An 845–g bar of ice is initially at –25 °C. The latent heat of fusion of ice is 334 kJ/kg, the specific heat of ice is 2050 J/(kg·°C), and the specific heat of water is 4180 J/(kg·°C). Determine how much energy is required if the final temperature of the system is to reach 39 °C.

Answers

Answer 1

Taking into account the definition of calorimetry, sensible heat and latent heat, the amount of heat required is 463.28 kJ.

Calorimetry, sensible heat and latent heat

Calorimetry is the measurement and calculation of the amounts of heat exchanged by a body or a system.

Sensible heat is defined as the amount of heat that a body absorbs or releases without any changes in its physical state (phase change).

Latent heat is defined as the energy required by a quantity of substance to change state.

When this change consists of changing from a solid to a liquid phase, it is called heat of fusion and when the change occurs from a liquid to a gaseous state, it is called heat of vaporization.

Energy required in this case-25°C to 0 °C

In firts place, the melting point of water (temperature at which it changes state from solid to liquid) is 0°C.

So, first of all you must increase the temperature from -25 ° C (in solid state) to 0 ° C, in order to supply heat without changing state (sensible heat).

The amount of heat a body receives or transmits is determined by:

Q = c× m× ΔT

where Q is the heat exchanged by a body of mass m, made up of a specific heat substance c and where ΔT is the temperature variation.

In this case, you know:

c(ice)= 2050 [tex]\frac{J}{kgC}[/tex] m= 845 g= 0.845 kgΔT= Tfinal - Tinitial= 0 °C - (-25) °C= 25 °C

Replacing:

Q1= 2050 [tex]\frac{J}{kgC}[/tex]  × 0.845 kg× 25 °C

Solving:

Q1= 43,306.25 = 43.3 kJ

Change of state

The heat Q that is necessary to provide for a mass m of a certain substance to change phase is equal to

Q = m×L

where L is called the latent heat of the substance and depends on the type of phase change.

In this case, you know:

n= 0.845 kgΔHfus= 334 [tex]\frac{kJ}{kg}[/tex]

Replacing:

Q2= 0.845 kg× 334[tex]\frac{kJ}{kg}[/tex]

Solving:

Q2= 282.23  KJ

0 °C to 39 °C

Similar to sensible heat previously calculated, you know:

c(liquid)= 4180[tex]\frac{J}{kgC}[/tex]m= 0.845 kgΔT= Tfinal - Tinitial= 39 °C - 0 °C= 39 °C

Replacing:

Q3= 4180 [tex]\frac{J}{kgC}[/tex] × 0.845 kg× 39 °C

Solving:

Q3= 137,751.9 J= 137.75 kJ

Total heat required

The total heat required is calculated as:  

Total heat required= 43.3 kJ + 282.23 kJ + 137.75 kJ

Total heat required= 463.28 kJ

In summary, the amount of heat required is 463.28 kJ.

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Answer 2

The amount of energy required if the final temperature of the system is to reach 39 °C is 463288.15 J

How to determine the heat required change the temperature from –25 °C to 0 °C Mass  (M) = 845 g = 845 / 1000 = 0.845 KgInitial temperature (T₁) = –25 °C Final temperature (T₂) = 0 °Change in temperature (ΔT) = 0 – (–25) = 25 °C Specific heat capacity (C) = 2050 J/(kg·°C) Heat (Q₁) =?

Q = MCΔT

Q₁ = 0.845 × 2050 × 25

Q₁ = 43306.25 J

How to determine the heat required to melt the ice at 0 °Mass (m) = 0.845 KgLatent heat of fusion (L) = 334 KJ/Kg = 334 × 1000 = 334000 J/KgHeat (Q₂) =?

Q = mL

Q₂ = 0.845 × 334000

Q₂ = 282230 J

How to determine the heat required to change the temperature from 0 °C to 39 °C Mass  (M) = 0.845 KgInitial temperature (T₁) = 0 °C Final temperature (T₂) = 39 °Change in temperature (ΔT) = 39 – 0 = 39 °C Specific heat capacity (C) = 4180 J/(kg·°C)Heat (Q₃) =?

Q = MCΔT

Q₃ = 0.845 × 4180 × 39

Q₃ = 137751.9 J

How to determine the heat required to change the temperature from –25 °C to 39 °CHeat for –25 °C to 0°C (Q₁) = 43306.25 JHeat for melting (Q₂) = 282230 JHeat for 0 °C to 39 °C (Q₃) = 137751.9 JHeat for –25 °C to 39 °C (Qₜ) =?

Qₜ = Q₁ + Q₂ + Q₃

Qₜ = 43306.25 + 282230 + 137751.9

Qₜ = 463288.15 J

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Related Questions

The average reaction time is 1.5 seconds?

True
False

Answers

Answer:

false

Explanation:

The average reaction time for humans is 0.25 seconds to a visual stimulus, 0.17 for an audio stimulus, and 0.15 seconds for a touch stimulus.

How much work would a child do while pulling 12kg wagon distance of 4.3m with a 22N force?

Answers

[tex]\huge{\color{red}{\fbox{\textsf{\textbf{Answer}}}}} [/tex]

94.6J

Explanation:

Force (F) = 22N

mass (m) = 12kg

distance (S) = 4.3m

While

[tex] \sf Work \: done = Force \times distance[/tex]

This means

W = FS

while mass has no role in equation

Now substituting the required values

[tex] \sf W = 4.3 \times 22 \\ \\ \sf W = 94.6J[/tex]

by observing ___ we can determine what kind of atoms or molecules are present and their relative abundance

Answers

The kind of atoms or molecules are present and their relative abundance can be determined by observing wavelengths.

What is wavelength?

Wavelength is the distance between adjacent crest or trough of the wave.

The light travels in the form of wave and particle. It behaves like both. Light ray consist energy of the photons. The kind of atoms or molecules present behave like particle and they have particular wavelength.

Thus, by observing wavelength , we can determine the kind of atoms or  molecules are present and their relative abundance.

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What fitness components can impact a soccer players performance?

A) Dribbling, passing, shooting and heading

B) Physical, emotional, and cognitive factors

C) Cardiovascular, muscular strength/power, muscular endurance

D) None of the above

Answers

Answer:

C) Cardiovascular, muscular strength/power, muscular endurance

Explanation:

I did take the quiz

Answer:

C) Cardiovascular, muscular strength/power, muscular endurance

Explanation:

!!!
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION
If a simple machine has a MA of 5 and you lift an object UP 2 m, how far must you push the
object along the ramp's surface?
0.5 m
10 m
0.2 m
1 m

Answers

Answer:

0.5

Explanation:

I think it is this beacause if u have the answer you have that

Calculate the de moglie Wavelength of election having kinetic energy of 400 ev​

Answers

Answer:

613.5 pm

Explanation:

We know that de Broglie wavelength of an electron :

λ = 1.227 / √E nm

λ = 1.227 / √400 nm

λ = 1.227 / 20 nm

λ = 0.6135 nm

λ = 0.6135 x 10⁻⁹ m

λ = 613.5 x 10⁻¹² m

λ = 613.5 pm

Wavelength

Wavelength of election having kinetic energy of 400 ev.

Solution:

WE = 1.227 / √election nmWE = 1.227 / √e400nmWE = 1.227 / √20nmWE = 0.6136nmWE = 0.6136 x 10-⁹mWE = 613.5 x 10-¹²mWE = 613.5

what is the formula to calculate area of sphere

Answers

Answer

A=4 Pie R square

explanation

Which landscape feature can be caused by chemical
weathering?
OU-shaped valley
O Basalt columns
O Limestone caves

Answers

Answer: Limestone Caves

Explanation: The most common feature that can be caused purely by chemical weathering is Karst Landscape, which can lead to caverns and sinkholes.

Assume the roller coaster experiences no friction. What would be the speed of the roller
coaster at point F? Defend your answer in 1-2 sentences.

Answers

The roller coaster experiences no friction, the speed of the roller

coaster at point F is mathematically given as

v=  65.72 m/s

What would be the speed of the roller coaster at point F?

Generally, the equation for the Mechanical enegy is is mathematically given as

ME = mgh + 1/2mv^2

Therefore

ME= 80*9.8*200 + 1/2*80*20^2

ME= 172800 J

In conclusion, the speed of the roller coaster at point F is

ME=1/2*m*V^2

172800 = 1/2*80*V^2

v=  65.72 m/s

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Question 9
2 pts
At a stop light, a truck traveling at 15 m/s passes a car as it starts from rest. The truck travels at
constant velocity and the car accelerates at 3 m/s². How much time does the car take to catch up
to the truck?
O 15 s
O 10 s
05 s
O 25 s
20 s

Answers

the car take to catch up to the truck =  same distance

d truck = d car

vt = vot+1/2 at² (vo=0, from rest)

vt = 1/2at²

15t=1.5t²

1.5t²-15t=0

t(1.5t-15)=0

t = 0 or

1.5t=15⇒ t=10 s

What is one way that trees can be like fossil fuels? A. They do not produce carbon dioxide when burned. B. They both grow. C. We can use our supply fa … ster than they can be replenished. D. They can not be replenished at all.

Answers

Answer:

Answer C. But don't be surprised if it isn't.

Explanation:

You can't use D. Trees can be replenished. Maybe not as well as God planted them in the first place, but we can replenish them.

A is incorrect. when burned, trees will produce CO2. In fact, trees produce more CO2 when burned that do fossil fuels do

Fossil fuels don't grow. Their rate of discovery might, but they themselves don't grow. Not B

C is your only choice. The problem is that it is not entirely true. We can replenish trees. Whether enough trees can be used as a clean fuel and be replaced in amounts we are used is the question.

Define the concept of heat. What is heat?

Answers

Answer:

In a simplest terms,

temperature is how hot or cold an object is, while heat is the energy that flows from a hotter object to cooler one

What is heat?
The transfer of energy between objects of different temperatures

What is standard one kilogram?​

Answers

Explanation:

Standard one kilogram is the mass of a platinium- iridium cylinder having equal diameter at the height kept at 0⁰C at the International bureau of Weights and Measures, held in paris in France. The accurate copies of atandard one kilogram are prepared to Measures mass in different countries.....

[tex]....[/tex]

It is defined as the mass of a particular international prototype made of platinum-iridium and kept at the International Bureau of Weights and Measures. It was originally defined as the mass of one liter (10-3 cubic meter) of pure water. At the Earth's surface, a mass of 1 kg weighs approximately 2.20 pounds (lb).

A spherical convex mirror has a radius of 30 cm. An object with a height of 0.30 m is placed 20 cm from the mirror. Note that in +/- sign conventions, f is negative (–) if the mirror is a convex mirror. a. Calculate the image distance. b. Calculate the image height. c. Calculate the magnification. d. Summarize the properties of the image formed in terms of its LOST (location, orientation, size, and type). e. Draw the set-up using graphical methods (ray diagramming). Apply scale drawing. Make sure that your illustration matches well with what you have calculated and presented in a-d.​

Answers

a)A spherical convex mirror form the image at image distance is 8.57cm.

b) Mirror forms the image of height is 12.855 cm.

c)The magnification of the spherical convex lens is 0.4285.

What is convex mirror?

The mirror which is a part of sphere with radius R is painted from inside forms the convex mirror.

The focal length of convex lens,  f = R/2

Given , the radius of mirror is R =30cm, the focal length will be

f =30cm/2 = 15cm

a) Object distance u =20 cm, object height =0.30m, then the image distance will be 1/f = 1/u + 1/v where v is the image distance from the lens.

1/15 = 1/20 + 1/v

v= 8.57 cm

Thus, the image distance is 8.57cm.

b) Ratio of image distance to the object distance is equal to the ratio of image height to the object height.

Substitute the values into the expression, we get the image height as

h(image) = 8.57/20 x 30

h(image) = 12.855 cm

Thus, the image height is 12.855 cm.

c) The magnification is the ratio of image height to the object height.

Putting the values, we have

= 12.855/30

= 0.4285

Thus, the magnification is 0.4285.

d) Size of object is large as compared to the size of image. Object distance is small as compared to the image distance. The image formed is virtual.

e)  The setup drawing is attached.

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A proton has a charge , what gives it a charge?

Answers

Answer:

The charge is believed to be from the charge of the quarks that make up the nucleons (protons and neutrons). A proton is made of two Up quarks, with 2/3 positive charge each and one Down Quark with a negative 1/3 charge (2/3 + 2/3 + -1/3 = 1).

Explanation:

Hope this helps :)

what is the relationship between Earth’s revolution and seasons

Answers

Answer:

The Earth's revolution not only affects but actually causes the temperature conditions that give us spring, summer, fall and winter seasons. Which season it is depends on whether you live in the Northern or Southern Hemisphere because the Earth's axis tilts toward one of the two as it moves around the sun.

When the earth spins, its revolution causes the temperature conditions to change referencing the distance from the sun which would give us season like spring, summer, fall and winter.

A fish pond appears to be 1m deep but when vewed vertically above the refractive Index of the Water on the pond is 1.5. calculate the real depth formed​

Answers

Answer:

real depth / apparent depth = R.I.

Real depth = 1.5 x 1 = 1.5 m

If the gravitational force disappeared , Earth would break away from its orbit and continue travelling in a ..............line into space.

Answers

A straight line into space.

Without the sun’s gravitational force, earth would not continue its elliptical orbit around the sun. All of the planets would travel in a straight line away from the sun if not for its strong gravitational pull.

In the text "White House Press Release Announcing the Bombing of Hiroshima August 6, 1945" by President Truman, in which country was the atomic bomb developed?
A. Germany
B. The United States
C. The United Kingdom
D. Japan

Answers

D
Japan is the answer

In the text "White House Press Release Announcing the Bombing of Hiroshima August 6, 1945" by President Truman, the atomic bomb was developed by the United States. Therefore, the correct answer is B. The United States.

During World War II, a top-secret project known as the Manhattan Project was conducted by the United States. The goal of this project was to develop an atomic bomb. The research and development efforts were led by American scientists, engineers, and military personnel. The project involved numerous facilities across the United States, including Los Alamos, New Mexico, where the final design and testing of the atomic bomb took place.

President Truman's press release announcing the bombing of Hiroshima on August 6, 1945, indicates that the United States successfully developed and deployed the atomic bomb. This historical event marked the first use of atomic weapons in warfare and had a significant impact on the outcome of World War II.

Therefore, based on the context of President Truman's press release and the historical record, it is clear that the atomic bomb was developed by the United States. Therefore, the correct answer is B.

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If an object is moving with a constant velocity of 700 cm/s and starts at an initial position of 20 cm at t=0, what will be the position at t= 0.9 s?

Answers

Answer:
650 cm

Explanation:
S (distance) = v (velocity) X t (time)
v = 700 cm/s
t = 0.9 s
S = 700 X 0.9 = 630 cm
630 + 20 = 650 cm = position at t= 0.9 s

Derive the Schrödinger's Time independent wave equation using kinetic energy and momentum.

Answers

Consider,

[tex]{:\implies \quad \displaystyle \sf \langle p\rangle =m\langle v(t)\rangle=m\int_{-\infty}^{\infty}x\bigg\{\dfrac{\partial \Psi^{*}(x,t)}{\partial t}\Psi (x,t)+\Psi^{*}(x,t)\dfrac{\partial \Psi (x,t)}{\partial t}\bigg\}dx}[/tex]

Multiply both sides by ih and simplification will yield

[tex]{:\implies \quad \displaystyle \sf ih\langle p\rangle =m\int_{-\infty}^{\infty}x\bigg[\Psi (x,t)\bigg\{\dfrac{h^2}{2m}\dfrac{\partial^{2}\Psi^{*}(x,t)}{\partial x^2}-V(x)\Psi^{*}(x,t)\bigg\}+\Psi^{*}(x,t)\bigg\{V(x)\Psi (x,t)-\dfrac{h^2}{2m}\dfrac{\partial^{2}\Psi (x,t)}{\partial x^2}\bigg\}\bigg]dx}[/tex]

Some simplification, Then Integrate by parts and then knowing the fact that the wave function vanishes for [tex]{\bf x\to \pm \infty}[/tex] will yield:

[tex]{:\implies \quad \displaystyle \sf \langle p\rangle =\dfrac{ih}{2}\int_{-\infty}^{\infty}\bigg\{\dfrac{\partial \Psi^{*}(x,t)}{\partial x}\Psi (x,t)-\Psi^{*}(x,t)\dfrac{\partial \Psi (x,t)}{\partial x}\bigg\}dx}[/tex]

Integrating by parts and knowing the same fact by some simplification will yield:

[tex]{:\implies \quad \displaystyle \sf \langle p\rangle =-ih\int_{-\infty}^{\infty}\Psi^{*}(x,t)\dfrac{\partial \Psi (x,t)}{\partial x}dx}[/tex]

The momentum is thus contained within the wave function, so we can then deduce that:

[tex]{:\implies \quad \sf p\rightarrow -ih\dfrac{\partial}{\partial x}}[/tex]

[tex]{:\implies \quad \sf p^{n}\rightarrow \bigg(-ih\dfrac{\partial}{\partial x}\bigg)^{n}}[/tex]

[tex]{:\implies \therefore \quad \displaystyle \sf \langle p^{2}\rangle =-h^{2}\int_{-\infty}^{\infty}\Psi^{*}(x,t)\dfrac{\partial^{2}\Psi (x,t)}{\partial x^2}dx}[/tex]

Now the kinetic energy

[tex]{:\implies \quad \displaystyle \sf \langle K\rangle =\dfrac{\langle p^{2}\rangle}{2m}=\dfrac{-h^2}{2m}\int_{-\infty}^{\infty}\Psi^{*}(x,t)\dfrac{\partial^{2}\Psi (x,t)}{\partial x^2}dx}[/tex]

The classical formula for the total energy

[tex]{:\implies \quad \sf \dfrac{p^2}{2m}+V(x)=E}[/tex]

Multiplying this equation by [tex]{\sf \Psi (x,t)=\psi (x)exp\bigg(\dfrac{-iEt}{h}\bigg)}[/tex] and use the above equations and simplify it we will be having

[tex]{:\implies \quad \boxed{\bf{\dfrac{-h^2}{2m}\dfrac{d^{2}\psi (x)}{dx^{2}}+V(x)\psi (x)=E\psi (x)}}}[/tex]

This is the Famous Time-Independent Schrödinger wave equation

Note:- If I write all the explanation then the Answer box willn't allow me to submit the answer

Two metal conducting spheres are fixed in place and have charges of 0.00025C 0.00015 C.They are separated by a distance of 0.85 meters. What is the electric force between them

Answers

470N is the answer hope this helps

The diagram shows two liquid-in-glass thermometers.
Which has the greatest range? Explain how can you tell?
(Image attached)

Answers

Answer:

thermometer A

Explanation:

The range of a thermometer is the difference between the minimum and maximum temperatures that the thermometer can read.

             ∴ Range of thermometer A = 110° - (-10)° = 120°

                Range of thermometer B = 50° - (-10)° = 60°

∴ Range of thermometer A is greatest.

Hope this helps!

How many hydrogen atoms can bond with this oxygen atom?

Answers

Answer:

2

Explanation:

there are two lonely pairs

2 hydrogens

Explanation:

oxygen has 3 lone pairs of electrons which do not take part in the bonding leaving two electrons in the outermost shell to be part of it, hydrogen has only one electron in it's outermost shell it needs one electron to be stable so two atoms of hydrogen bonds with one oxygen atom to to share there electrons to be stable.

PLEASE HELP

Which of the following is best determined by applying the principles of
relativity and uncertainty, rather than Newtonian physics?
A. The speed of a truck
B. The length of an object at rest
C. The position of a bird flying overhead
D. The position of an electron

Answers

By applying the principles of relativity and uncertainty, rather than Newtonian physics,  the position of an electron is best determined. The correct option is D.

What is principle of uncertainty?

It states that position and the velocity of an object can't be measured exactly at the same time. One of them may have the approximate value, using the principle of uncertainty.

Every object is moving relative to some frame of reference. So, exact velocity and at what position an object is, can't be find by theory of Newtonian physics. Speed of a truck, length of object at rest and position of a flying bird flying overhead can be found using the Newtonian physics.

An electron is very minute particle whose velocity is unpredictable at any location.  So, the position of an electron is best determined by the theory of relativity and uncertainty.

Thus, The correct option is D.

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A tree is at a distance of 50 meters from a place on earth. From this place, the Angle of the tree's peak is 30. Find out the height of the tree.

Answers

sine's law

h/sin 30 = 50/sin 60

h/0.5 = 50/(0.5√3)

h=28.9 m

1. An athlete runs 18 Kilometers in 2.5 hours, bicycles 150 Km in 4 hours, swims 10 Km in 3 hours.
Calculate:
a) the average speed for each leg of the triathlon
b) the average speed for the entire competition

Answers

The average speed is 18.73 km/hour.It is found as the ratio of the total distance and the total time taken.

What is the average speed?

The total distance traveled by an object divided by the total time taken is the average speed.

The average speed of an object indicates the pace at which it will traverse a distance. The metric unit of speed is the meter per second.

The given data in the problem is;

Distance (d₁) = 18 Kilometers

Time (t₁) =  2.5 hours

Distance (d₂) = 150 Km

Time (t₂)= 4 hours

Distance (d₃) =10 Km

Time (t₃)=3 hours.

The average speed is found as;

[tex]\rm v_{avg}= \frac{Total \ distance }{Total \ time } \\\\ V_{avg}=\frac{18+150+10}{2.5+4+3} \\\\ v_{avg}= 18.73 \ km/hours[/tex]

Hence, the average speed is 18.73 km/hour.

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A wave that requires a medium through which to travel



chemical wave


mechanical wave


pitch


electromagnetic wave

Answers

Answer:

Explanation:
Answer: B mechanical waves.

Waves that do require a medium are called mechanical waves.

Which of the objects below would experience lift?

Answers

Answer:

the first one, The object moving through air

3. A female minke whale has a core body temperature of 35°C and a core/blubber interface temperature of 29°C, with an average blubber thickness of 4.0 cm and thermal conductivity of 0.25 W/mK. At what rate is energy lost from the whale's core by conduction from the core/blubber interface through the blubber to the skin? Assume a skin temperature of 12°C and a total body area of 22 m². ​

Answers

The rate at which energy is lost from the whale's core from the core/blubber interface through the blubber to the skin is 3,162.5 W.

Rate of conduction of core/blubber interface

The rate of conduction of core/blubber interface is calculated as follows;

[tex]\frac{Q}{t} = \frac{kA\Delta T}{d}[/tex]

where;

k is thermal conductivity = 0.25 W/mkA is the total body area = 22 m²d is thickness of blubber = 4 cm = 0.04 mΔT is change in temperature

[tex]\frac{Q}{t} = \frac{kA\Delta T}{d} = \frac{kA}{d} (\Delta Ta \ +\Delta Tb)\\\\\frac{Q}{t} = \frac{kA}{d} ((T_1- T_2 \ +\ T_2-T_3)\\\\\frac{Q}{t} = \frac{0.25 \times 22}{0.04} ( 35 - 29 \ + \ 29 - 12)\\\\\frac{Q}{t} = 137.5( 6 + 17)\\\\\frac{Q}{t} = 3,162.5 \ W[/tex]

Thus, the rate at which energy is lost from the whale's core from the core/blubber interface through the blubber to the skin is 3,162.5 W.

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