Answer:
Simpson's paradox
Explanation:
Simpson's paradox, also known as the amalgamation paradox, is a statistical phenomenon that occurs when trends in a dataset appear to be reversed when the data is aggregated or combined in a certain way. This can happen when there are underlying factors or variables that are not taken into account, and the apparent trends in the data are actually an artifact of these underlying factors.
The paradox is named after statistician Edward Simpson, who first described it in a 1951 paper. It has been widely studied in statistics and has been observed in various fields, including economics, medicine, and social science.
The amalgamation paradox is not to be confused with other paradoxes, such as Eigen's paradox or Eigenvalue paradox, which are unrelated to statistical trends and patterns.
(b) The mean marks got by 300 students in the subject of statistics are 45. The mean of the top 100 of them was found to be 70 and the mean of the last 100 was known to be 20. What is the mean of the remaining 100 students?
Answer: The mean marks of the remaining 100 students is 6000/100= 60.
Explanation: The mean marks of all the students is 45, and the mean marks of the top 100 students is 70, so the sum of the marks of the top 100 students is 70100=7000.
The mean marks of the last 100 students is 20, so the sum of the marks of the last 100 students is 20100=2000.
The sum of the marks of all the 300 students is 7000+2000+45*100=15000.
The sum of the marks of the remaining 100 students is 15000-7000-2000=6000.
The mean marks of the remaining 100 students is 6000/100= 60.