The aldol condensation is a chemical reaction that occurs between a carbonyl compound and an alpha, beta-unsaturated carbonyl compound to form a new carbon-carbon bond, resulting in the formation of a new molecule. This reaction is an example of a crossed aldol reaction because the two starting compounds are not structurally similar.
In the case of cyclopentanone reacting with trans-cinnamaldehyde, the reaction occurs in the following steps:
Protonation of the alpha carbon of the trans-cinnamaldehyde by a strong acid such as hydrochloric acid (HCl). This step creates a resonance-stabilized carbanion intermediate.Attack of the carbanion intermediate on the carbonyl carbon of the cyclopentanone, forming a tetrahedral intermediate.Deprotonation of the intermediate by a base such as sodium hydroxide (NaOH) to form the aldol product.Dehydration of the aldol product forms the final product, which is a conjugated enone. This step is typically carried out by heating the mixture in the presence of an acid catalyst such as sulfuric acid (H2SO4).Learn more about Aldol Condensation here: brainly.com/question/27178362
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Which of the following conditions must be satisfied for a collision between reactants to be effective?
a. A high concentration of reactants
b. Enough energy to overcome E,
c. Appropriate molecular orientation
The right molecular orientation and sufficient energy to overcome Ea are necessary for one collision amongst reaction to be successful.
How many collision phases are there?The vehicular accident, human crash, and internal collision are the three steps that every collision goes through, which you may not have known.
What is the purpose of collision?Regardless of who was at fault, coverage provides compensation to fix or replace your automobile if it is damaged or damaged in a collision with another vehicle. That's not the same as liability insurance, which assists in covering damage to that other user's vehicle as a result of a collision you caused.
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C14 is another radioactive substance with a half-life of 5730 years. If a mammoth died with
2000 grams of C14 and then its fossilized bones were found to have just over 250 grams of
C14, how old is the fossil?
a) 5730 years
c) 17,190 years
d) impossible to tell
b) 11,460 years
FILL IN THE BLANK. [ne]3s23p3 is the electron configuration of a(n) ________ atom.
Given the volumes of a solvent and solute and their density, what temperature do they freeze at? It would really help if someone helped explain how to do this, I’m kind of stuck thanks
Answer:
Explanation:
To determine the freezing temperature of a solvent and solute mixture, you will need to use the freezing point depression equation. This equation allows you to calculate the change in freezing point of a solvent caused by the addition of a solute.
The freezing point depression equation is:
ΔTf = Kf x molality
where:
ΔTf is the change in freezing point of the solvent in degrees Celsius
Kf is the freezing point depression constant for the solvent, which is a specific value for each solvent and is usually provided in a table or chart
molality is the concentration of the solute in the solvent, expressed in mol/kg
To use this equation, you will need to know the volume and density of the solvent and solute, as well as the molecular weight of the solute. You can then use these values to calculate the molality of the solute in the solvent.
For example, let's say you have a mixture of 100 mL of water (solvent) and 10 g of salt (solute). The density of water is 1 g/mL and the molecular weight of salt is 58.44 g/mol.
To calculate the molality of the salt in the water, you can use the following steps:
Calculate the mass of the solvent: 100 mL x 1 g/mL = 100 g
Calculate the molality of the solute: 10 g / 58.44 g/mol = 0.171 mol
Calculate the molality of the solvent: 0.171 mol / 100 g = 0.00171 mol/g
Once you have calculated the molality of the solute in the solvent, you can use the freezing point depression equation to calculate the change in freezing point of the solvent caused by the addition of the solute.
For water, the freezing point depression constant (Kf) is 1.86 °C/m. Therefore, the change in freezing point caused by the addition of the salt to the water would be:
ΔTf = 1.86 °C/m x 0.00171 m = 0.00316 °C
This means that the freezing temperature of the solvent and solute mixture would be 0.00316 °C lower than the freezing temperature of pure water, which is 0 °C. Therefore, the freezing temperature of the mixture would be -0.00316 °C.
I hope this helps! Let me know if you have any questions or need further clarification.
What is the freezing point of a solution that contains 10.0 g of glucose in 100g of H2O?
The proposed solution, which has 10.0 grams of glucose in 100 gram of water, has a freezing point of 1.034 C.
The freezing point is what?The degree of heat in which a liquid becomes solid. precisely the temperatures at which a material's solid and liquid states are balanced at atmospheric pressure.
How significant is freezing point?If a substance is kept below its freezing point, it may either become more or less dangerous. The freezing point additionally offers an essential safety standard for evaluating the impacts of occupational exposure to cold conditions.
Briefing:m = molality
i = van 'toff factor,
molality = n/w*t of solvent
n = w*t of Glucose/M* w t
= 10/180*1/0.1
=0.555 w* t
= 1.86*0.555*1
= 1.034
T (solvent) - d= 0-1.034
freezing point = -1.034C
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Aqueous potassium phosphate reacts with aqueous nickel(ii) bromide to produce solid nickel(ii) phosphate and aqueous potassium bromide.
a.True
b. False
Aqueous potassium phosphate reacts with aqueous nickel(ii) bromide to produce solid nickel(ii) phosphate and aqueous potassium bromide. the correct option is a) true
The chemical reaction is given as follows :
K₃PO₄(aq) + NiBr₂(aq) -----> Ni(PO₄)₂(s) + KBr(aq)
the reaction is not balance to balance the chemical equation number of atoms in the product side is equals to the reactant side. so, multiply 2 in K₃PO₄ , 3 in NiBr₂ and 6 in KBr, we get :
2K₃PO₄(aq) + 3NiBr₂(aq) -----> Ni(PO₄)₂(s) + 6KBr(aq)
potassium nickel bromide nickel potassium bromide
phosphate phosphate
Now the above reaction is balanced. potassium phosphate reacts with nickel(ii) bromide to produce nickel(ii) phosphate and potassium bromide.
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A spinning turbine can generate electricity only in the form of a/an _______ current. of all the alternative energy technologies presented in this section, only solar panels produce a/an _______ current. respond to the following based on your reading. what role does the sun play in allowing power to be produced with wind turbines?
Answer: Alternating is the first one, and direct is the second one.
Explanation:
bases contribute _____ to a solution
Because it is a stronger basic than hydroxide ion, it cannot persist in aqueous solution. Examples include ortho-diethynylbenzene dianion (C 6 H 4 (C 2) 2) and sodium hydride (NaH). A neutral base and neutral acid join together to form a bond and share an electron pair.
The three definitions of "base" used in chemistry are Arrhenius base, Bronsted base, and Lewis base. The fact that bases react with acids is acknowledged by all base definitions. Chemistry's definition of an Arrhenius base is a chemical that breaks down into hydroxide ions (OH-) in an aqueous solution. Qualities of a base. The ions in an aqueous base solution split apart to conduct electricity. Its pH level is higher than 7. As they interact with acids, salts are created.
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Provide The Correct IUPAC/Systematic Name Of The Following Compound.
The given compound is a carboxylic acid with a hydroxyl group. The IUPAC name of the following compound is 2-hydroxyhexanoic acid.
What is IUPAC rules?IUPAC states certain rules to to name the organic compounds. Firstly the name of the compound is based on the number of carbon atoms in the longest chain.
The carbon atoms with the functional groups attached are numbered in such a way that, they have the small numberings. The functions groups are named with their suffix or prefix.
The given compound is a carboxylic acid with the group COOH. The long chain contains 6 carbons and a hydroxyl group is there in the second carbon. Hence, its name is 2-hydroxy hexanoic acid.
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What will be depression in freezing point when 6g of urea is dissolved in 1000 g of water?
The freezing point depression of the solution will be ΔTf = 1.86°C/m × 0.1 mol/kg = 0.186°C.
What is dissolved?Dissolved is a term used when a solid is broken down into small particles and dispersed in a liquid. When a solid is dissolved in a liquid, the solid particles no longer exist as separate entities. Instead, the solid particles are distributed evenly throughout the liquid. Dissolution is a common process in chemistry and is used in many everyday applications, such as drinking soda or adding sugar to coffee.
The freezing point depression of a solution containing 6 g of urea dissolved in 1000 g of water can be calculated using the formula ΔTf = iKf m, where ΔTf is the freezing point depression, Kf is the cryoscopic constant for water (1.86°C/m), and m is the molality of the solution. The molality of the solution can be calculated as m = (6 g/60 g/mol)/(1000 g/1000 mL) = 0.1 mol/kg. Therefore, the freezing point depression of the solution will be ΔTf = 1.86°C/m × 0.1 mol/kg = 0.186°C.
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What are the steps involved in enzymatic reaction?
Enzyme-catalyzed reactions happen in two steps.
1. Enzyme molecules and substrate molecules collide.
2. The formed enzyme-substrate molecule will catalyze and form a product and enzyme
In step one, the enzyme molecule (E) and substrate molecule(s) will collide, and they react, forming the intermediate compound, which is called "the enzyme-substrate" (E-S) complex. (The step is reversible since the complex breaks apart into the original substrate(s) and free enzyme).
In step two, after E-S complex forms, the enzyme will catalyze forming a product (P) and later be released from the enzyme's surface.
S + E → E–S
E–S → P + E
Hydrogen bonding and other electrostatic interactions will hold the substrate and enzyme together in a complex. The functional groups or structural features in the enzyme that participate in the interactions will be located in the pocket or cleft on the enzyme's surface. The pocket where enzymes combine with a substrate and transform it into a product is called the enzyme's active site. It has a unique conformation, complementary to the substrate structure, for the substrate and enzyme molecules to fit together similarly as the key in tumbler locks.
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the formation of a dipeptide from two amino acids involves
Look below. When two amino acids are joined together, or when two amino acids condense, a dipeptide is created. Condensation occurs between the amine group of one amino acid and the acid group of another.
What is the photosynthesis chemical formula?
The carboxyl group on one amino acid and the amino group on the other combine to create a link, which results in the creation of a water molecule. What do you name a dipeptide that has been split into two amino acids?
The dipeptide is broken down into two ionised amino acids in the hydrolysis reaction depicted here with the addition of a water molecule. One amino acid receives a negative charge and an oxygen atom, whereas the second amino acid receives two hydrogen atoms.
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What term describes the relationship between the mass and volume of a substance?
Answer:
Density
Explanation:
Density is a physical property that describes the relationship between mass and volume. Density is the amount of matter in a given space, or volume.
Answer:
The relationship between the mass and volume of a substance is known as its density. Density is defined as the mass of a substance per unit volume. In other words, it is a measure of how much matter is packed into a given space. The density of a substance is determined by dividing its mass by its volume. For example, if a substance has a mass of 10 grams and a volume of 2 cubic centimeters, its density would be 10 grams / 2 cubic centimeters = 5 grams/cubic centimeter. Density is an important physical property of substances, as it can be used to identify and classify different materials and understand their behavior.
pls award brainliest!
Explanation:
The vapor pressure of nitrogen at several different temperatures is shown below. Use the data to determine the heat of vaporization of nitrogen. Determine the normal boiling point of nitrogen.
The heat of vaporization of nitrogen is 6,028.25 J/mol. The normal boiling point of nitrogen is 77.58 K.
The table for the question is in the attachment. Using the Clausius-Clapeyron Equation to estimate the heat of vaporization.
ln (P₁/P₂) = ΔH/R × (1/T₂ - 1/T₁)
where
P = the pressureln (130,5/289,5) = ΔH/R × (1/70 - 1/65)
ln 0.45078 × 8.314 = ΔH × ((65 - 70)/4550)
- 0.79678 × 8.314 = ΔH × (- 5/4550)
- 6.6244 = ΔH × - 1/910
ΔH = - 6.6244 × - 910
ΔH = 6,028.2 J/mol
The normal boiling point reaches when pressure is 1 atm or 760 torr.
P₁ = 760 torrln (760/1,718) = (6,028.2/8.314) × (1/85 - 1/T)
ln 0.4424 = 725.0662 × ((T - 85)/85T)
-0.81554 ÷ 725.0662 = ((T - 85)/85T)
- 0.001125 × 85T = T - 85
- 0.0956T = T - 85
- 0.0956T - T = 85
- 1.0956T = - 85
T = - 85 ÷ - 1.0956
T = 77.58 K
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A scientist analyzing an unknown organic substance has determined that it consists of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. During experimentation, she determines that the substance is not soluble in water. What is the macromolecule?.
An organic substance consisting of C, H, and O is not soluble in water. This macromolecule is most probably: lipid.
What are lipids and its characteristic?Lipids are non-polar organic compounds that are insoluble in polar solvents, such as water. They have oily, fatty, and waxy consistency. Lipids are typically made of:
A glycerol backboneTwo fatty acid tails.A phosphate group.Lipids typically have the following characteristics:
Insoluble in water and any polar solvent.Soluble in organic solvents (chloroform, alcohol, acetone, etc.).May be either non-crystalline solids or liquids at room temperature.Have no ionic charges.Learn more about lipids here https://brainly.com/question/29334141
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The name of the compound PbCl4 is:Lead tetrachlorideLead(II) chlorideLead(IV) chlorideLead chlorideThis question has more then one answer thats why i keep missing it
The Answer is Lead tetrachloride, PbCl4 is the molecular formula for lead tetrachloride, also known as lead(IV) chloride. It is a yellow, oily liquid that is stable below 0 degrees Celsius and decomposes at 50 degrees Celsius.
It is tetrahedral in structure, with lead as the central atom. The covalent bond length of Pb-Cl is 247 pm, and the bond energy is 243 kJmol. Lead tetrachloride can be synthesised by reacting lead(II) chloride PbCl2 with hydrochloric acid HCl in the presence of chlorine gas (Cl2), yielding chloroplumbic acid H2PbCl6. By adding ammonium chloride, it is converted to the ammonium salt (NH4)2PbCl6 (NH4Cl). Finally, concentrated sulfuric acid H2SO4 is added to the solution to separate out the lead tetrachloride.
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What’s the first change that occurs in your cookie dough after you put the pan in the oven?answer choicesWater boilsbutter meltsProtein unfoldsCaramelization occurs
Answer: butter melts
Explanation:
All of the following are considered toxic metal pollutants EXCEPT
a. Cadmium
b. Chromium
c. Lead
d. Mercury
e. Potassium
Cadmium. With the exception of potassium, harmful metal contaminants include chromium, lead, and mercury.
Individual metals and metal compounds that are toxic to humans' health, called "heavy metals," include both single metals and metal compounds. This page discusses certain poisonous semi-metallic elements, such as selenium and arsenic. Many of these metals are essential to life in extremely tiny quantities. But when consumed in greater quantities, they became poisonous. They might accumulate in biological systems and pose a serious risk to one's health. Technical and governmental information regarding hazardous metals can be found on this website as a starting point. As harmful metal contaminants, arsenic and beryllium are also present. An abundant yet uncommon element called cadmium is naturally present in the environment.
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lewis structure for cl2co
The [tex]CCl_{2}O[/tex] Lewis structure has a trigonal planner form with a 120-degree angle(Shown in the picture).
Two bonding and three nonbonding lone pairs of electrons are present on the central carbon atom of the Lewis structure [tex]CCl_{2}O[/tex]. The three sets of electron pairs are organized in a trigonal planar arrangement. The Lewis structure [tex]CCl_{2}O[/tex] has a triangular shape.
The [tex]CCl_{2}O[/tex] Lewis structure has a 120-degree bond angle. The configuration is [tex]AX_{2}[/tex]. There are two bonding pairs and one lone pair on the central atom. The electron pairs in this region remain in a plane. Therefore, in the Lewis structure [tex]CCl_{2}O[/tex], the molecular shape is trigonal.
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How do you calculate Mg from MgO?
The ions Mg2+ and O2- that are connected by an ionic bond make up magnesium oxide MgO . However, since each molecule contains one mass atom of magnesium and one atom of oxygen.
We may infer from the valency that the net charge in each molecule is zero and balanced. As a result, magnesium oxide has the chemical formula MgO. Mass of a substance Equals number of moles (n) a substance's molar mass. Magnesium is a chemical element, but magnesium oxide is an ionic molecule, which is the major distinction between magnesium and magnesium oxide. One kind of magnesium that is frequently consumed as a dietary supplement is magnesium oxide.
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What are chemical formulas in chemistry?
A chemical formula is a phrase that lists the constituent parts of a compound together with their relative proportions.
What are the different kinds of chemical formulas?A written chemical formula is a straightforward illustration of an actual, three-dimensional molecule. The precise atoms that make up a material are described in its chemical formula. The empirical formula, the molecular formula, and the structural formula are the three fundamental types of chemical formulas.
What three sorts of chemical formulas are there?Empirical, molecular, and structural chemical formulas are the three basic categories. In contrast to molecular formulas, which display the number of each type of atom in a molecule, structural formulas display the simplest whole-number ratio of atoms in a compound.
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Two kg of aturated aqueou olution of a highly oluble component A at 50 °C i cooled of A are (0. 5 kg 4)/(kgwater) at 50 °C and to 30 °C. The olubility of A (0. 3 kg 4)/(kgwater) at 30 °C. The amount in kg of the crytal formed i-----?
a) 1. 47 kg
b) 0. 57 kg
c) 0. 68 kg
d) 0. 07 kg
The answer to the Two kg of aturated aqueous olution of a highly oluble component A at 50 °C i cooled of A are (0. 5 kg 4)/(kgwater) at 50 °C and to 30 °C. for the crystal are 0.07.
The salt crystals that lose their water of crystallization on heating are referred to as anhydrous crystals.
Here we have the
2 kg of solution * (0, 5 kgA)/(4kg of water =0.15 kgofA
1 kg of solution * (0, 5 kgA)/(4kg of water =0.075 kgofA
Thus, the quantity of anhydrous crystal
are popping out of the answer that is cooled from eighty deg * C to 30 deg * C are: 0.15 - kg of A - 0.075kg of A = 0.07 kg of crystal.
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2 Sanitizing Methods
Answer: Washing your hands with soap, and hand sanitizer.
Explanation:
What are symbols used for?
A mark, sign, or phrase is a symbol if it denotes, or is taken to denote, an idea, an object, or a relationship.
What does a symbol in writing mean?A symbol in literature is something that stands for or symbolizes another idea. A symbol can be almost anything, including an item, a mark, an image, a character, a name, or a location. A literary technique known as symbolism uses symbols to give a story significance.
What do the symbols mean?A symbol is anything that stands for or represents anything else. A character, an action, a thing, or an animal can all have symbolic meaning in a story. These symbols frequently represent an abstract concept, such a force of nature, a global condition, or a notion.
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Which of the following is an easy and sustainable way for campuses to reduce waste?
a. recycling bins
b. canals for dumping waste
c. Incinerators for garbage
d. outsource to companies that specialize in recycling
Answer:
a recycling bins
Explanation:
it's the easiest to do and to follow
An easy and sustainable way for campuses to reduce waste is recycling bins. Therefore, option A is correct.
What are recycling bins ?Before being transported to recycling facilities, recyclables are stored in recycling bins. For usage inside and outside of residences, workplaces, and big public venues, recycling bins come in a variety of sizes.
The recycling bin's goal is to gather items that might have otherwise ended up in landfills. These items are frequently processed again to create new items. There are various items that can go in a recycling container. Papers, metal scraps, periodicals made of plastic, discarded gadgets, and a variety of other items are all acceptable.
The collection of used newspapers and magazines for recycling and their conversion into new paper products is an illustration of external recycling. Glass bottles and aluminum cans are two further examples of common items that are extensively recycled outside.
Thus, option A is correct.
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When 100g of sugar is dissolved in 200 mL of water there is no increase in volume what characteristic of matter is illustrated by this observation?
This characteristic of matter is important in many areas of science and technology, including medicine, chemistry and engineering.
What is illustration?Illustration is a form of visual art that uses lines, shapes, and color to create a representation of an idea or message. It is often used by artists, designers, and illustrators to communicate ideas and stories, to create visual representations of a concept, to capture a moment in time, or to provide decoration.
This observation illustrates the characteristic of matter known as volume invariance, which states that when a substance is dissolved in a solvent, there is no change in the total volume of the mixture. This is due to the fact that the particles of the dissolved substance are distributed throughout the solvent, but remain the same size and shape as before. Therefore, the overall volume remains constant. For example, when 100g of sugar is dissolved in 200 mL of water, the total volume of the mixture is still 200 mL, as the sugar molecules are spread throughout the water. This characteristic of matter is important in many areas of science and technology, including medicine, chemistry and engineering.
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Urgent!!! 100 points
The indicator in a titration changed color after 0.01 mol of sodium hydroxide were added to a sulfuric acid solution for the acid-base reaction shown below:
H2SO4 + 2NaOH → Na2SO4 + 2H2O
How many moles of sulfuric acid are in solution? HINT: The ratio of moles of the sulfuric acid to the sodium hydroxide in this reaction is 1:2.
Answer:
0.005 moles of sulfuric acid are in the solution
Explanation:
The acid-base reaction you have shown occurs in a 1:2 mole ratio, meaning that for every mole of sulfuric acid, 2 moles of sodium hydroxide are required to neutralize it.Since you added 0.01 moles of sodium hydroxide, this would be enough to neutralize 0.01/2=0.005 moles of sulfuric acid.Therefore, there are 0.005 moles of sulfuric acid in the solution.Does all pewter contain lead?
No, not all pewter contains lead. Lead-free pewter is available and is made with a combination of tin, antimony, and copper.
What is Pewter?
Pewter is an alloy made primarily of tin, with small amounts of copper, antimony, and sometimes bismuth. It is a malleable metal with a silvery-grey color, and is commonly used to make decorative items and functional items such as plates, teapots, and figurines.
Lead-free pewter is a type of alloy metal made up of tin, antimony, and copper. This type of pewter does not contain any lead, making it a safe and non-toxic alternative to traditional pewter. Lead-free pewter is often used in the production of jewelry, ornaments, kitchenware, and even tableware. It is valued for its malleability, resistance to corrosion, and durability. Lead-free pewter is also more cost-effective than traditional pewter and is ideal for creating intricate designs and details.
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Solving applied mass concentration problems Measurements have shown that the concentration of salt in seawater is 35.5 8L Calculate the volume in liters of seawater that must be evaporated to recover 450. g of salt Round your answer to 3 significant digits. X ?
Answer: 12.7L
Explanation:
To solve this problem, we need to use the formula for concentration, which is C = m/V, where C is the concentration, m is the mass of the solute, and V is the volume of the solution. In this case, the concentration of salt in seawater is given, as well as the mass of salt that we want to recover, so we can solve for the volume of seawater by rearranging the formula to solve for V. The formula for V would be V = m/C.
Plugging in the given values, we get: V = 450 g / 35.5 g/L = 12.7 L
Rounding to three significant digits, the volume of seawater that must be evaporated to recover 450. g of salt is 12.7 L.
the volume of seawater that needs to be evaporated to recover 450 g of salt is approximately 12.7 L.
We need to use the given information and the concept of mass concentration to find the volume of seawater that needs to be evaporated.
The mass concentration of salt in seawater is given as 35.5 g/L. This means that in every liter of seawater, there are 35.5 grams of salt.
We want to recover 450 g of salt, so we can set up a proportion using the mass concentration:
35.5 g salt / 1 L seawater = 450 g salt / X L seawater
Solving for X (the volume of seawater), we can rearrange the equation:
X L seawater = (450 g salt) / (35.5 g salt / 1 L seawater)
X L seawater = 450 g salt × (1 L seawater / 35.5 g salt)
X L seawater = 12.676 L seawater
Rounding the answer to 3 significant digits, the volume of seawater that needs to be evaporated to recover 450 g of salt is approximately 12.7 L.
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Use dot-cross diagram to describe the formation of ionic bonds between Group I(Group 1) and Group VII(Group 7)
There are two types of chemical compound one is covalent compound and other is ionic compound, covalent compound formed by sharing of electron and ionic compound formed by complete transfer of electron. Therefore, the bond can be represented as M·×X.
What is chemical Compound?Chemical Compound is a combination of molecule, Molecule forms by combination of element and element forms by combination of atoms in fixed proportion.
An ionic compound is a metal and nonmetal combined compound. Ionic compound are very hard. They have high melting and boiling point because of strong ion bond.
The metal belonging to group 1 will have 1 electron in the outermost shell which can be represented as M·
Halogens have also 1 electron in its outermost shell which can be represented as X×
When these combine to form bond then the bond can be represented as M·×X.
Therefore, the bond can be represented as M·×X.
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