The increasing order of the crystal field splitting- I− < Br− < S2− < SCN− < Cl−< N3 < F−< NCO−< OH−<C2O42−< O2−< H2O < acac− < NCS− < CH3CN <gly <py < NH3 < en < bipy < phen < NO2− < PPh3 < CN− < CO.
Describe the spectrochemical sequence.The ligands (affections to a metal ion) are listed in the spectrochemical series according to the strength of their field. The series was created by superimposing various sequences acquired from spectroscopic research because it is impossible to generate the full series by examining complexes with the single metal ion.
Which ligands in the spectrochemical series are strong field ligands?The ligands cyanide and CO are classified as strong-field ligands, whereas the halides are weak-field ligands. Ligands such as water and ammonia are said to create medium field effects.
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what is the equation for the equilibrium constant of 2 CrO 4 2 − (aq) + 2 H + (aq) ⇌ Cr 2 O 7 2 − (aq) + H 2 O (l)
The equation for the equilibrium constant K = [ Cr₂O₇²⁻] [ H₂O ] / [ Cr₂O₇²⁻ ]² [ H⁺]².
What is equilibrium constant ?For a chemical reaction, the equilibrium constant can be defined as the ratio of reactant to product that is used to determine chemical behavior. At equilibrium, the forward reaction rate equals the backward reaction rate.
Equilibrium constants vary with temperature and are unaffected by reaction quantities, catalysts, or inert materials. Furthermore, it is unaffected by reactant concentrations, pressures, or volumes. In general, the temperature dependence of the equilibrium constant is determined by H of the reaction.
Thus, The equation for the equilibrium constant K = [ Cr₂O₇²⁻] [ H₂O ] / [ Cr₂O₇²⁻ ]² [ H⁺]².
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Explain how the interactions between molecules cause the difference in the state of nitrogen and water.
PLEASE I NEED THIS ANSWER ASAP --- DUE MONDAY DEC 5
The state of matter is dependent on the intermolecular forces of attraction and this is the case of Nitrogen which is gas and has Vander Waal's force of attraction while water, a liquid molecule has hydrogen bonding.
What is the interaction between molecules?Molecular interaction occurs between molecules or atoms which are linked by bonds. These interactions include repulsive and cohesive forces. An interaction is cohesive when the attraction force between molecules are of alike nature. It is repulsive for unlike molecules.
Intermolecular forces are the attractive and repulsive forces between molecules. The presence of Vander Waal's force in Nitrogen and hydrogen bond in water makes it repulsive.
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Pretest: Unit 2
Question 15 of 34
Which of the following increases the H* concentration in solution?
A. Water
B. A base
C. An acid
O D. Salt
SUBMIT
Reasoning About Photographing an Eclipse
Reasoning About Photographing an Eclipse
With your group, use the Reasoning Tool to connect each piece of evidence to the claim you think is correct.
Question: When can a lunar eclipse be photographed?
Claim 1: A lunar eclipse can be photographed anytime Earth is in between the sun and the Moon.
Claim 2: A lunar eclipse can be photographed sometimes when Earth is in between the sun and the Moon.
Evidence
This matters because . .
Therefore, . . .
(claim)
Example evidence: two Top View images
A lunar eclipse can be photographed sometimes when Earth is in between the sun and the Moon.
Evidence source: “An Ancient Machine for Predicting Eclipses” article
A lunar eclipse can be photographed sometimes when Earth is in between the sun and the Moon.
Evidence source: Earth, Moon, and Sun Sim
A lunar eclipse can be photographed sometimes when Earth is in between the sun and the Moon.
Evidence source: Moon Sphere Model
A lunar eclipse can be photographed sometimes when Earth is in between the sun and the Moon.
Therefore, the correct claim is: A lunar eclipse can be photographed sometimes when Earth is in between the sun and the Moon.
What is a Lunar Eclipse?A lunar eclipse occurs when Earth is positioned between the sun and the Moon, blocking the sun's light from reaching the Moon and casting a shadow on it.
However, not every lunar eclipse is visible and can be photographed. The visibility of a lunar eclipse depends on several factors such as the position of the moon in its orbit, the location of the observer on Earth, and the weather conditions.
Hence, the claim "A lunar eclipse can be photographed sometimes when Earth is in between the sun and the Moon" is supported by the evidence provided and is therefore correct.
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Which of these processes is a chemical change?
Answer:
Detailed Solution. The correct answer is Photosynthesis in plants. A chemical change takes place when a substance undergoes a chemical change i.e its molecular composition is changed entirely. It involves the formation of new substances and it is a permanent change.how many grams of aluminum chloride AICI3 form when .25 mol AI reacts
Answer: 333.415 grams of AlCl3
Explanation:
In each box, write the formula of the ionic compound consisting of the positive ion to the left of the box and the negative ion above the box.
The formula of the ionic compound consisting of the positive ion to the left of the box and the negative ion above the box are as follows:
MgCl₂, MgS, MgF₂, Mg₃N₂, MgO, Mg₃P₂
CsCl, Cs₂S, CsF, Cs₃N, Cs₂O, Cs₃P
CrCl₃, Cr₂S₃, CrF₃, CrN, Cr₂O₃, CrP
NaCl, Na₂S, NaF, Na₃N, Na₂O, Na₃P
ZnCl₂, ZnS, ZnF₂, Zn₃N₂, ZnO, Zn₃P₂
AlCl₃, Al₂S₃, AlF₃, AlN, Al₂O₃, AlP
What are ionic compounds?Ionic compounds are pure substances made up of chemically bound ions. Examples include his binary compounds such as table salt and polyatomic compounds such as sodium sulfate. All ionic compounds form crystal lattices. Ionic compounds are pure substances formed mainly by positive and negative ionic attraction. Compounds are formed mainly by ions, although a small amount of electron sharing always occurs.
Ionic compounds are pure substances formed from chemically bound ions. Ionic bonds form ionic compounds. Covalent bonds form molecular bonds.Most atoms connect through covalent bonds, in which shared electrons form directional bonds. These are molecules.Ionic compounds are electrically neutral and consist of a few atoms (ions) or many atoms (ions). Diatomic and polyatomic compounds are equally common.To know more about ionic compounds, visit:
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Label each diagram (A, B, and C) as either convergent plate boundary, divergent plate boundary, or transform plate boundary. three plate boundaries
Diagram A is a divergent plate boundary, B is a convergent plate boundary and C is a transform plate boundary.
What are tectonic boundaries?Plate tectonics are boundaries between two or more plates moving towards each other, away from each other or past each other. When these occur they are known as either convergent, divergent or transform plate boundaries.
A convergent plate boundary, the tectonic plate converge by subduction, where the thin ocean crust slides beneath thick crust. It is divergent when the linear features are moving away from each other. For transform plate, the broad zone slides northwestward past the north plate.
The full question is:
Label each diagram (A, B, and C) as either convergent plate boundary, divergent plate boundary, or transform plate boundary. three plate boundaries
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Draw the Lewis structure for the polyatomic phosphite (PO3 anion. Be sure to include all resonance structures that satisfy the octet rule.
We may arrange the valence electrons around the center atom of PO3-3 and try to fill each atom's outer shell once we learn how many exist. Its PO3 3- Lewis structure is made up of 26 valence electrons.
How can one recognize polyatomic?Only a few of the elements in the periodic table have a following letter that is lowercase after their first capital letter. Therefore, you can tell an ion is polyatomic if it has two capital letters together.
Oxygen – polyatomic or not?However, the majority of elements are found in molecules made up of two or maybe more atoms. We refer to these as polyatomic elements. The oxygen family of elements, which includes oxygen.
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The question that I have is in the photo
Answer: 56.1 g
Explanation:
We begin by finding the formula mass of KCl.
The atomic mass of K is 39 g/mol.The atomic mass of Cl is 35.5 g/mol.So, the formula mass of KCl is [tex]39+35.5=74.5[/tex] g/mol.Therefore, 87.0 grams of KCl is equal to [tex]\frac{87.0}{74.5}=1.167785[/tex] moles.
From the reaction, we know that for every 2 moles of KCl produced, 3 moles of diatomic oxygen are produced. This means that there are [tex]1.167785(3/2)=1.7516775[/tex] moles of diatomic oxygen.
The formula mass of diatomic oxygen is 32 g/mol, meaning [tex](1.7516775)(32)=56.1[/tex] grams of diatomic oxygen were produced.
18) Jamal performs an experiment where he mixes hydrochloric acid and zinc metal together. He writes a chemical equation that he thinks models his experiment.
2HCl(aq) + Zn(s) - ZnCl₂(aq) + H₂(g)
A) Heat was absorbed
B) A precipitate formed.
The color changed.
D) A gas was formed.
Answer:
the answer is D.
Is NaCl more chemically reactive than NaBr? Why?
NaCl is more reactive than NaBr because Cl is more electronegative than Br and it is smaller than Br, thus, can be easily attack other compounds.
What is NaCl?NaCl is an ionic compound formed thorough the electrons loss from the metallic sodium to chlorine. Sodium has one valence electron which can be easily lost to electronegative non-metals such as halogens.
Halogens such as chlorine, fluorine etc. are highly electronegative and easily gain one electrons from metals. The electronegativity of atoms decreases down a group. Thus, F is much more electronegative than Cl which is more electronegative than Br than I.
NaBr is an ionic compound similar to NaCl. However, Br is bigger in size and less electronegative than Cl that's why it is chemically less reactive in comparison to NaCl.
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Lavasha's backpack holds up to 62.75 kilograms. What is this mass expressed in grams?
O62750 g
O 6.275 g
O 0.06275 g
O6275 g
Hello,
I hope you and your family are doing well!
To convert a mass from kilograms to grams, we can multiply the mass by 1000, since there are 1000 grams in 1 kilogram.
Therefore, the mass of Lavasha's backpack expressed in grams is:
62.75 kilograms * 1000 grams/kilogram = 62750 grams
So Lavasha's backpack has a mass of 62750 grams.
Answer: A
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How many grams of F are in 285 g CaF2?
138.75 grams of fluorine contain in 285g CaF2
To calculate no of we use
No of moles = Given Mass/Molar mass
here given mass is 285g Molar Mass of CaF2 is 78.07g/mol
Number of moles = 285/78.07= 3.650 moles
so we can say that 1 mole of CaF2 contains 2 moles of F2 in it.
3.650 ,moles of Caf2 contains =2 x 3.650=7.30 moles of F2
Mass of fluorine is 19
19 x 7.30 = 138.72 grams of fluorine is present in 285grams of Caf2
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What mass of carbon contains 6 x 10²³ carbon atoms?
Answer:
1.992×10–²³
Explanation:
We mainly use molar masses in calculation and this is not a mass of single but it is mass of one mole of atoms, molecules or ions. We know that in ions and atoms there are only differences in the number of electrons and mass of electrons is negligible. Then the mass of the ion and atom of the same element is the same.
In a chromatography experiment, how do you identify the components of an unknown mixture? Select one: O Compare the Re values of the mixture components to the Ry values of pure known compounds. O Combine the mixture with a series of known compounds and observe the color of the dots. O Combine the mixture with multiple known compounds and look for the largest spots. O Compare the color of the mixture spots to the colors of pure known compounds.
The correct answer is
a. Compare the Re values of the mixture components to the Ry values of pure known compounds.
Chromatography can identify the components of an unknown mixture by comparing the retention time or retention index of the mixture components to that of known compounds.
Retention time is the time it takes for a compound to pass through a chromatographic column, and retention index is a measure of the distance a compound travels through the column compared to a set of reference compounds. Compounds in a mixture can be identified by comparing the retention time or retention index of the mixture components to pure known compounds.
Other techniques that can be used chromatographically to identify unknown mixture components include mass spectrometry, infrared spectroscopy, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. These techniques involve analyzing the molecular properties of mixture components to determine their identities.
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Which of the following is not a strong acid? HNO3 HC2H3O2 (aka CH3COOH) All are strong acids. HCI H2SO4
Given a titration reaction, the titrant concentration and volume, and the analyte volume and mass, identify the titrant to analyte stoichiometry
Given a titration reaction, titrant concentration and volume, the analyte volume and mass, then to identify titrant to analyte stoichiometry : Put the coefficients of each compound in order and simplify if possible.
How do you identify analyte and titrant?During titration, there are two solutions: analyte and the titrant. Analyte is the unknown solution for which you would like to know the concentration or the equilibrium constant. The titrant is the known solution which has a precise and accurate concentration.
The stoichiometric point is the point where an equal amount of acid and base is present to neutralize chemical reaction. Known reagents added to chemical reaction are called titrant and unknown solution is called analyte.
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for a radical addition reaction involving hbr and propene, sort each reaction step into initiation, propagation and termination steps.
For a radical addition reaction involving HBr and propene , includes initiation , propagation and termination. the reaction is given as :
CH₃CH=CH₂ + HBr + peroxide ----> CH₃CH₂CH₂Br
1) The steps involves in the initiation steps are :
RO - RO ----> 2RO°
RO° + H- Br ----> ROH + Br°
2) this steps involves the propagation steps are :
CH₃ - CH = CH₂ + Br° ---> CH₃ - CH -CH₂ - Br
CH₃ - °CH - CH₂ - Br + H - Br ----> CH₃ - CH₂ - CH₂ - Br + Br°
3) the termination step include :
Br° + Br° ----> Br - Br
2 CH₃ - °CH - CH₂ - Br ---> CH₃ - CH - CH₂ - Br
|
CH₃ - CH - CH₂ - Br
CH₃ - °CH - CH₂ - Br + Br° ---> CH₃ - CH - CH₂ - Br
|
Br
Thus, the above steps are involved in the radical addition reaction.
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1. Identify the anode and the cathode in the following combinations of half-cells. Remember that Ecell Eox + Ered and that Egell must be positive in order to function as a voltaic cell. You may use tables of standard reduction potentials in your text. a) Fe/Fe and Zn/Zn anode cathode b) Ag/Ag' and Sn/Sn c) Zn/Zn*2 and Cu/Cu2 d) Sn/Sn2 and Al/Al 2. Sketch a voltaic cell consisting of lead anode and a copper cathode. Clearly label both electrodes, the voltmeter, salt bridge, the direction of electron flow, and suggest possible salts which could be dissolved in the half cells to complete the cell.3. Give the cell notation for a voltaic cell consisting of a metallic iron anode immersed in a solution of FeCly, and a metallic copper cathode immersed in aqueous Cu(NO3)2.
a) Fe is the anode and Cu is the cathode. b) Ag is the cathode and Sn is anode c) Zn is anode and Cu is cathode d) Al is cathode and Sn anode.
2. What type of salts are used in the half cells to complete the cell?Possible salts that can be dissolved in half cell to complete the cell : potassium chloride (KCl) and potassium nitrate (KNO3) are better inert salts.
A salt bridge's main function is to maintain electrical neutrality between two beakers and to do so the salt used must be inert. The ions must to move to and forth between the two half cells.
3. Cell notation for a voltaic cell consisting of metallic iron anode immersed in a solution of FeCl3 and a metallic copper cathode immersed in aqueous Cu(NO3)2.
Fe°|Fe3+|| Cu2+|Cu
Left electrode -- anode and right electrode -- cathode.
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After balancing the following equation, what is the coefficient in front of hydrogen?
___Co(s) + ___HCl(aq) —> ___CoCl3(aq) + ___H2(g)
a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 4
e) 6
After balancing the equation, the coefficient in front of the hydrogen would be 3.
Balancing chemical equationA balanced chemical equation is an equation that contains an equal number of different atoms in the reactants and in the products in accordance with the law of conservation of atoms.
According to the law of conservation of atoms, atoms cannot be created nor destroyed during the course of chemical reactions, although their forms may change from reactants to products.
Going by this rule, the balanced equation of the reaction in the illustration would be: [tex]2Co(s) + 6HCl(aq) -- > 2CoCl_3(aq) + 3H_2(g)[/tex]
Thus, from the balanced equation, the coefficient of hydrogen is 3.
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Make the following conversions
1. mol↔molar mass↔6.02×10²³ atoms ions molecules
Answer:
0.204 mol
Explanation:
Molar mass of Pb(NO3)2 = 331.22 g/mol
so mol of 67.6 g equals 67.6g x (1 mole/331.22g) = 0.204 mol
Chrysanthemic acid occurs as a mixture of esters in flowers of the chrysanthemum (pyrethrum) family. Reduction of chrysanthemic acid to its alcohol (Section 17.6A) followed by conversion of the alcohol to its tosylate gives chrysanthemyl tosylate. Solvolysis (Section 9.2) of the tosylate gives a mixture of artemesia and yomogi alcohols.Propose a mechanism for the formation of these alcohols from chrysanthemyl tosylate.
The solvolysis of chrysanthemyl tosylate can occur through a nucleophilic substitution reaction, where the tosylate group is replaced by a solvent molecule. The mechanism can proceed through a series of steps as follows:
The tosylate group, which is a good leaving group, is protonated by the solvent, such as water, to form a charged intermediate.
The intermediate then undergoes an S_N2 reaction, where the solvent molecule acts as the nucleophile and attacks the carbon atom bearing the tosylate group. This results in the loss of the tosylate group and the formation of an intermediate containing a solvent molecule bonded to the carbon atom.
The intermediate then undergoes deprotonation, resulting in the formation of an alcohol functional group. The resulting alcohols will be a mixture of artemesia and yomogi alcohols, as these are the two primary components of chrysanthemyl tosylate.
Overall, the mechanism for the formation of these alcohols from chrysanthemyl tosylate can be represented as follows:
Chrysanthemyl tosylate + solvent (e.g. water) ---> chrysanthemic acid alcohol + tosylate ion
chrysanthemic acid alcohol ---> artemesia/yomogi alcohol + proton
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need answer ASAP PLEASE!!
A container of oxygen gas has a volume of 145.6 L. If the pressure of the gas is
101.3 kPa and the temperature is 0 °C, determine the amount of oxygen gas in the
container. [ans: 6.50 mol]
According to ideal gas equation, there are 6.49 moles of oxygen gas in the container.
What is ideal gas equation?The ideal gas equation is a equation which is applicable in a hypothetical state of an ideal gas.It is a combination of Boyle's law, Charle's law,Avogadro's law and Gay-Lussac's law . It is given as, PV=nRT where R= gas constant whose value is 8.314.The law has several limitations.The law was proposed by Emile Clapeyron.
Substituting the given values in above equation, n=PV/RT=101.3×145.6/8.314×273.15=6.49 moles.
Thus, there are 6.49 moles in the container.
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Which of the following characteristics of K+ channels are important for the selectivity for K+ rather than other ions?
K+ channels are important because carbonyl groups lining the wall of the pore and can interact with the unsolvated K+ ion, balancing the energy needed to remove the hydration shell.
What is the role of K + ion channels in an action potential?Potassium channels play a role in repolarization of the membrane, which follows membrane depolarization by Na, and in some cases Ca, channels during the action potential; this is necessary for returning the membrane to a negative potential to terminate the action potential signal.
What effect does opening K+ channels have on membrane potential?Opening of K+ channels in cell membranes with resulting increase in K+ conductance, shifts the membrane potential in a hyperpolarizing direction ,the K+ equilibrium potential. Hyperpolarization reduces the opening probability of ion channels involved in membrane depolarization and excitation is minimized.
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a mixture of h2(g) and o2(g) is placed in a container as represented above. the h2(g) and o2(g) react to form h2o(g). which of the following best represents the container after the reaction has gone to completion?
The container is represented by 2 O2 molecules and 4 H2O molecules once the reaction has completed.
What's a molecule and how do you use one?The lowest unit of any substance that is made up with one or more atoms and has the ability to exist on its own while keeping all of the material's chemical and physical properties is called a molecule. Within molecules, more atom division takes place. For instance, the atom and molecule of oxygen are represented by the letters O and O2, respectively.
How are molecules created?The collection of atoms that arises from the establishment of covalent bonds is referred to as a molecule. Therefore, we may assert that the most fundamental part of a covalent compound is even a molecule.
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Which of the statements about coal is false?
Burning coal causes air pollution.
The waste from burning coal must be stored securely for a very long time.
Mining coal can damage the land and pollute water resources.
Burning coal produces a large amount of energy.
Burning coal produces a large amount of energy. This statement is false about coal. Therefore, option D is correct.
What is burning coal ?In the United States, coal is primarily used as a fuel to generate electricity. Bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, or lignite are burned in coal-fired power plants. The heat generated by coal combustion is used to convert water into high-pressure steam, which drives a turbine and generates electricity.
Carbon is found in all living things, including humans. When coal is burned, the carbon in the coal combines with the oxygen in the air to form carbon dioxide. Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a colorless and odorless gas, but it is one of several gases in the atmosphere that can trap the earth's heat.
Thus, option D is correct.
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Which of the following best demonstratesthat a chemical change has taken place?
The mass of the salt solution, beaker and nails
decreased.
The volume of the salt solution has decreased.
The salt solution was discolored after a week.
The iron nail is still undissolved in the solution
after a week.
Answer:
the last one
Explanation:
THE IRON NAIL IS STILL UNDISSOLVED IN SOLUTION AFTER A WEEK
____ measures the _____ released when an isolated atom ______ an electron to form a _____ ion. ____ measures the ____ of the atom to hold on to its own electrons and attract electrons from other atoms in compounds. 1.ability2.1-3.1+4.heat5.potential6.gains7.energy8.loses9.The electronegativity10.Electron affinity
The text to complete refers to electronegativity and electron affinity.
Completed sentence about electronegativity and electron affinityThe electronegativity measures the energy released when an isolated atom loses an electron to form a potential ion. Electron affinity measures the ability of the atom to retain its own electrons and to attract electrons from other atoms in compounds.
Both expressions are part of the atonic energy, that is, the energy contained in the nucleus of the atom and considered one of the largest.
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The alkyl halide shown below undergoes an elimination reaction. Select all possible elimination products from the given structures provided below. (1 pts)}
OPTION A and OPTION D are the possible products from the given structures provided.
Alkyl Halides: What Are They?
Alkyl halides are chemical compounds that are frequently generated from alkanes that include one or more halogens. They are also known as haloalkanes or halogenoalkanes. Alkyl halides are also a part of the larger category of halocarbons.What does alkyl halide mean?
An alkyl halide, as its name indicates, is a hydrocarbon molecule in which halogens stand in for one or more hydrogen atoms. Fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine are among them. R-X, where X is a halogen and R is an alkyl group, is the general structure.What varieties of alkyl are there?
Make sure you understand the definitions of and use for the essential phrases listed below.Alkyl group, methyl group, isobutyl group, sec-butyl group, tert-butyl group, primary carbon, and secondary carbon.To know more about alkyl checkout this link:
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