Answer:
c
Explanation:
because abd are reson to take vitams
Air that remains in conducting passages and doesn't participate in gas exchange is termed
The air that remains in conducting passages and doesn't participate in gas exchange is termed "dead space" or "anatomical dead space"."
This includes the air in the nose, trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles that doesn't reach the alveoli where gas exchange occurs. Dead space is an important concept in respiratory physiology as it can impact the efficiency of gas exchange and the amount of oxygen delivered to the body.
This air fills the nasal cavity, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and other respiratory passages leading up to the alveoli where gas exchange occurs. The dead space air is made up of the air that a person breathes in but does not absorb oxygen from and that a person breathes out but does not remove carbon dioxide from.
The volume of dead space air in the respiratory system varies depending on factors such as age, health, and lung function.
To learn more about air, click here:
https://brainly.com/question/19368011
#SPJ11
What are the three molecules that are inputs of the Calvin cycle?
The three molecules that are inputs of the Calvin cycle are: Carbon dioxide (CO2), ATP (adenosine triphosphate) and NADPH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate).
The Calvin cycle requires three molecules as inputs:
Carbon dioxide (CO2) is the Calvin cycle's major input molecule. Carbon dioxide is absorbed from the environment and enters the chloroplast stroma, where it is fixed into organic molecules.ATP (adenosine triphosphate): This is an energy-rich molecule formed during photosynthesis's light-dependent reactions. ATP provides the energy required to power the Calvin cycle processes.NADPH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate): This is an electron carrier molecule created during photosynthesis's light-dependent processes. During the Calvin cycle, NADPH provides the electrons and hydrogen ions required to reduce carbon dioxide and synthesise organic compounds.For such more question on molecules:
https://brainly.com/question/29557481
#SPJ11
The most common unit of measurement for measuring pulmonary pressures is
The most common unit of measurement for measuring pulmonary pressures is millimeters of mercury (mmHg).
Pulmonary pressures refer to the pressures within the pulmonary circulation, which includes the arteries, veins, and capillaries of the lungs. Therefore the most common unit of measurement for measuring pulmonary pressures is millimeters of mercury (mmHg).
When the pressure in the blood arteries connecting the heart and lungs is too high, pulmonary hypertension occurs. In people with pulmonary hypertension, the blood arteries that supply the lungs with blood have more muscle in their walls.
More on pulmonary pressure: https://brainly.com/question/28405367
#SPJ11
which concept is explored in this animation? biome characteristics determine the pattern of species distribution across the globe. an equilibrium model of species richness predicts the number of species that will be observed on an island. vicariance events, such as advances and retreats of glaciers, have affected the distributions of organisms observed today. a major process controlling the formation of the various biogeographic regions observed today was continental drift.
In this animation, the concept explored is A) biome characteristics determine the pattern of species distribution across the globe.
This concept highlights the importance of various environmental factors such as temperature, precipitation, and altitude in shaping the distribution of species. Biomes, which are large ecological areas with similar climate and vegetation types, play a crucial role in determining where specific species can thrive. For example, a species adapted to live in a tropical rainforest will have a different distribution pattern compared to a species adapted to live in a desert or tundra. The unique combination of abiotic factors, such as sunlight, temperature, and nutrient availability, in each biome dictates the types of species that can survive there.
As species evolve and adapt to their respective environments, their distribution patterns change to reflect the suitability of each biome for their survival. This results in distinct patterns of species distribution across the globe, with some areas being biodiversity hotspots due to favorable environmental conditions. Understanding these patterns is essential for conserving biodiversity and managing ecosystems effectively.
In summary, the animation explores the concept that biome characteristics play a significant role in determining the pattern of species distribution across the globe. By taking into account the unique environmental factors and ecological interactions within each biome, we can better understand and predict species distributions and biodiversity patterns. Therefore Option A is correct.
The Question was Incomplete, Find the full content below :
Which concept is explored in this animation?
A) biome characteristics determine the pattern of species distribution across the globe.
B) an equilibrium model of species richness predicts the number of species that will be observed on an island.
C) vicariance events, such as advances and retreats of glaciers, have affected the distributions of organisms observed today.
D) a major process controlling the formation of the various biogeographic regions observed today was continental drift.
Know more about biome here:
https://brainly.com/question/1930321
#SPJ11
Interaction:House sparrows (1) house finches (2) require similar food and nest sites
The interaction between house sparrows (Passer domesticus) and house finches (Haemorhous mexicanus) can be one of competition, as both species require similar resources, such as food and nest sites.
House sparrows and house finches are both seed-eating birds that feed on a variety of seeds, grains, and fruits. They also prefer to nest in similar sites, such as cavities in buildings or trees, or in birdhouses.
Competition for food can occur when these species share the same feeding area, such as a bird feeder or a garden with a plentiful supply of seeds. House sparrows are known to be aggressive and can dominate food resources, potentially limiting the food available for house finches.
Learn more about house sparrows,
https://brainly.com/question/16699680
#SPJ4
Question 17 Marks: 1 Glazing, silvering, or bronzing on the underside of a leaf is evidence that injury has occurred byChoose one answer. a. ozone b. peroxyacyl nitrates c. sulfur dioxide d. hydrogen fluoride
Based on the terms provided, evidence of glazing, silvering, or bronzing on the underside of a leaf indicates that injury has occurred due to sulfur dioxide (c).
Glazing refers to a shiny, smooth surface on the underside of a leaf caused by exposure to air pollution, such as sulfur dioxide. Silvering is a similar effect but with a silver or gray appearance. Both glazing and silvering are evidence of injury to the leaf caused by air pollution. Bronzing, on the other hand, refers to a reddish-brown discoloration on the upper surface of a leaf caused by exposure to ozone or peroxyacetyl nitrates.
Sulfur dioxide (IUPAC approved letter) or sulfur dioxide (regular Commonwealth of Nations) is a compound with the chemical formula SO2. It is a poisonous substance that smells like burnt matches. It is naturally released by volcanic activity from equipment for copper extraction and burning of sulfur-containing fossil fuels.
Learn more about sulfur dioxide:
brainly.com/question/31142164
#SPJ11
What effect would cAMP phosphodiesterase activity have on the adrenaline signalingpathway?
cAMP phosphodiesterase activity would decrease the levels of cAMP in the cell, which would subsequently decrease the activation of protein kinase A (PKA) and downstream signaling pathways.
This would result in a decreased response to adrenaline, as adrenaline signaling is mediated in part by the cAMP/PKA pathway. Therefore, the overall effect of cAMP phosphodiesterase activity on the adrenaline signaling pathway would be to attenuate or dampen the response to adrenaline.
The effect of cAMP phosphodiesterase activity on the adrenaline signaling pathway is that it degrades cAMP, a secondary messenger, into AMP. This decrease in cAMP levels ultimately leads to the termination of the adrenaline signaling pathway, reducing the cellular response to adrenaline.
Visit here to learn more about adrenaline brainly.com/question/29391018
#SPJ11
True or false: Replication, transcription and translation take place in the bacterial cytoplasm.
In the cytoplasm of bacteria, replication, transcription, and translation take place. Translation and transcription both take place in the cytoplasm of prokaryotes. True.
Transcription and translation can happen concurrently in prokaryotes. This is not conceivable in eukaryotes because translation takes place in the cytoplasm outside of the nucleus, whilst transcription takes place in a membrane-bound nucleus. While transcription and translation can both happen at the same time in bacteria, in eukaryotes, transcription takes place in the nucleus while translation happens in the cytoplasm.
In contrast to the three varieties seen in eukaryotes, bacteria have just one type of RNA polymerase. In eukaryotic species, translation takes place in the cytoplasm and endoplasmic reticulum whereas transcription takes place in the nucleus. Prokaryotes carry out both activities in their cytoplasm. The transcription process' regulating element is RNA polymerase.
Learn more about Replication visit: brainly.com/question/21265857
#SPJ4
a native wolf species has been reintroduced into yellowstone national park and grows according to the law of exponential growth. originally 200 wolves were transplanted. after 3 years, the population had grown to 270 wolves. what is the growth rate?
On January 12, 1995, wolves were transported into Yellowstone's national park via truck. The westward migration of the 1800s placed their livestock into close proximity with local predators and prey species.
What is the wolf's history?History. Although the wolf's evolutionary past is not entirely clear, many biologists think that it sprang from early predators called miacids. Miacids, which had animal sizes ranging from gophers to dogs, emerged for the first time in the Early Tertiary around 52 millennia ago.
The original wolf man was who?Universal The 1941–1948 Monsters film series Seven films made up the original series, all of which featured legendary horror artist Lon Naughton Jr. as Harry Talbot. The film series is a component of the broader Universal Pictures.
To know more about species visit :
https://brainly.com/question/13259455
#SPJ1
Non vascular plants are found in damp shady areas.
True or False?
The statement "Nonvascular plants are found in damp shady areas" is true because nonvascular plants lack a specialized system of tubes for transporting water and nutrients throughout the plant body.
Nonvascular plants, also known as bryophytes, include mosses, liverworts, and hornworts. They are small and simple plants that lack roots, stems, and leaves. Instead, they have specialized structures called rhizoids, which anchor them to the ground and absorb water and nutrients.
Nonvascular plants reproduce through spores, rather than seeds, which also require a moist environment to germinate. Because they cannot regulate water loss through stomata like vascular plants, they are more susceptible to desiccation and require constant moisture to survive, the statement is true.
To learn more about Nonvascular follow the link:
https://brainly.com/question/1331358
#SPJ4
What unifying themes does GFP purification by HIC incorperate
The unifying themes of GFP purification by HIC involve protein purification, hydrophobicity, affinity chromatography, and chromatographic separation techniques.
GFP purification by HIC (Hydrophobic Interaction Chromatography) incorporates several unifying themes, such as:
1. Protein purification: The process of GFP purification by HIC is a method of isolating and purifying GFP from a complex mixture of proteins. This theme involves various techniques used to separate proteins based on their unique physical and chemical properties.
2. Hydrophobicity: HIC exploits the hydrophobic nature of GFP by using a stationary phase with hydrophobic ligands. This theme emphasizes the importance of hydrophobic interactions in protein-protein and protein-ligand interactions.
3. Affinity chromatography: HIC is a type of affinity chromatography that selectively binds hydrophobic molecules to a hydrophobic stationary phase. This theme highlights the importance of specific interactions between proteins and their ligands.
4. Chromatographic separation: HIC relies on the differential binding of GFP to the stationary phase, enabling the separation of GFP from other proteins in the mixture. This theme emphasizes the importance of chromatographic separation techniques in protein purification.
Overall, the unifying themes of GFP purification by HIC involve protein purification, hydrophobicity, affinity chromatography, and chromatographic separation techniques.
Learn more about proteins :
https://brainly.com/question/29776206
#SPJ11
Meristic traits are characterized by having phenotypes that are described by ________. irrational numbers prime numbers whole numbers imaginary numbers complex numbers
Meristic traits are characterized by having phenotypes that are described by whole numbers.
These traits involve features that can be counted and expressed as discrete units, such as the number of petals on a flower, seeds in a fruit, or the number of vertebrae in an animal. Whole numbers are appropriate for describing meristic traits because they represent complete units without fractions or decimals.
Unlike whole numbers, irrational numbers, imaginary numbers, complex numbers, and prime numbers are not suitable for describing meristic traits. Irrational numbers are numbers that cannot be expressed as simple fractions, such as pi, while imaginary and complex numbers involve the square root of a negative number. Prime numbers are whole numbers greater than 1 with only two factors: themselves and 1. These other types of numbers do not accurately represent countable and discrete units like whole numbers do.
In summary, meristic traits are best described using whole numbers as they represent complete, countable units that accurately depict the distinct features of an organism's phenotype.
Learn more about Meristic traits here: https://brainly.com/question/30018888
#SPJ11
Identify which of the following statements is true. Group of answer choices Moss and lycophytes have leaves Leaves of lycophytes and pterophytes have different origins Leaves were a chlorophyte innovation Leaves were a bryophyte innovation
The statement that is true is: Moss and lycophytes have leaves.
Leaves are a fundamental plant organ that are specialized for photosynthesis and gas exchange. Mosses and lycophytes are two groups of non-vascular plants that have simple leaves, which are not as complex as those of ferns, gymnosperms, and angiosperms. The leaves of mosses and lycophytes are typically small and simple, lacking the vascular tissue and complex structure found in higher plants. Despite their simplicity, these leaves are still important for the survival of these plants, as they help them to capture light energy and perform photosynthesis.
To learn more about lycophytes, click here:
https://brainly.com/question/31313602
#SPJ11
The presence of an uncompetitive inhibitor in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction will alter which of the following in a Lineweaver-Burk plot?
A.) Intercept on the y-axis
B.) Slope of the plot
C.) Intercept on the x-axis
D.) Shape of the plot
E.) The intercept on both axes
The presence of an uncompetitive inhibitor in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction will alter intercept on the x-axis in a Lineweaver-Burk plot
In a Lineweaver-Burk plot, the reciprocal of the initial velocity (1/V) is plotted against the reciprocal of the substrate concentration (1/[S]). The slope of the plot is equal to Km/Vmax, while the y-intercept is equal to 1/Vmax.
In the presence of an uncompetitive inhibitor, the inhibitor binds to the enzyme-substrate complex, causing a decrease in the amount of product formed and a decrease in the apparent Vmax.
This results in a change in the y-intercept of the Lineweaver-Burk plot, but does not affect the slope of the plot. However, it causes an increase in the apparent Km, which leads to a change in the x-intercept of the Lineweaver-Burk plot.
Therefore, the presence of an uncompetitive inhibitor in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction alters the intercept on the x-axis in a Lineweaver-Burk plot.
To learn more about Lineweaver-Burk plot visit
https://brainly.com/question/31497051
#SPJ4
Question 35
When aerobic synthesis occurs in a landfill, it is expected that the refuse is:
a. in the early stages of decomposition
b. biologically stable
c. chemically inert
d. near the final stage of decomposition
a. in the early stages of decomposition. Aerobic decomposition, also known as aerobic digestion, requires oxygen to break down organic matter.
Landfills are designed to be anaerobic, meaning they lack oxygen. When oxygen is present in a landfill, it can facilitate the growth of aerobic microorganisms, leading to aerobic decomposition. Therefore, if aerobic synthesis occurs in a landfill, it suggests that the waste is in the early stages of decomposition and has not yet become biologically stable or chemically inert. In contrast, when waste reaches the final stages of decomposition, it becomes more stable and inert, and anaerobic digestion dominates. The aerobic decomposition phase is often followed by the anaerobic phase in the landfill, where methanogenic bacteria break down the remaining organic matter, leading to the production of methane.
Learn more about aerobic synthesis here:
https://brainly.com/question/6861396
#SPJ11
the emg records the action potentials in the nerves, which reflects how much force the muscle is producing.
The action potentials of the muscle fibres that are innervated are captured by the EMG.
What is the body's weakest muscle?It is possible to lift large objects or give birth while using muscles, which also support movement and pump blood. To move an object, a muscle must either contract or relax. This movement could be unconscious (involuntary) or voluntary (when the movement is made purposefully). Muscles of the skeletal, smooth, and cardiac types make up the muscular system, an organ system. The blood is circulated throughout the body, allowing for mobility and maintaining posture. However, some muscles can function entirely independently. Vertebrate muscular systems are controlled by the neurological system. The Stapedius, which measures just 1 mm in length and is the smallest skeletal muscle in the human body, is thought to be the weakest muscle.To learn more about muscle, refer to:
https://brainly.com/question/13920046
Detail one difference between base excision repair and nucleotide excision repair
Cytotoxic T cells bind to MHC ________ and ________ the target cell.a.I / killb.I / signalc.8 / killd.8 / signal
Cytotoxic T cells bind to MHC I and kill the target cell. Therefore, the correct answer is (a) I / kill.
Cytotoxic T cells, also known as CD8+ T cells, recognize and bind to antigens presented on major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) molecules on the surface of infected or abnormal cells. Once bound to the target cell, cytotoxic T cells release toxic molecules, such as perforin and granzyme, that induce apoptosis (cell death) in the target cell. This process is known as cell-mediated cytotoxicity and is a critical component of the adaptive immune response to viral infections, cancer, and other diseases. Therefore, the correct answer to the question "Cytotoxic T cells bind to MHC II and kill the target cell. True or False?" is False. The correct statement is that cytotoxic T cells bind to MHC-I and kill the target cell, making answer choice a. "I / kill" the correct option.
Learn more about apoptosis :
https://brainly.com/question/28275150
#SPJ11
What would our immune system be like without the production of Memory Cells?
Please help me.
The immune system's fast recognition and reaction to previously encountered infections are facilitated by memory cells. Without memory cells, the immune system would not be able to react to pathogens as rapidly or successfully as it has in the past. White blood cell would make it harder for the body to combat infections, which might result in more serious illnesses.
White blood cells: what are they?White blood cells, usually referred to as leukocytes, are immune system cells that assist in defending the body against pathogens and outside invaders. Hematopoietic stem cells, which are multipotent cells in the bone marrow, are the source of production and development of all white blood cells.
White blood cells called memory cells enable the immune system to quickly identify and react to infections that have already been encountered.
Without memory cells, the immune system would not be able to react to pathogens as rapidly or successfully as it has in the past.
The body's ability to fend off infections would be compromised as a result of this in more serious illnesses.
To know more about white blood cell visit:
brainly.com/question/19202269
#SPJ1
the ____ are the smallest folds in the small intestine that create the appearance of a brush border.
The microvilli are the smallest folds in the small intestine that create the appearance of a brush border.
Microvilli are tiny, finger-like projections found on the surface of the small intestine's epithelial cells. These projections significantly increase the surface area available for absorption of nutrients, allowing the small intestine to efficiently extract and process the required nutrients from the food we eat.
The brush border is formed by the dense arrangement of these microvilli on the epithelial cells, resembling a brush's bristles. The increased surface area provided by the microvilli enhances the absorption of essential nutrients such as carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.In addition to increasing the surface area, the brush border also contains various enzymes that help in the final stages of digestion. These enzymes break down complex food particles into simpler, absorbable forms.
Overall, the microvilli and brush border play a crucial role in the proper functioning of the small intestine and, ultimately, the human digestive system.
To know more about small intestine, visit here:
https://brainly.com/question/22357644
#SPJ11
Another name for a chain ganglion is ________ ganglion.A) paravertebral B) collateral C) intramural D) prevertebral
Another name for a chain ganglion is the paravertebral ganglion. So, the correct answer to the question is A) paravertebral ganglion.
A ganglion is a group of nerve cell bodies located outside the central nervous system. The paravertebral ganglia are a series of sympathetic ganglia that are located along either side of the vertebral column. These ganglia are connected by nerve fibers and form the sympathetic chain, which runs from the base of the skull to the coccyx.
The paravertebral ganglia are responsible for the regulation of various physiological functions such as heart rate, blood pressure, and respiratory rate. They receive input from the central nervous system and then send signals to various organs and tissues in the body. The other options, collateral, and intramural ganglia, are not associated with the sympathetic chain ganglia.
Collateral ganglia are found in the abdomen and pelvis, while intramural ganglia are found within the walls of various organs. Prevertebral ganglia are located anterior to the vertebral column and are involved in the regulation of digestive functions.
You can learn more about ganglion at: brainly.com/question/14191967
#SPJ11
How much calcium would be typically absorbed by a normal adult with a calcium intake of 1000 mg?
Typically, a normal adult with a calcium intake of 1000 mg would absorb around 30-40% of that amount, which would be approximately 300-400 mg of calcium absorbed.
However, factors such as age, gender, and overall health can affect the absorption rate of calcium. It's also important to note that calcium absorption can be influenced by the presence of other nutrients, such as vitamin D, and certain medications or medical conditions may also affect absorption. Calcium absorption can vary depending on factors such as the form of calcium consumed, the presence of other nutrients that affect absorption (such as vitamin D), and individual differences in health status and digestive function. However, it is generally estimated that a normal adult with a calcium intake of 1000 mg would absorb around 30-40% of that amount, which would be approximately 300-400 mg of calcium absorbed.
Learn more about nutrients :
https://brainly.com/question/28111967
#SPJ11
For a species with a Type II curve, less than ____% of individuals survive for 50% of the maximum life span.A. 0.1B. 0.5C. 1D. 10
A Type II curve represents a constant mortality rate throughout an organism's life span. This means that the probability of an individual dying at any given age remains constant, regardless of its age. Answer: C. 1
A Type II curve represents a constant mortality rate throughout an organism's life span. This means that the probability of an individual dying at any given age remains constant, regardless of its age. Therefore, the percentage of individuals surviving for 50% of the maximum life span is also constant and equal to 50%. Since a Type II curve assumes a constant mortality rate, less than 1% of individuals survive for 50% of the maximum life span.
Therefore, the percentage of individuals surviving for 50% of the maximum life span is also constant and equal to 50%. Since a Type II curve assumes a constant mortality rate, less than 1% of individuals survive for 50% of the maximum life span.
Learn more about Type II curve
https://brainly.com/question/28876558
#SPJ4
Which are the properties of water? (Choose all that apply).
High specific heat
O Low specific heat
high boiling point
Olow boiling point
cohesion
Odissolvability
neutral pH
high heat of vaporization
Olow heat of vaporization
high melting point
Ohas all states of matter
polar
non-polar
Omixture
atom
O molecule
Olow surface tension
Answer:
High specific heat, high boiling point, cohesion, dissolvability, neutral pH, high heat of vaporization, high melting point, has all states of matter, polar, molecule
Explanation:
Water is a weird and wonderful substance that has many amazing properties. Here are some of them in a nutshell:
Water is like a clingy partner who doesn't want to let go of their lover. It takes a lot of effort to break up the hydrogen bonds that hold water molecules together. That's why water has a high specific heat and can store a lot of energy.Water is also like a loyal friend who sticks with their buddies through thick and thin. It has a high boiling point and a high heat of vaporization because the water molecules are strongly attracted to each other and don't want to escape as gas.Water is like a team player who works well with others. It has cohesion because the water molecules stick together like glue due to hydrogen bonding. It also has dissolvability because it can surround and dissolve many different substances by forming hydration shells around them.Water is like a balanced person who can adapt to different situations. It has a neutral pH because it can act as both an acid and a base and self-ionize into equal amounts of hydronium and hydroxide ions. It also has a high melting point because it forms a lattice structure when it freezes that needs a lot of energy to break apart.Water is like a versatile actor who can play different roles. It has all states of matter because it can exist as solid (ice), liquid (water), or gas (steam) depending on the temperature and pressure. It also has polarity because it has a bent shape and an unequal distribution of charge due to the difference in electronegativity between oxygen and hydrogen atoms.Water is like a living thing that is made of smaller parts. It is a molecule because it is composed of two or more atoms covalently bonded together.Water is truly an amazing substance that we should appreciate and protect!
How can other molecules, besides glucose, be used in the metabolic pathway?
Other molecules, besides glucose, can be used in the metabolic pathway through a process called cellular respiration, which involves the breakdown of organic molecules to produce energy.
The metabolic pathway includes various enzymes and biochemical reactions that can break down molecules such as proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates to generate ATP, the energy currency of the cell.
The breakdown of these molecules involves different intermediate products, depending on the type of molecule being metabolized, and may occur through different metabolic pathways.
The ability of cells to use various molecules for energy production is important for sustaining cellular function under different physiological conditions, such as during periods of fasting or high-intensity exercise.
Learn more about the metabolic pathway at
https://brainly.com/question/31384460
#SPJ4
Percent 5. Heinz Shuster collected the following data on the base composition of ribgrass virus (H. Shuster, in The Nucleic Acids: Chemistry and Biology, vol. 3, E. Chargaff and J. N. Davidson, Eds. New York: Academic Press, 1955). (1 pt) A G C T U Ribgrass virus 29.3 25.8 18.0 0.0 27.0 a. On the basis of this information, is the hereditary information of the ribgrass virus RNA or DNA? Explain your answers b. Is it likely to be single stranded or double stranded? Explain your answers
a. The hereditary information of the ribgrass virus is RNA, as it contains U, which is not present in DNA.
b. The ribgrass virus is likely to be single stranded, as double stranded RNA usually contains equal amounts of A and U, and this sample contains significantly more U than A.
a. RNA, which contains U, a nucleotide that is absent from DNA, holds the ribgrass virus' genetic material. This is evident from the provided data, which demonstrates that there is 0% T but 27% U. U can only be found in RNA, which suggests that RNA is the ribgrass virus' hereditary component.
b. Given that double stranded RNA typically contains equal amounts of A and U and that this sample has noticeably more U than A, the ribgrass virus is most likely single stranded. This is evident from the provided data, which demonstrates that there are 29.3% A and 27% U, indicating that the ribgrass virus is probably single stranded.
Complete Question:
Heinz Shuster collected the following data on the base composition of ribgrass virus (H. Shuster, in The Nucleic Acids: Chemistry and Biology, vol. 3, E. Chargaff and J. N. Davidson, Eds. New York: Academic Press, 1955). (1 pt)
Percent Ribgrass virus
A 29.3
G 25.8
C 18.0
T 0.0
U 27.0
a. On the basis of this information, is the hereditary information of the ribgrass virus RNA or DNA? Explain your answers
b. Is it likely to be single stranded or double stranded?
Explain your answers
To learn more about DNA visit:
https://brainly.com/question/16099437
#SPJ4
9. What is a tumor suppressor gene?In general, how do they function? What is apoptosis? Can you give examples of tumor suppressor genes?
A tumor suppressor gene is a type of gene that helps regulate cell growth and division. These genes are also referred to as anti-oncogenes because their normal function is to prevent the development of cancer.
Tumor suppressor genes function to inhibit the uncontrolled growth of cells, which can lead to the formation of tumors. When a tumor suppressor gene is mutated or deleted, it can no longer perform its function, which can result in uncontrolled cell growth and the development of cancer. Apoptosis is a process of programmed cell death that occurs in multicellular organisms. Apoptosis is important for regulating cell growth and eliminating damaged or abnormal cells. Tumor suppressor genes can trigger apoptosis if they detect that a cell has suffered irreparable DNA damage or if a cell is growing uncontrollably.
Tumor suppressor genes function in several ways, including:
Regulating the cell cycle: Tumor suppressor genes help regulate the cell cycle by promoting the repair of damaged DNA or triggering cell death (apoptosis) if the DNA damage cannot be repaired.
Inhibiting cell proliferation: Tumor suppressor genes can also inhibit cell proliferation by preventing cells from dividing too rapidly or inappropriately.
Examples of tumor suppressor genes include:
TP53: This is one of the most well-known tumor suppressor genes. It encodes the p53 protein, which plays a critical role in regulating the cell cycle and triggering apoptosis in cells with DNA damage.
RB1: This gene encodes the retinoblastoma protein, which helps regulate the progression of cells through the cell cycle. Mutations in this gene can lead to the development of retinoblastoma and other types of cancer.
BRCA1 and BRCA2: These genes are involved in DNA repair and help prevent the development of breast and ovarian cancer. Mutations in these genes can lead to an increased risk of developing these types of cancer.
PTEN: This gene helps regulate cell growth and division by inhibiting a signaling pathway called the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Mutations in this gene can lead to the development of several types of cancer, including prostate, breast, and colorectal cancer.
For more questions like gene visit the link below:
https://brainly.com/question/16188646
#SPJ11
Question 8 Marks: 1 When two pollutants are combined, the effects are greater than the sum of the individual effects. This is calledChoose one answer. a. commensalism b. synergism c. magnification d. multiplication
The correct answer is b. synergism. When two pollutants are combined, their effects can be amplified and become greater than the sum of their individual effects. This is known as synergism.
Synergistic effects can be particularly dangerous to human health and the environment because they can result in unexpected and potentially harmful outcomes. It is important to understand how different pollutants interact with each other in order to develop effective strategies for reducing their negative impacts.
Synergism occurs when the interaction between pollutants results in a more significant impact than if they were acting independently. This can lead to greater harm to the environment or living organisms exposed to these combined pollutants.
To summarize:
- Two pollutants combine
- The combined effects are greater than the sum of the individual effects
- This phenomenon is called synergism
To lean more about pollutants : brainly.com/question/28519286
#SPJ11
State the different paths an amino acid can take once it is in a cell
Once an amino acid enters a cell, it can take several different paths depending on the needs of the cell. One possible path is for the amino acid to be incorporated into a protein through the process of translation.
During translation, the amino acid is joined with other amino acids in a specific order determined by the mRNA sequence.
Another path is for the amino acid to be used for energy production through the process of cellular respiration. The amino acid can be broken down into molecules that can enter the citric acid cycle and produce ATP.
Alternatively, the amino acid can be used to synthesize other molecules such as nucleotides, hormones, and neurotransmitters.
Amino acids can also be converted into glucose through the process of gluconeogenesis, which occurs when glucose levels are low in the body.
In summary, the different paths an amino acid can take once it is in a cell include protein synthesis, energy production, synthesis of other molecules, and gluconeogenesis.
For more such answers on translation
https://brainly.com/question/1574635
#SPJ11
Microtubules are composed of protein subunits known as: tubulin. myosin. actin. keratin.
Microtubules are composed of protein subunits known as tubulin (Option A).
What are microtubules?Microtubule is a narrow, hollow tube-like structure found in the cytoplasm (the fluid inside a cell) of plant and animal cells. Microtubules help support the shape of a cell. They also help chromosomes move during cell division and help small structures called cell organelles to move inside the cell.
Microtubules are formed by the polymerization of alpha and beta tubulin dimers, which then combine to form protofilaments. These protofilaments then associate laterally to form the hollow tube-like structure of the microtubule. Myosin, actin, and keratin are all types of proteins, but they are not components of microtubules.
Learn more about microtubules: https://brainly.com/question/14396455
#SPJ11