptin is secreted by adipose tissue to slow the appetite. despite this, many people continue to gain weight. why does this mechanism not always work?
Explanation:
Obese people have unusually high levels of leptin. This is because in some obese people, the brain does not respond to leptin, so they keep eating despite adequate (or excessive) fat stores, a concept known as 'leptin resistance'. This causes the fat cells to produce even more leptin.
What was Lyell’s argument about Earth’s land features and what did it cause Darwin to question about the mountains?
Lyell’s argument about Earth’s land features and what it did to cause Darwin to question the mountains is some of Earth's features resulted from gradual processes acting over long time periods.
This is because the conventional knowledge about mountains was challenged by Lyell and this was a turning point as Darwin himself agreed that the formation of mountains was as a result of sediments that accumulated after a long time.
What is a Mountain?This refers to the landform that is elevated and has bedrock and is a feature of the earth's surface.
Hence, we can see that the argument is that mountains are formed from gradual processes acting over long time periods.
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in animals, fungi, and plants, bulk flow is always an active and atp-expensive process. this is best evidenced by the presence of a heartbeat in order for bulk flow to occur in animals.
It is false that bulk flow is always an active and atp-expensive process and it is evident by the presence of a heartbeat in order for bulk flow to occur in animals.
Active transport is the transfer of dissolved molecules from a location of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration across the cell membrane. The particles use expensive energy released during breathing to move against the gradient of concentration. Organic substances release energy through respiration, a chemical mechanism that is independent of a heartbeat. Exergonic reactions convert the molecules into new ones. Energy is released via the breakdown of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) into adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and phosphoric acid (Pi).
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A 3 base sequence of mRNA is called a
Answer:
A 3 base sequence of mRNA is called a codon. Each codon specifies a particular amino acid
Explanation:
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explain how both clomiphene, an estrogen receptor agonist, and letrozole, which reduces estrogen levels, can both induce ovulation when they seemingly have opposite effects in the body.
The long-established standard medication for ovulation induction, clomiphene citrate (CC), is still regarded as the first-line treatment for PCOS women. Clomiphene does, however, have some clear drawbacks.
Ovulation and pregnancy rates differ after receiving CC treatment (60–85%; 10–20%). The rate of miscarriages is higher than that of the general population[6,7], and 20–25% of PCOS women are clomiphene resistant. The endometrial growth and development as well as the quantity and quality of cervical mucus are negatively impacted by the anti-estrogenic effect of CC, which results in a protracted depletion of estrogen receptors.
An oral aromatase inhibitor with a strong potential for ovulation induction is letrozole. This chemical has been investigated as a potential ovulation inducer by numerous researchers, and it has been in use for a few years now. In women with PCOS who are clomiphene citrate-resistant, letrozole has been demonstrated to have an excellent ovulation rate.
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How did snakes initially lose their limbs (hint: this has to do with a mutation)?
First, we must understand that before limbless snakes, there was an ancestor that possessed limbs. In the population of this ancestor, a mutation occurred in one of the individuals that caused it not to develop limbs.
Currently, the data suggest that the loss of limbs was due to the Sonic hedgehog gene and the regulatory region of this gene, the ZRS region.
The mutation (a deletion or loss of nucleotides) in the regulatory region (ZRS) meant that the sonic hedgehog gene could not be expressed correctly and therefore the gene could not drive limb development.
We already know how the loss of limbs occurred, now the question is, how was this feature maintained over time?
Today, snakes do not have limbs because the limbless ancestor was able to reproduce in a great way and therefore its descendants have lasted until today. This was probably because the lack of limbs gave it an advantage and a greater survival compared to the other animals in the population that did have limbs.
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what is photosynthesis?
Answer: The food making process by plant is called photosynthesis.
Explanation:
Answer:
It is the process by which plants make food for themselves. Carbon Dioxide, light(sun) and water is needed for this process. Chloroplast is the organelle which makes food for plants. It is carried out in the day and the by-product is oxygen
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How does photosynthesis change energy?
1.
What is a mutation?
A. a change in the genetic material of a cell
B. the specific sequence of bases in a molecule of DNA
C. the process by which a molecule of DNA makes a copy of itself
D. the perfect replication of a DNA molecule
Answer:
the answer is A
Explanation:
d talk about replicating and so does c
and b isn't clear so most likely the answer is A
The cell is the most basic structure that exhibits the characteristics of and meets the challenges of what?
The cell is the most basic structure that exhibits the characteristics of an organism and meets the challenges of the environment.
What characteristics are common in many types of cells?Living things have many common traits i.e. Cellular organization, the ability to reproduce cells, growth & development, energy use, homeostasis, response to their environment, and the ability to adapt. Living things will show all of these traits. All living organism's cells share several key characteristics or functions: order, sensitivity or response to the environment, reproduction, growth and development, regulation, homeostasis, and cell energy processing. Characteristics are the distinguishing features or qualities of something. You might like to think of cell characteristics as those qualities that make a person or a thing different from others.
So we can conclude that the majority of cells share several characteristics i.e. plasma membrane, cytoplasm, DNA, and ribosomes
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Which of the following would NOT contain cell walls?
O A bumble bee
O A peace lily
O A tree
O Celery
Bumble bee?
I hope that helps.
A severe storm has churned up the water and sediment along a coastline, causing the water to appear cloudy. how would this most likely affect the marine ecosystem? light waves would be more likely to be refracted or diffracted, thus failing to reach plants and phytoplankton. light waves would be more likely to be at a higher frequency, thus causing harmful algal blooms. light waves would increase in wavelength, thus penetrating the water more deeply. light waves would be more likely to move at a higher speed through the water, thus helping to increase photosynthesis in producers.
Cloudy Water would most likely cause ligt waves to be refracted or diffracted, thus failing to reach plants and phytoplanktons
Cloudy or turbid water can be caused by bacterial or algal bloom, sandstorm, calcium precipitate and other disturbances
As cloudy Water prevent sunlight from reaching inside the water, the rate of photosynthesis of aquatic plants is reduced and amount of oxygen is limited
This can lead to suffocation of fishes and other aquatic lives in the water
Also, sediment in water collected from the storm may absorb heat from sunlight and increase the temperature of the warm, further decreasing the amountsof dissolved oxygen
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an organism that belongs to the kingdom protista
compared with rods, cones are group of answer choices less sensitive to dim light and less sensitive to fine detail. more sensitive to dim light and more sensitive to fine detail. more sensitive to dim light and less sensitive to fine detail. less sensitive to dim light and more sensitive to fine detail
Compared with rods, cones are less sensitive to dim light and more sensitive to fine detail (Option 4).
What are the photoreceptor cells?The photoreceptor cells are specialized cells in the ey that are required to produce vision. The major photoreceptor cells include rod cells and once cells.
The rod cells are photoreceptors located at the eye retina capable of converting an image into neuronal chemical stimuli which are processed by the brain in order to form the final image. These cells are more sensitive to light when forming the image.
Conversely, the cone photoreceptor cells are more sensitive to colors and therefore these cells can efficiently work in bright light.
Therefore, we can conclude that the photoreceptor cells such as cone cells and rod cells have differential features associated with sensitivity to colors and light, which is fundamental to form the image in the brain.
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what would you do be a main planet ecolog?
Please!!!!!!!
Answer:
Since ecology looks at how different plants, animals, including humans, interact with their habitats, it helps us understand how our planet functions. As a result, it can forecast the consequences of pollution and climate change and instruct us on how to save habitats and biodiversity.
These intricate ecosystems and humans are linked, and if we continue to power our lives in the same manner, they will probably collapse. The world is currently experiencing unprecedented biodiversity loss, pollution, and climate change as a result of human overconsumption, overpopulation, and deforestation.
Explanation:
The notion that our brain organization and anatomy can change is called __________. a. recovery b. experience c. neurogenesis d. plasticity please select the best answer from the choices provided a b c d
The correct answer is option D: The notion that our brain organization and anatomy can change is called plasticity.
The ability of the brain to change its connections in response to the environment and a person's experiences is known as brain plasticity. Neuronal connections are established beginning in the fetal stage. Some relationships are kept after birth while others vanish.
The rewiring of the neural circuits during an apprenticeship is a result of the brain's plasticity. During this time, some neuronal connections are strengthened (synapses). The brain is indeed malleable. On the contrary, it changes throughout time.
Undifferentiated cells, which can replace inadvertently killed neurons, also enable cerebral plasticity. For instance, in the rat, the removal of vibriosis (whiskers with a sensory function) alters the way that neurons are arranged in the brain. The disappearance of vibriosis leads to the reorganization of the somatosensory cortex.
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PLEASE HELP MEEE Describe the following levels of protein structure including the types of bonds that are
involved:
a. Primary
b. Secondary
c. Tertiary and Quaternary
Explanation:
primary: protein structure: the sequence of amino acids in a polypetide chain
Secondary:a-helix and B-pleated sheet structures
Tetiary and Quaternary :Tetiary refers to the configuration of a protein subunit in three dimensional shape while quarternarystructure refers to the relationships of the four subunits have hemoglobin to each other
sorry I couldn't get the bonds
Patrick did an experiment to study the solubility of two substances. He poured 100 mL of water at 20 °C into each of two beakers labeled A and B. He put 60 g of Substance A in the beaker labeled A and 60 g of Substance B in the beaker labeled B. The solution in both beakers was stirred for 1 minute. The amount of substance left undissolved in the beakers was weighed. The experiment was repeated for different temperatures of water and the observations were recorded as shown.
Experimental Observations
Substance Mass of Undissolved Substance at Different Temperatures (gram)
20 °C 40 °C 60 °C 80 °C
A 18 14 10 5
B 60 60 60 60
Part 1: Which, if any, substance is soluble in water?
Part 2: Explain how the data helped you determine solubility for both substances for temperatures 20 °C to 80 °C. (8 points)
Based on the results obtained;
Solute A is solute in waterA graph of the amount of solute dissolved against temperature helped to determine solubility for both substances for temperatures 20 °C to 80 °C. What is the solubility of a substance?The solubility of a substance of substance is the amount of that substance that dissolves in a given volume of solution or solvent.
The solubility of substances vary from one substance to another,
Some factors that affect the solubility of substances include:
temperature - the solubility of solids generally increases with temperature while the solubility of gases decrease with temperature and vice versapressure - the solubility of gases increase with increase in pressure and vice versanature of substance -some solutes generally have higher solubilities than others in a given solvent.nature of solvent - based on the principle of like dissolves like, polar solutes dissolve in polar solvents whereas non-polar solute dissolve better in non-polar solvents.Learn more about solubility at: https://brainly.com/question/24057916
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Drag each label to the correct location on the image. Not all labels will be used.
Mark the different pelagic zones in the ocean.
The pёlagic zone is divided into different areas according to their depth. These zones are part of the photic and aphotic areas. Image and complete explanation attached.
Note: Due to technical problems, you will find the complete explanation in the attached files.
What are the oceanic zones?
The ocean is divided into different zones or regions.
Neritic zone Oceanic zoneThe pёlagic zone is one of the areas into which the oceanic zone is divided.
This zone is also divided into five areas according to depth.
Considering this information, we can complete the image by using all terms excepting for the pёlagic one.
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PLEASE HELP ASAP
2) The balanced chemical equation. for cellular respiration is:
C6H12O6+602>>>6CO2+H20+heat+ATP
How does this equation represent the law of conservation of matter- that matter. cannot be created or destroyed?
Answer:
Explanation:
Because the matter turns into heat and ATP.
Which of the following is most true about ribosomes?
A. Only in the nucleus
B. In the cytoplasm
C. Attached to the smooth ER
D. Only in eukaryotic cells
E. Both B and C
which muscle groups are used during riding, squats, push ups, planks, mountain climbers, trunk rotation, overhead press, lunges, arm extension, arm flexion, superman exercises on floor and burpees, etc.
Quadriceps, hamstrings, and glutes muscle groups are used during riding, squats, push ups, planks, mountain climbers, trunk rotation, overhead press, lunges, arm extension.
What is the main function of the hamstrings?Your hamstring muscles are essential for walking, running, bending your knees, and extending your legs. However, these muscles are also quite prone to damage, particularly if you play football or soccer or engage in other activities that include many pauses and starts.
What happens when hamstrings are weak?Hamstring weakness can exacerbate knee pain and raise the risk of hamstring strain. Many people say they frequently stretch their hamstrings yet they never seem to get more flexible.
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Where does Mathilde get the necklace?
Answer: Mathilde gets the necklace from her friend Madame Forestier
Explanation:
i did the quiz
Iin a cross between two individuals bbgg and bbgg, what ratio of phenotypes would be expected in the offspring if the two genes show independent assortment?.
The ratio of phenotypes that would be expected in the offspring if the two genes show independent assortment is 1:1
The two parent genes are both homozygous recessives. Therefore, any crossing between them would yield a ration of 1 to 1 irrespective of independent assortment leading the offspring to have also homozygous recessive genes. According to Mendel's law of independent assortment, alleles from two (or more) distinct genes are sorted into gametes independently of one another.
In other words, the allele obtained by a gamete for one gene has no effect on the allele received for another gene. In the question, the allele from the two parents are the same hence the off springs expresses the same phenotypic traits.
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what is the difference between theory and law
Answer:
Laws, as demonstrated by a mathematical equation, specify what will occur in a specific circumstance, whereas theories explain how the phenomena occurs.
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ch 11 how is community-based conservation different from more traditional approaches to conservation? group of answer choices in community-based conservation, scientists from a wide range of backgrounds are brought together to focus the efforts of an entire scientific community of the problem. community-based conservation requires a large community of guards to patrol preserves and keep people out. in community-based conservation, local people are involved with protecting the habitat, allowing them to still gain benefit from its resources. community-based conservation focuses on protecting plant and animal communities rather than single species.
Community-based conservation is different from more traditional approaches to conservation because in community-based conservation, local people are involved with protecting the habitat, allowing them to still gain benefit from its resources.
What is conservation?
Conservation is a term in biology that refers to the management of earth and of nature's biodiversity with the aim of protecting species, their habitats, and ecosystems from excessive rates of extinction and the erosion of biotic interactions.
In community-based conservation, it involves efforts to protect biodiversity in which the local community participates as much as possible. Scientists and the people who live in a certain place work together to save species living there.
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what is the role of a promoter region of a gene? what is the role of a promoter region of a gene? serve as the original region of transcription of a gene. recruit rna polymerase to the transcriptional start site. recruit transcription factors that form the initiation complex. recruit rho protein to assist in transcription. protect the gene from mutations in intergenic regions.
Answer:
According to genomics, a gene's promoter is the area of DNA upstream of it where important proteins, such RNA polymerase and transcription factors, bind to start the gene's transcription. A molecule of RNA is created as a result of the transcription (such as mRNA).
Explanation:
Function of promoter region of a Gene :To ensure that you obtain strong and robust transcription of that gene, promoters can be highly complicated and collaborate with other DNA regions known as enhancers. This is a field that has grown significantly and contributed to our understanding of a wide range of disorders.To learn more about promoter region of a gene refer:
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According to genomics, a gene's promoter is the area of DNA upstream of it where important proteins, such RNA polymerase and transcription factors, bind to start the gene's transcription.
What is promoter?An area of DNA known as a promoter is where RNA polymerase starts to transcribe a gene. Promoter sequences are often found upstream of the transcription initiation site or at its 5′ terminus.
RNA polymerase and the required transcription factors bind to both promoters and transcription initiation sites. Promoter sequences identify the DNA strand that will be transcribed and describe the direction of transcription.
Promoters use the information RNA polymerase provides to them in these two steps to determine how lactase will be produced. Promoters can range in length from 100 to 1,000 base pairs.
Therefore, According to genomics, a gene's promoter is the area of DNA upstream of it where important proteins, such RNA polymerase and transcription factors, bind to start the gene's transcription.
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