Among the Old Order Amish of Lancaster, Pennsylvania, there is an unusually high frequency of polydactylism (extra fingers). Since the group was founded by a small group of separatist German Mennonites in the early 1770s, some 61 cases of this rare trait have been reported, about as many cases as in the entire rest of the world since that time. Given that the trait is inherited, how can you explain the high frequency of this trait among the Old Order Amish

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

A founder effect

Explanation:

A founder effect is a genetic phenomenon caused by genetic drift (i.e., fixation of alleles due to random sampling). A funder effect occurs when a small group of individuals separates from an original population. Due to this separation, some randomly sampled alleles are fixed in the new population, while many other alleles are lost from the original population. Polydactylism is a trait caused by the inheritance of a dominant allele. In this case, it is expected that the frequency for this allele was increased in the original group of separatist German Mennonites, thereby increasing the frequency of the trait in the new population.


Related Questions

Using the Gizmo, determine how coal and petroleum (oil) are formed. Describe the steps required to form each fuel from atmospheric CO2.

Answers

Answer and Explanation:

Petroleum and coal are fossil fuels.  The degradation of the earliest plants forms them. These dead plants started to pile up and form peat. Then the pressure and heat from various geological procedures convert peat into coal. Coal is a combustible rock which contains 50% carbon. Anthracite, Lignite and bituminous are the types of coal, and the formation of coal depends upon the quantity of hydrogen, oxygen and carbon. Petroleum exists naturally in liquid form and formed by decomposed organic matter. Fossil fuels can be refined into usable substances. Gasoline, tar, lubricants and many other products are obtained from petroleum. There are two steps, which required to form fuel from atmospheric carbon dioxide. In first step carbon dioxide is converted into carbon monoxide. In the second step, carbon monoxide combines with hydrogen to form hydrocarbon fuels. The formation of fuel is a natural process when animals respire carbon dioxide release in the atmosphere.

When human undergo anaerobic respiration , they

Answers

When humans and other animals lack sufficient oxygen, they'll create ATP through a form of anaerobic respiration that produces lactic acid as a byproduct. ... Yes 'Anaerobic' means 'without oxygen. Cells will produce ATP through lactic acid fermentation only under when they lack sufficient oxygen.

Answer:

They experience sore muscles

Explanation:

Have a nice day lol <3

Do green leaves absorb the maximum amount of light? If not, what color of leaf would
absorb more light?

Answers

Answer:

Chlorophyll a is the chief pigment associated with photosynthesis. As we can see,chlorophyll a absorbs red and blue wavelengths to a higher extent. Green light isn't rejected but rate of photosynthesis is more with red and blue wavelengths of light.

Explanation:

The spectral absorbance of photosystems and chloroplasts is lowest for green light...

All plants, however, has chlorophyll a, which absorbs most strongly at ~450 nm, or a bright blue color.

What are the waste product of alcoholic fermentation

Answers

Answer:

Ethanol fermentation causes bread dough to rise. Yeast organisms consume sugars in the dough and produce ethanol and carbon dioxide as waste products. The carbon dioxide forms bubbles in the dough, expanding it to a foam.

Answer:

Ethanol and carbon dioxide

Explanation:

What is a convergent boundary?

Answers

Answer:

A convergent boundary is an area on Earth where two or more lithospheric plates collide. One plate eventually slides beneath the other, a process known as subduction. The subduction zone can be defined by a plane where many earthquakes occur, called the Wadati–Benioff zone.

Explanation:

The atmospheric net carbon increase is the result of

Answers

Answer:

Explanation:A. Photosynthesis

Answer: a photosynthesis

Explanation:

What is the cell cycle?​

Answers

Answer: This is the cell cycle

Explanation:

why does the gummy bear grow when soaked in sugar water?

Answers

Answer:

Salt or sugar ions in water are much smaller than the gelatin molecules in the candy. ... Because of osmosis, water molecules move to an area with more solute in it to balance things. The catch is that the water is locked up in the candy and can't move. The Gummi Bear can't shrink further, so it stays about the same size.

Explanation:

i hope it's help

Gummy bear grow when soaked in sugar water because of osmosis, water molecules move to an area with more solute in it to balance things.

What do you mean by osmosis?

Osmosis is the movement of solute molecules from lower concentration to a higher concentration of solution through a semipermeable membrane.

During osmosis, the solvent moves from the solution that is lower in solute concentration to the solution that is higher in solute concentration.

Osmosis helps in stabilizing the internal environment of the organism by balancing the levels of water and intracellular fluids. The nutrients and minerals enter the cell by osmosis which is necessary for the survival of cells.

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1. In human populations in Africa, two common alleles affect the structure of hemoglobin, the protein that carries oxygen on red blood cells. What is regarded as the normal allele (the allele common in European populations) is usually labeled A, and the sickle-cell allele is designated S. There are three hemoglobin genotypes, and the phenotypes associated with these genotypes can be distinguished in a variety of ways. In one African population of 10,000 adults, for example, there are 4,000 AS individuals, 6,000 AA individuals, and 0 SS individuals. a. Suppose that these individuals were to mate at random. What would be the frequency of the A and S alleles among the gametes that they produced

Answers

Sry can’t help u uuuuuuuu

In the African human population two common alleles affect the structure of the hemoglobin, the proteins and oxygenated red blood.

The common alleles of the Europeans being labeled as A and sickle cells as S have three types as genotypes, phenotypes and associated. For an African population of 10,000, there are 4000 samples As the individuals of 6000 have AA and 0 SS. If the individual were mating randomly then A and S alleles would produce be doubled.

Learn more about the human populations in Africa, two common.

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What are 5 producers in the ocean?​

Answers

In the ocean, algae, phytoplankton and kelp are producers.

A farmer keeps his piglets in small pens and they have become aggressive towards one another. He gives the piglets large doses of antibiotics every day to prevent infection. Why is this dangerous?

options:

A. the antibiotics might cause cancer


B. the antibiotics might change the nutrition of the pork


C. the germs will grow resistant to the antibiotics


D. the antibiotics may stunt the growth of the piglets

Answers

the answer is a. the antibiotics might cause cancer

What will happen to the frog population over time

Answers

Answer:

The average decline in overall amphibian populations is 3.79 percent per year, though the decline rate is more severe in some regions of the U.S., such as the West Coast and the Rocky Mountains. If this rate remains unchanged, some species will disappear from half of the habitats they occupy in about 20 years.

Explanation:

cuz

The average decline in overall amphibian populations is 3.79 percent per year, though the decline rate is more severe in some regions of the U.S., such as the West Coast and the Rocky Mountains. If this rate remains unchanged, some species will disappear from half of the habitats they occupy in about 20 years.

Study the diagram, which represents the general
equation for photosynthesis.
What do the letters Y and Z represent?
+
O Y - glucose
Z-oxygen
O Y - glucose
Z - carbon dioxide
O Y - carbon dioxide
Z - hydrogen
O Y - carbon dioxide
Z - oxygen



Answers

Answer:

Y- carbon dioxide

Z- oxygen

Explanation:

good luck:)

Answer:

A

Explanation:

The science of genomics does not investigate:


the mistakes made during the analysis of DNA samples

medical applications of DNA analysis

the possible mutation of a gene causing blindness in rats

which genes cause the loss of hair among some men

Answers

Answer:

the possible mutation of a gene causing blindness in rats

Explanation:

Genomics refers to the scientific study of genes (DNA) found in living organisms such as humans and animals.

Genome editing can be defined as a high-tech process which avail scientists the opportunity or ability to remove (delete), replace and insert Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) sequence in a living organism such as bacterias, animals, plants etc in order to correct a genetic disorder and to improve on their physical and chemical conditions.

The science of genomics is most likely to investigate the following;

I. The mistakes made during the analysis of DNA samples.

II. Medical applications of DNA analysis.

III. Ehich genes cause the loss of hair among some men.

Answer:

the mistakes made during the analysis of DNA samples, which genes cause the loss of hair among some men, medical applications of DNA analysis

Explanation:

Your team must design an area in your school where students can relax between classes. You need to choose a material for a walkway. The materials you need to consider are in the table.



Which material should you use so that the area is cool in terms of temperature?

asphalt
red bricks
concrete
soil

Answers

Answer:

red bricks

Explanation:

The best or cool material to use in the area that will best represent temperature is red bricks.

What is temperature?

Temperature is the measure of the degree of the hotness or coldness of the body.

Color to represent temperature

A cool color in terms of design to represent temperature is red.

Thus, we can conclude that the best or cool material to use in the area that will best represent temperature is red bricks.

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What is the difference between sleet and hail? What conditions are needed to make each?

Answers

Answer:

Sleet forms in winter storms, while hail is a warm-season type of precipitation. As noted above, sleet forms when snow melts in a warm layer and then refreezes into ice pellets as it falls though a cold layer. Hail, however, forms in spring, summer or fall thunderstorms.

Explanation:

I put this question before and got this one so I think it will be this answer. Hope this helps. :)

Which property of proteins BEST allows them to perform an enormously diverse range of functions?


a. Their large, chemical-energy reserve


b. Their large, stored-electric potential I


The complexity of their folded structure c.


d. The wide variety of cements they include Proteins

Answers

Answer: The complexity of their folded structure

Explanation:

Proteins are usually made up of chains of amino acids. They are also colorless and are spherical in shape and tasteless as well.

Thw property of proteins that allows them to perform an enormously diverse range of functions is the complexity of their folded structure.

If
you were given information to identify an biome, which would be the most helpful?
the number of different species
the stability of the ecosystems
the complexity of the food web
the average temperature and rainfall

Answers

I think it’s b cause I done the quiz and I got all of them write

pls help
In chemistry, elements ___

choices are :
have distinct chemical characteristics

are rarely found in ionic form

are the primary form of energy

readily change from one form to another

Answers

Answer:

d

Explanation:

i do be smart

Which cell is a plant cell?

Answers

Answer:

b

Explanation:

Catfish are freshwater fish that have "whiskers" with taste buds, as well as a keen sense of smell for locating prey in murky water. Catfish are best adapted for life in the _______ ecosystem.

Answers

Answer:

Stream Ecosystem

Answer:

the answer is Steam

Explanation:

I took the test

What is true about cardiac (heart) cells compared to brain cells?



Different DNA which make different proteins



Same proteins being used to create different DNA



Same DNA being used to make different proteins



Different proteins used to create different DNA

Answers

Answer:

Same DNA being used to make different proteins

Explanation:

Cells of all living organisms contain the genetic material called DNA. One of the characteristics of multicellular cells is the ability of their cell to DIFFERENTIATE i.e. form specialized cells during division.

However, it is worthy to note that all cells possess the same DNA but some of the genes contained are expressed into proteins while others are not. This leads to why cells that contain similar DNA make different proteins and perform differently.

In this case, cardiac (heart) cells and brain cells contain the same DNA but due to the expression of some genes and repression of others, they are able to differentiate into different cells.

If right I’ll mark brainliest

Answers

Answer:

Its blocked for me cause im on a school website can you right it out plz

Explanation:

 

If green plant cells are incubated in the presence of CO2 molecules containing radioactive carbon atoms, the fate of the carbon atoms can be followed. In an experiment, radioactive CO2 was given for 1 minute to plant cells, and then the cells were examined after 1, 5, 10, 20, and 30 minutes. The following molecules were labeled with radioactive carbon at some point(s): glucose, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate, glycine (an amino acid), 3-phosphoglycerate, ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate, and sucrose. List these molecules in the order in which they first become labeled.

Answers

Answer:

glycine (an amino acid)ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate3-phosphoglycerateglyceraldehyde 3-phosphateglucosesucrose.

Explanation:                          

The glycine, among other amino acids, helps to improve chlorophyll production and promotes the process of photosynthesis.

Calvin cycle

During the carbon fixation phase, a CO² molecule combinate with a ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate to form 6-carbonated molecules, which will divide into two 3-phosphoglycerate molecules.

During the reduction phase, NADPH donates its electrons to reduce 3-phosphoglycerate molecules, and turn them into glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate.

During the regeneration phase, a glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate molecule leaves the cycle and goes to the cytosol to form glucose. This step can be done when three CO² enter the cycle and produce six glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate molecules. One of them leaves the cycle to form glucose, while the other five are recycled.

Cytosol:  

Once in the cytosol, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate molecules are used to form glucose and fructose. These two molecules are the monosaccharides that form the sucrose.          

Once sucrose is formed, it is transported from the photosynthetic tissues to different parts of the plant by the phloem.

Which statement summarizes the relationship between DNA, proteins, and amino acids?
A. The DNA molecule is a protein formed by amino acids that are linked together by peptide bonds.
B. The type of protein that composes DNA codes for the twenty different amino acids.
C. The sequence of amino acids in DNA determines the type of protein formed during protein synthesis.
D. The sequence of nucleotides in DNA codes for specific amino acids which bond to form proteins.

Answers

Answer:b

Explanation:

The statement (B) is correct. The type of protein that composes DNA codes for the twenty different amino acids.

What are proteins?

Proteins are large biomolecules and macromolecules that comprise one or more long chains of amino acid residues.

Moreover, proteins are large, complex molecules that play many critical roles in the body. They do most of the work in cells and are required for the structure, function, and regulation of the body's tissues and organs.

Therefore, a molecule made up of amino acids. Proteins are needed for the body to function properly. They are the basis of body structures, such as skin and hair, and of other substances such as enzymes, cytokines, and antibodies.

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What is the correct "height" or "size" for a piece of oils rigs to become a candidate for "rigs to reef." Remember, oil rigs can be cut into different sizes or parts.

Answers

Answer and Explanation:

An oil rig is a type of piston ring which is situated in the ring grooves. The oil ring is commonly used on small engines to wipe excess oil from the wall of the cylinder during the piston's movement. Through the opening of rings, excess oil returned to the oil reservoir. These rings are not used on the two-stroke cycle engines. These rings are one-piece or two-piece. An oil ring seals the combustion chamber through inherent pressure and controlling the consumption of oil. The inherent pressure of the oil ring is very high on the piston. These rings use an expander, high-pressure unit and inherent pressure. The oil rings are also used to spread the oil around the liner surface.  These rings can be cut into various sizes. An oil ring has an axial.

Which is required for both anaerobic respiration and aerobic respiration?

-oxygen
-water
-mitochondria
-glucose

Answers

You don’t need oxygen for both cause anaerobic respiration is Respiration without oxygen

U don’t need mitochondria in both cuz Mitochondria is where aerobic takes place and anaerobic takes place in cytoplasm

Conclusion: I say it’s hmmm glucose cuz water is the product of both respiration

is hair a living thing explain why or why not

Answers

Answer:

Hair and nails are not living things they are considered living because they are attached to a living thing but no they are not living.

Explanation:

Hope this helped

Hair is not considered a living thing. Hair is composed of dead cells that are produced by living cells in hair follicles.

Is hair a living thing?

Hair is primarily made up of a protein called keratin, which is produced by specialized cells within the hair follicles. These cells, called keratinocytes, undergo a process of differentiation as they move upward through the hair follicle, eventually becoming fully keratinized and forming the hair shaft. Once the hair shaft is fully formed, it no longer possesses any metabolic or cellular activities. It lacks a blood supply, nerve endings, and other cellular structures that are characteristic of living tissues.

While hair itself is not alive, the hair follicles that produce hair are living structures and play a crucial role in hair growth and maintenance. Hair growth occurs in cycles, with each hair follicle going through a growth phase (anagen), a transitional phase (catagen), and a resting phase (telogen). During the anagen phase, the hair follicles actively produce new hair cells, which eventually become part of the hair shafts.

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What are the beserkers in gears of war meant to be

Answers

Answer:Berserkers are female Locust. Even though they are blind, they use their sense of smell and hearing to find their target(s).


What is the correct order of amino acids given the following code: CAG-ACA-AAC

Answers

I hope you get your answer soon! :)
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