The net operating income (NOI) is $807,098.10. None of the given options match this value exactly, but the closest option is $520,720.
To calculate the net operating income (NOI), we need to subtract the operating expenses and reserves from the income.
First, let's calculate the annual gross income:
$566,000 / year = ($566,000 / 12 months) x 12 months = $47,166.67 / month
Potential Gross Income (PGI) = $47,166.67 x 60 units = $2,829,999.20 / year
Reserve = 3% x PGI = 0.03 x $2,829,999.20 = $84,899.98 / year
Now, let's calculate the monthly operating expenses:
$20,000 / month x 12 months = $240,000 / year
So the net operating income (NOI) is:
NOI = PGI - vacancy - operating expenses - reserves
Vacancy = 3 units / month x 12 months = 36 units / year
NOI = $2,829,999.20 - ($47,166.67 x 36) - $240,000 - $84,899.98
NOI = $2,829,999.20 - $1,698,001.12 - $240,000 - $84,899.98
NOI = $807,098.10
Therefore, the net operating income (NOI) is $807,098.10. None of the given options match this value exactly, but the closest option is $520,720.
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Hackers from a foreign country disable most corporate computing systems. This disruption continues on and off for several months. What happens to SRAS?
The short-run aggregate supply (SRAS) curve would shift to the left as a result of the disruption to corporate computing systems caused by the foreign hackers.
This is because the disruption would lead to a decrease in productivity and output in the affected industries, which would result in higher costs of production and a decrease in the quantity supplied. As the disruption continues on and off for several months, the negative impact on productivity and output would likely persist, leading to a sustained shift of the SRAS curve to the left.
This would result in higher prices and lower output in the short run, and could potentially have long-term effects on the economy's productive capacity.
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Cash is the only kind of liquid asset.TrueFalse
The statement "Cash is the only kind of liquid asset" is false because there are other types of liquid assets.
Liquid assets are those that can be quickly and easily converted into cash without significant loss of value. Cash is the most liquid asset, as it can be used to make purchases or payments immediately. However, there are other liquid assets that can be easily converted into cash, such as government securities, stocks, and bonds that are traded in active markets.
These assets can be quickly sold for cash, allowing the holder to access their value with little delay or cost. In contrast, other types of assets, such as real estate or collectibles, may have a high value but are not as easily converted into cash, making them less liquid.
Therefore, while cash is an important type of liquid asset, there are other types of assets that can be easily converted into cash without significant loss of value.
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For the next five questions, consider a scenario based on theAghion and Tirole (1997) model. There is a Principal and an agent,and the principal needs to decide on which project to implement. Ifthe principal’s preferred project is implemented the agent gets b = 40 and the principal gets surplus of B = 120. If the agent’s preferred project is implemented the agent gets b = 90 and the principal gets a return of B = 80. Ex ante all projects look alike; assume that if the principal is uninformed she will follow the recommendation of the agent. The principal can expend effort E to become informed. The principal can either expend effort E = 0, which will give her a zero probability of becoming informed. Alternatively, she can expend effort E = c at the cost of c, which will mean that she is informed with probability ½ (that is, she is informed with probability ½ if effort cost is c). On the other hand, the agent can become informed at zero cost, so we can assume that he will always be informed. The principal has a choice – she can retain formal authority to make the decision for herself (P-formal authority), or she can delegate the formal decision making rights to the agent (delegation).11. If the principal has P-formal authority she will try to be informed (expend effort E = c). With delegation she will not bother putting in effort (E = 0). Ignoring her ex ante effort costs E, the principal’s expected return Up from P-formal authority and from delegation Upd are:a. Up = 115; Upd = 80b. Up = 150; Upd = 80c. Up = 90; Upd = 100d. Up = 100; Upd = 80 - ANSWERe. None of the above.12. What is the highest value of effort cost c such that the principal will choose to retain formal authority?a. 50b. 70c. 30d. 35e. 20 - ANSWERNow assume that this is an infinite horizon game in that there are an infinite number of periods, and in each period a project can be chosen to be implemented with the same potential payoffs as outlined above. All parties have a discount factor of δ, where 0 ≤ δ ≤ 1. Further, now assume that the principal cannot formally delegate authority to the agent, but would like to commit to not intervene using the following trigger strategy: In the first period choose to remain uninformed about the potential project but pay the agent $30. Then ask the agent for a recommendation and implement the agent’s recommendation. In any subsequent period, if the agent ‘cheated’ and did not recommended the principal’s preferred project in any previous period, she will expend effort E = c (that is, try to become informed, implement her preferred project if she can but follow the agent’s recommendation in that period otherwise). If the agent recommended the principal’s preferred project in every previous period, she will remain uninformed (E = 0), pay the agent $30 and follow the agent’s recommendation.13. What is the agent’s expected payoff Ua if he cooperates and recommends the principal’s preferred project in every period?a. Ua = 70/(1 – δ)b. Ua = 90c. Ua = 80/(1 – δ)d. Ua = 75/(1 + δ)e. Ua = 65/(1 - δ)14. What is the agent’s expected payoff Uach if he cheats and recommends his own preferred project?a. Uach = 120b. Uach = 120 + δ.65/(1 – δ)c. Uach = 120 + δ.40/(1 – δ)d. Uach = 100 + 80/(1 – δ)e. Uach = 100 + 90/(1 – δ)15. For what value of δ will this trigger strategy be able to sustain cooperation (in which the agent truthfully recommends the principal’s preferred project in every period, despite the principal being uninformed and the agent having real authority)?a. δ ≥ 1/5b. δ ≥ 4/5c. δ ≥ 5/8d. δ ≥ 3/4e. δ ≥ 10/11Can I please have help with Q13-15 with intuition and answers?
13. The agent's expected payoff Ua if he cooperates and recommends the principal's preferred project in every period is Ua = 70/(1 - δ). This is because if the agent cooperates, he will receive a payoff of 40 in every period, plus the $30 payment from the principal in the first period. Since this is an infinite horizon game, the present value of these payoffs is 70/(1 - δ).
14. The agent's expected payoff Uach if he cheats and recommends his own preferred project is Uach = 120 + δ.40/(1 - δ). This is because if the agent cheats, he will receive a payoff of 90 in every period, but the principal will eventually become informed and implement her preferred project, resulting in a one-time loss of 40 for the agent. The present value of these payoffs is 120 + δ.40/(1 - δ).
15. The trigger strategy can sustain cooperation if δ ≥ 3/4. Intuitively, this is because if the agent cheats and recommends his own preferred project, the principal will become informed and implement her preferred project, resulting in a loss of 40 for the agent. Since the agent's discount factor is δ, he values future payoffs less than present payoffs, so the threat of this loss in the future is enough to incentivize him to cooperate and recommend the principal's preferred project. When δ is less than 3/4, the agent values future payoffs too highly and is willing to risk the loss in the future to receive the higher payoffs from recommending his own preferred project in the present.
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Both Jeanette Winterson's The Stone Gods and Paolo Bacigalupi's "The Gambler" are quite cynical in their presentation of media and its complicity in environmental destruction. Evaluate the arguments they make about the media's tendency to drive human desire and ignorance in terms of the implications the media has in those texts.
In both Jeanette Winterson's The Stone Gods and Paolo Bacigalupi's "The Gambler," the authors present a cynical view of the media's role in environmental destruction. They argue that the media has a tendency to drive human desire and ignorance, ultimately leading to devastating consequences for the planet.
In The Stone Gods, Winterson presents a future world where the media is controlled by a powerful corporation that promotes consumerism and exploits natural resources. The protagonist, Billie, is a journalist who becomes disillusioned with her profession as she realizes the extent of the media's complicity in environmental destruction. Winterson suggests that the media's obsession with profit and sensationalism leads to a lack of concern for the long-term consequences of their actions, and ultimately contributes to the destruction of the planet.
Similarly, in "The Gambler," Bacigalupi presents a world where the media is controlled by corporations that profit from environmental degradation. The protagonist, Rafael, is a journalist who becomes embroiled in a dangerous game of corporate greed and political corruption. Bacigalupi argues that the media's obsession with profit and sensationalism leads to a lack of accountability and transparency, which ultimately enables corporations to continue exploiting the environment for their own gain.
Overall, both Winterson and Bacigalupi suggest that the media's complicity in environmental destruction has far-reaching implications for the planet and its inhabitants. By promoting consumerism and exploiting natural resources, the media contributes to a culture of ignorance and apathy, which ultimately exacerbates the environmental crisis. As such, it is important to be aware of the media's role in shaping our attitudes and behaviors towards the environment, and to hold the media accountable for its actions.
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johnson co. has 1,000,000 euros as payables due in 30 days, and is certain that the euro is going to appreciate substantially over time. assuming the firm is correct, the ideal strategy is to
Johnson Co.'s ideal strategy would be to convert the domestic currency to euros immediately, hedge the currency risk with a forward or futures contract, and monitor the foreign exchange market for any significant changes.
Johnson Co. has 1,000,000 euros as payables due in 30 days and is certain that the euro is going to appreciate substantially over time. Assuming the firm is correct, the ideal strategy is to:
1. Convert the required amount of domestic currency (e.g., USD) to euros immediately. By doing this, Johnson Co. can lock in the current exchange rate, ensuring that they have enough euros to meet their payables due in 30 days.
2. Use a forward contract or currency futures contract to hedge the currency risk. A forward contract allows Johnson Co. to agree on an exchange rate today for a transaction that will occur at a specific future date. A currency futures contract is a standardized version of a forward contract, traded on an exchange. This way, the company can secure the current exchange rate, minimizing the risk of the euro appreciating before their payables are due.
3. Monitor the foreign exchange market closely to stay informed about any substantial changes in the value of the euro. This can help Johnson Co. make informed decisions regarding their foreign exchange exposure and potentially adjust their strategy if needed.
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which of the following likely will lead to revenue recognition at a point in time? (select all that apply.) multiple select question. buyer has legal title to the asset buyer has accepted the asset seller has legal title to the asset seller has possession of the asset
The following likely will lead to revenue recognition at a point in time:
- Buyer has legal title to the asset
- Buyer has accepted the asset
Revenue recognition typically occurs at a point in time when the buyer has legal title to the asset and has accepted it. Possession of the asset by the seller or legal title held by the seller alone does not necessarily result in revenue recognition. This is because the transfer of legal title alone does not always indicate that the risks and rewards of ownership have been transferred to the buyer. However, when the buyer has legal title and has accepted the asset, it is generally considered that the transfer of ownership and the associated risks and rewards have occurred, and revenue can be recognized at that point in time.
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aliber's common stock is selling at $97 and a 1 month call option on the stock is $4. the exercise price is $100. the risk-free rate is 8% per year. what is the price of a 1 month put with an exercise price of $100. assume options are european options.
To calculate the price of a 1 month put with an exercise price of $100, we can use the put-call parity formula:
Put Price + Stock Price = Call Price + Present Value of Exercise Price Therefore, the price of a 1-month put with an exercise price of $100 is $6.36, assuming options are European options.
Rearranging the formula, we can solve for the put price:
Put Price = Call Price + Present Value of Exercise Price - Stock Price
We already know the call price is $4, the exercise price is $100, and the stock price is $97. To calculate the present value of the exercise price, we need to use the risk-free rate of 8% per year. Since the option is for 1 month, we need to divide the rate by 12 to get the monthly risk-free rate, which is 0.67%.
Present Value of Exercise Price = Exercise Price * e^(-Risk-Free Rate * Time)
Time = 1/12 (since the option is for 1 month)
e = 2.71828 (the mathematical constant)
Present Value of Exercise Price = $100 * e^(-0.0067 * 1/12) = $99.36
Plugging these values into the put-call parity formula:
Put Price = $4 + $99.36 - $97 = $6.36
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Why should we care about public opinion?What is public opinion and how do we measure it? Name two typesof public opinion and explain the distinction. What are thelimitations of public opinion resea
Public opinion refers to the collective views, beliefs, and attitudes of individuals within a society or community on a specific issue or topic.
It is essential to care about public opinion because it helps inform decision-making processes, influences policy development, and reflects the overall well-being and satisfaction of a society. Public opinion can be measured through various methods such as surveys, polls, focus groups, and social media analysis. These methods aim to gather data and insights on the attitudes and beliefs of individuals towards a specific issue or topic.
Two types of public opinion based on how they are expressed include :
1) Latent public opinion refers to attitudes and beliefs that individuals hold but have not yet expressed publicly. 2)Manifest public opinion, on the other hand, refers to attitudes and beliefs that individuals have expressed publicly, either through voting, protests, or other forms of public expression.
Further more division of public opinion can be based on information within public includes :
1. Informed public opinion: These opinions are based on accurate information and critical thinking, leading to a deeper understanding of a particular issue.
2. Uninformed public opinion: These opinions are based on limited information or understanding, which can lead to superficial or biased viewpoints on an issue.
There are several limitations of public opinion research, including:
1. Sampling bias: If the sample used in a survey or poll is not representative of the overall population, the results may be skewed and not accurately reflect public opinion.
2. Response bias: Participants may provide socially desirable answers or be influenced by the question's wording, leading to inaccurate results.
3. Non-response bias: People who choose not to participate in a survey or poll may have different opinions than those who do participate, creating a potential bias in the results.
Despite these limitations, public opinion research is valuable in understanding societal attitudes, preferences, and priorities, which can ultimately influence policy and decision-making processes.
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How would you interpret a 98% confidence interval for the average speed an Edmontonian drives?
Select one:
a. In repeated samples, 98% of these confidence intervals will contain the population mean.
b. In repeated samples, 98% of these confidence intervals will contain the sample mean.
c. We are 98% sure that Edmontonian is driving to get a board game, so shouldn't they really be driving faster?Not unsafely fast, but we're talking about board games here.In fact, buy many board games so that next time the time spent driving can be spent gaming instead.
d. We are 98% sure that the population mean lies in our confidence interval.
e. We are 98% sure that the sample mean lies in our confidence interval.
The correct interpretation of a 98% confidence interval for the average speed an Edmontonian drives is that we are 98% sure that the population mean lies in our confidence interval.
How to determine the interpretation of confidence intervalIn repeated samples, 98% of these confidence intervals will contain the true average speed of all Edmontonian drivers. It does not mean that 98% of these intervals will contain the sample mean or that we should encourage unsafe driving for the sake of board games.
The confidence interval is a statistical tool used to estimate the range of values that the true population mean is likely to fall within, based on a sample of data.
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Suppose you are interested in studying the effect of education on wages (controlling for IQ and parental income): wage; = Bo + Bieduc + B.IQ. + B, Par Inc; +1 where weekly wages are measured in dollars, IQ is measured in points, education is measured in years, and average parental income is measured in tens of thousands of dollars. You want to test if the effect of IQ on wage is double that of schooling. 1 a) What are your null and alternative hypotheses? b) Write down the restricted model. c) Suppose that Ryr = 0.800, RR = 0.550, and n = 100. Conduct and interpret an F-test at the a = = 0.01 significance level.
(a) The null and alternative hypotheses are the impact of IQ in wage. (b) Bo + B.IQ/2 + B.educ + B.Par Inc + 1 (c) The F-values are greater.
a) The null hypothesis (H0) is that the effect of IQ on wage is not double that of schooling, meaning B.IQ = 2B.educ. The alternative hypothesis (Ha) is that the effect of IQ on wage is double that of schooling, meaning B.IQ = 2B.educ.
b) The restricted model would be wage = Bo + B.IQ/2 + B.educ + B.Par Inc + 1.
c) To conduct the F-test, calculate the F-statistic, which is the ratio of the explained variance to the unexplained variance. The formula for the F-statistic is F = ((RR - Ryr)/2) / ((1 - RR)/(n - 4)), where RR is the multiple R-squared from the unrestricted model and Ryr is the multiple R-squared from the restricted model.
Plugging in the given values, F = ((0.550 - 0.800)/2) / ((1 - 0.550)/(100 - 4)) = 10.84.
Using a significance level of 0.01 and degrees of freedom of 2 and 95, the critical F-value is 6.61. Since calculated F-value is larger than the critical value, we reject the null hypothesis and conclude that the effect of IQ on wage is double that of schooling.
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(5 points) Your pizza restaurant plans to invest $20,000 in a new oven that will generates $4,000 net revenues annually beginning the end year 1 through end of year 5. At the end of year 6, the annual net revenue and sale of the oven brings in $2,000. The interest rate to use in the calculation is 6 percent. What is the net present value of the investment?
The net present value of the investment ise negative.To calculate the net present value of this investment, we need to discount the future net revenues back to their present value. First, we need to calculate the present value of the net revenues generated in years 1-5. We can use the formula:
PV = FV / (1 + r)^n
Where PV is the present value, FV is the future value, r is the interest rate, and n is the number of periods.
Using this formula, we can calculate the present value of the net revenues for years 1-5:
PV1-5 = 4000 / (1 + 0.06)^1 + 4000 / (1 + 0.06)^2 + 4000 / (1 + 0.06)^3 + 4000 / (1 + 0.06)^4 + 4000 / (1 + 0.06)^5
PV1-5 = $17,809.27
Next, we need to calculate the present value of the net revenue and sale in year 6:
PV6 = 2000 / (1 + 0.06)^6
PV6 = $1,342.71
Now we can calculate the net present value by subtracting the initial investment of $20,000 from the total present value of the net revenues:
NPV = PV1-5 + PV6 - $20,000
NPV = $17,809.27 + $1,342.71 - $20,000
NPV = -$840.02
Based on these calculations, the net present value of the investment is negative, which means that the investment is not profitable and should not be pursued.
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9. How does Lewis explain economic development with his thesis"the modern-sector growth in a two-sector economy"?
Lewis explains economic development through his thesis of "modern-sector growth in a two-sector economy" by arguing that traditional agriculture-based economies can transition into modern industrialized economies through the growth of a modern sector.
The modern sector is typically made up of manufacturing, services, and technology industries, which provide higher wages and greater productivity than the traditional agricultural sector. This modern sector growth creates a demand for labor, and as workers move from the traditional sector to the modern sector, productivity and output increase, leading to overall economic growth and development. Lewis argues that this process of industrialization and modernization can lead to significant improvements in living standards and economic opportunities for developing countries.
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Consider two firms with the following marginal abatement costs (MAC) as a function of emissions (E): MAC1 = 16 - 2E1 MAC2 = 10 - E2 Assume that marginal external damages (MED) from the aggregate emissions of both firms (i.e., EA = E1 + E2) is: MED = EA The socially efficient level of aggregate emissions (E*A) is ____.
Socially efficient level of aggregate emissions is 24.
How to find the level of emissions?Mathematically, we need to solve the following optimization problem:
minimize MAC1(E1) + MAC2(E2) + MED(E1 + E2)
subject to E1 ≥ 0 and E2 ≥ 0
Substituting the given MAC and MED functions, we get:
minimize (16 - 2E1) + (10 - E2) + (E1 + E2)
subject to E1 ≥ 0 and E2 ≥ 0
Simplifying and rearranging, we get:
minimize 24 - E1 - E2
subject to E1 ≥ 0 and E2 ≥ 0
This objective function is minimized when E1 = E2 = 12, which gives us a total emission level of E*A = E1 + E2 = 24.
Therefore, the socially efficient level of aggregate emissions is 24.
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Conventional farming creates problems for the environment. An international team of experts proposed some steps to help solve such problems, including ______.
Yes, conventional farming can create problems for the environment, including soil erosion, water pollution, and loss of biodiversity.
An international team of experts has proposed some steps to help solve such problems, including:
1. Promoting sustainable farming practices: The experts suggest that farmers should adopt more sustainable farming practices, such as crop rotation, reduced tillage, and the use of cover crops.
2. Encouraging agroforestry: Agroforestry involves the integration of trees into agricultural systems. This approach can help to reduce soil erosion, increase biodiversity, and provide additional sources of income for farmers.
3. Reducing the use of pesticides and fertilizers: The experts suggest that farmers should reduce their reliance on synthetic pesticides and fertilizers, which can pollute waterways and harm beneficial insects and wildlife.
4. Supporting organic farming: The experts propose that more support should be given to organic farming, which avoids the use of synthetic pesticides and fertilizers and focuses on soil health and biodiversity.
5. Investing in research and education: The experts suggest that more research should be conducted into sustainable farming practices and that farmers should be provided with education and training to help them adopt these practices.
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True/False: The "cradle to grave" mindset used by operational headquarters to facilitate integration of lethal and nonlethal actions to achieve desired outcomes begins with planning and continues to further refinement via the assessment process.
The statement "The "cradle to grave" mindset used by operational headquarters to facilitate integration of lethal and nonlethal actions to achieve desired outcomes begins with planning and continues to further refinement via the assessment process is True.
The "cradle to grave" mindset refers to the comprehensive approach used by operational headquarters to facilitate the integration of lethal and nonlethal actions in order to achieve desired outcomes.
This approach begins with planning and continues through the execution phase, and then further refinement via the assessment process.
It is a cyclical process that enables a continuous evaluation and adjustment of plans and actions, as well as the integration of feedback and lessons learned, to achieve the desired outcomes.
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Could You Find a Way To Reduce The Debt? $21 trillion is a lot of money, and it is the approximate level of the national debt in 2018. How would you to attempt to cut outlays in the annual budget of the federal government so that a fiscal surplus could be applied to the debt. Examine the four largest areas of government outlays and suggest some ways that cuts could be made in each one. Don't be afraid of thorough explanation.
Reducing the national debt is a complex issue that requires a multifaceted approach. One possible strategy to reduce the debt would be to cut government outlays in key areas of spending, such as entitlements, defense, healthcare, and education.
One way to cut entitlement spending would be to gradually raise the retirement age for Social Security and Medicare benefits. Another approach would be to means-test these programs, so that only those who truly need assistance receive benefits. In addition, reducing fraud and waste within entitlement programs could help save money.
Regarding defense spending, reducing the size of the military and scaling back on costly weapons programs could help save money. The US could also consider reducing its military presence overseas, as this is a significant cost driver.
In terms of healthcare spending, promoting preventative care and encouraging healthy lifestyles could help reduce costs associated with chronic illnesses. Additionally, negotiating drug prices with pharmaceutical companies and reducing administrative costs within the healthcare system could help save money.
Lastly, with regards to education, consolidating federal student loan programs and reducing subsidies to for-profit colleges could help save money. Encouraging more efficient use of resources in public education systems could also help cut costs.
Overall, reducing the national debt will require a combination of spending cuts and revenue increases, as well as political will to address the issue.
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in sport marketing, a team or organization's attempt to communicate with and reward fans as they enter the sport venue
The vocabulary term for "In sports marketing, a team or organization's attempt to communicate with and reward fans as they enter the sports venue" is gate activation or walk-in promotions.
"Walk-in promotions" is another term that can be used to describe the marketing strategies employed by sports teams or organizations to engage with fans as they enter the sports venue. Walk-in promotions are usually offered to fans who purchase tickets to the game and are designed to increase their excitement and enjoyment of the event.
These promotions can take many forms, such as free merchandise, discounts on future ticket purchases, or exclusive access to meet-and-greets with players or coaches. The goal of walk-in promotions is similar to gate activation, in that it aims to enhance the fan experience and strengthen the relationship between the team/organization and its fans.
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The complete question is:
"What's the vocabulary term for -In sports marketing, a team or organization's attempt to communicate with and reward fans as they enter the sports venue?"
which employee is likely to be the best employee? multiple choice high in agreeableness high in consientiousness high in neuroticism high in extraversion high in openness
The top workers are always looking for new methods to develop themselves and give more to the business. They pay attention, consider criticism seriously, and are receptive to new ideas.
They don't hesitate to ask inquiries or look for assistance when necessary. Successful workers aren't scared to voice their opinions or offer suggestions. They also know how to control their enthusiasm so that it doesn't lead to tearing down existing procedures or concepts.
But rather to discover ways to work together to be more productive and enhance the results of existing procedures. Someone who can be trusted by management to do a good job is a good employee.
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51. An independent auditor finds that the Simmer Corporation occupies office space, at no charge, in an office building owned by a shareholder. This finding indicates the existence of: A. Management fraud. B. Related party transactions. C. Window dressing. D. Weak internal control.
The independent auditor's finding that the Simmer Corporation occupies office space in a building owned by a shareholder is an indication of the existence of related party transactions.The correct option is B.
Related party transactions refer to financial transactions that occur between two parties who have a close relationship or connection with each other, such as family members, business partners, or entities with common ownership.
In this case, the Simmer Corporation and the shareholder who owns the office building have a close relationship, and as a result, the rental arrangement may not be at arm's length. The rental arrangement could be advantageous to the Simmer Corporation as it is receiving office space at no charge, and the shareholder could also benefit as it can be used as a tax deduction.
Related party transactions can raise concerns about the integrity of financial reporting and can lead to conflicts of interest.
Therefore, it is important for companies to have strong internal controls and for auditors to thoroughly investigate any related party transactions to ensure that they are disclosed appropriately in financial statements and are conducted at arm's length.
The correct option is B.
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There is a beautiful lake that is maintained using voluntary donations from residents in the area. Annually, 2,1002,100 people donate $120$120 each. However, they are angry because others who do not donate still get to enjoy the lake. The local government agrees to prohibit people from using the lake if they do not contribute to its upkeep. Consequently, the number of contributors rises to 3,1003,100 people. Excluding free riders from using the lake is difficult and costs up to $182,000$182,000 annually. The amount required to maintain the lake does not change.
How much would each lake user have to pay annually to cover the total costs of maintenance and security under the new system? Enter your answer in the box below and round to the nearest whole number if necessary
Each lake user would have to pay $148$ annually to cover the total costs of maintenance and security under the new system.
Explanation:
Under the old system, the total amount collected annually was:
$2,100 \cdot 120 = 252,000$
Under the new system, the total amount collected annually is:
$3,100 \cdot 120 = 372,000$
The additional cost of excluding free riders is $182,000$ annually.
So the total cost of maintenance and security under the new system is:
$252,000 + $182,000 = $434,000
To find out how much each lake user would have to pay, we divide the total cost by the number of contributors:
$434,000 / 3,100 = $140$
Rounding to the nearest whole number gives us $148.
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What is nother name for the Pertrarchan sonnet?
Another name for the Petrarchan sonnet is the Italian sonnet. The Petrarchan sonnet was named after the Italian poet Francesco Petrarca (Petrarch) who popularized this form of poetry in the 14th century.
The Petrarchan sonnet typically consists of 14 lines, with an octave (eight lines) and a sestet (six lines), and follows a specific rhyme scheme. The octave usually presents a problem or situation, and the sestet provides a resolution or conclusion. This sonnet form became popular in Italian literature and was later adopted by poets writing in other languages, including English.
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5. Green Acres Fertilizer Company is located near Lucy's Dry-Cleaning Service. In its production process, green Acres emits noxious odors that are absorbed by the clothing that Lucy is cleaning. The result is that Lucy has lost many customers over time. Lucy estimates that the odors cost her business $10,000 per year. Green Acres can eliminate its odors by altering its production process at a cost of $12,000 per year. a. If Green Acres has the right to emit odors, what will the socially optimal outcome be? How will it be reached? Will any money change hands? b. If Lucy has the right to odor-free air, what will the socially ooptimal outcome be?? How will it be reached? Will any money change hands?
If Green Acres were to alter its production process, it would incur a cost of $12,000 per year, but no money would change hands between the two companies. Green Acres would incur a cost of $12,000 per year, and it is possible that some compensation would be negotiated between the two companies to offset this cost.
a. If Green Acres has the right to emit odors, the socially optimal outcome would be for Green Acres to continue emitting odors as long as the benefit to the company exceeds the cost imposed on Lucy's business. However, if the cost of the odors to Lucy's business exceeds the benefit to Green Acres, then it would be socially optimal for Green Acres to alter its production process to eliminate the odors. This could be reached through negotiations between the two companies or through government regulation. If Green Acres were to alter its production process, it would incur a cost of $12,000 per year, but no money would change hands between the two companies.
b. If Lucy has the right to odor-free air, the socially optimal outcome would be for Green Acres to alter its production process to eliminate the odors at a cost of $12,000 per year. This would be reached through negotiations between the two companies or through government regulation. Lucy's business would be saved from losing customers and the overall quality of life in the community would improve. However, Green Acres would incur a cost of $12,000 per year, and it is possible that some compensation would be negotiated between the two companies to offset this cost.
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4. A firm has $2 million in sales, a Lerner index of 0.63, and a marginal cost of $75, and competes against 600 other firms in its relevant market. a. What price does this firm charge its customers? b. By what factor does this firm mark up its price over marginal cost? c. Do you think this firm enjoys much market power? Explain.
a. To find the price the firm charges its customers, we can use the Lerner index formula: L = (P - MC) / P, where L is the Lerner index, P is the price, and MC is the marginal cost.
In this case, L = 0.63 and MC = $75. Rearranging the formula to solve for P, we get P = MC / (1 - L) = 75 / (1 - 0.63) = 75 / 0.37 ≈ $202.70. So, the firm charges its customers approximately $202.70. b.
To determine the markup factor, we can divide the price by the marginal cost: Markup Factor = P / MC = 202.70 / 75 ≈ 2.70. This means the firm marks up its price by a factor of 2.70 over its marginal cost. c. A Lerner index of 0.63 indicates that the firm has significant market power, as the index ranges from 0 (no market power) to 1 (monopoly).
a. To determine the price the firm charges its customers, we can use the formula for the Lerner index: L = (P - MC) / P, where L is the Lerner index, P is price, and MC is marginal cost. Rearranging the formula, we get P = MC / (1 - L). Plugging in the values given, we get P = $75 / (1 - 0.63) = $203.70. Therefore, the firm charges its customers $203.70.
b. To determine the markup factor, we can use the formula: Markup = (Price - Marginal Cost) / Marginal Cost. Plugging in the values given, we get Markup = ($203.70 - $75) / $75 = 1.71. Therefore, the firm marks up its price over marginal cost by a factor of 1.71.
c. The Lerner index measures a firm's market power, with a higher index indicating more market power. The firm in question has a Lerner index of 0.63, which suggests it has some market power. However, we also know that there are 600 other firms competing in the relevant market, which could limit the firm's market power. Therefore, it is difficult to say for certain whether or not this firm enjoys much market power without additional information.
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The general purpose of the Code is defined by the four broad "powers" conferred on the Commissioner and the Department of Insurance:
The Code empowers the Commissioner and Department of Insurance to regulate, supervise, enforce and promote the insurance industry for the protection of consumers.
The Code's goals are to safeguard consumer interests and provide the insurance sector with a regulated framework. Regulation, supervision, enforcement, and promotion are the four broad authorities provided to the Commissioner and the Department of Insurance to accomplish this. The ability to regulate enables the creation of guidelines and benchmarks for the insurance sector.
The enforcement power guarantees that the Code is followed, while the supervision power allows for the inspection of insurance operations. The ability to promote helps the sector grow and promotes customer awareness and knowledge.
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Ending inventory for the current accounting period is overstated by $2,700. What effect will this error have on the Cost of goods sold and Net income?
A. Cost of goods sold Understated; Net income Overstated.
B. Cost of goods sold Overstated; Net income Overstated.
C. Cost of goods sold Understated; Net income Understated.
D. Cost of goods sold Overstated; Net income Understated.
The error of overstating the ending inventory by $2,700 will have the cost of goods sold Overstated; Net income Understated effect on the cost of goods sold and net income. Option D is correct.
An error in overstating the ending inventory means that the cost of goods sold will be understated by the same amount, which will result in an overstatement of the gross profit and net income.
To calculate net income, gross profit (sales minus cost of goods sold) is subtracted from operating expenses and other income or gains. If the cost of goods sold is understated, the gross profit will be overstated, and subsequently, the net income will also be overstated.
Therefore, an error of overstating the ending inventory will lead to an overstatement of the gross profit and net income. So, the correct option is D.
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What are the 2 types of uncertainty we are trying to account for with safety stock?
As a buffer against unforeseen circumstances, safety stock takes the form of: Surplus demand. supplier lag time. incorrect inventory or demand projections.
Keeping a safety stock is a well-known strategy to deal with demand and supply uncertainties. Yet, because safety stock is utilized as a buffer, it is pricey. Note that safety stock depends on three primary variables: forecast uncertainty, the number of orders to fill (order period), and the product's confidence factor.
Safety stock covers demand until the supply chain can fill the void caused by inaccurate forecasts and changes in demand. Safety stock serves as a demand buffer, in other words.
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Justify all answers!6.- If the central bank buys 1000 bonds in the open market and we assume a reserve-deposit ratio of 20% and an effective-deposit ratio of 10%, the operation Will translate into a decrease in the monetary base of 3367, Will certain? Justify
Funds are demanded and supplied in the: A) money market. B) goods and services market. C) labor market. D) transfer market.
Funds are demanded and supplied in the money market. The money market refers to the market where short-term financial instruments such as Treasury bills, commercial paper, and certificates of deposit are traded.Option (a)
In this market, participants include individuals, corporations, and financial institutions who demand funds to meet their short-term liquidity needs or invest their surplus funds. On the other hand, the suppliers of funds in this market include individuals, corporations, and financial institutions who have excess cash and are looking for a place to park their money for a short period of time.
The money market is essential in facilitating the efficient allocation of funds and plays a critical role in the overall functioning of the economy.
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The per capital GDP of the united states is-----than the per capital GDP of Afghanistan and Haiti. This indicates that the lifespan and wellbeing of residents is ------ in the U.S
A. significantly higher; mosh better for residents
b. sightly worse; much better
c. about the same; not related to GDP
D. mesured differently; the same as
e. less important; insignificant
A. significantly higher; much better for residents.
The per capita GDP of the United States is significantly higher than that of Afghanistan and Haiti. This suggests that the average resident in the US has a higher standard of living, including access to better healthcare, education, and other services that contribute to overall wellbeing.
While GDP is not a perfect measure of wellbeing, it is generally correlated with higher levels of economic development, which can translate into better outcomes for residents.
Therefore, the higher per capita GDP in the US is likely indicative of a higher quality of life for its residents.
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What is the message to take away from the illustrations, "Beer Street," and, "Beer Alley"?
The message to take away from the illustrations "Beer Street" and "Beer Alley" by William Hogarth is a warning against the dangers of excessive drinking.
The message to take away from the illustrations "Beer Street" and "Beer Alley" is a commentary on the social issues of 18th-century England, particularly the dangers of excessive drinking and its consequences on society. In "Beer Street," the artist William Hogarth depicts a scene of people enjoying a moderate amount of beer, showcasing a thriving and healthy community. In contrast, "Beer Alley" presents a grim scene of extreme poverty and moral degradation caused by excessive gin consumption.
The message to take away from these illustrations is the importance of moderation in alcohol consumption and the potential negative impact of excessive drinking on individuals and society as a whole. These images serve as a cautionary tale about the dangers of alcohol abuse and the need for social responsibility.
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