according to the big bang during the very earliest moments of the universe the first photons appeared in the universe Were those released during decoupling (visible today as the cosmic microwave background) and 21 cm radio emissions occasionally emitted by hydrogen atoms.
The Big Bang theory is a physiological concept that explains how the universe is expanding from a dense population and heat state. Various Big Bang cosmic models explain the progression of the visible universe from its earliest known time frames to its global context form. During a talk for a March 1949 BBC Radio broadcast, English astronomer Fred Hoyle is credited with coining the term "Big Bang," saying: "Such theories were predicated on the hypothesis that all of the material in the universe was created inside one big bang at a special time in the distant past."
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Match each four-electron group designation with the correct molecular shape.
AX4
AX3E
AX2E2Tetrahedral
Trigonal Pyramidal
Bent
Four-electron group designation with the correct molecular shape is AX4 : Tetrahedral, AX4 : Tetrahedral, AX3E : Trigonal pyramidal, molecular shape.
Here E represent lone pair electrons and A represent central atom and X represent bonded atom.
AX4 : Tetrahedral
AX3E : Trigonal pyramidal
AX3E2 : T-shaped
AX2E3 : Linear
A molecule will adopt that shape in which lone pairs are present at maximum distance in order to have least repulsion. Thus, lone pairs are present in the at equatorial position in Trigonal bipyramidal structure to give molecular shape to the molecule.
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ammoniagas and oxygengas react to form nitrogengas and watervapor. suppose you have of and of in a reactor. calculate the largest amount of that could be produced. round your answer to the nearest .
In this reaction, ammonia gas (NH3) and oxygen gas (O2) react to form nitrogen gas (N2) and water vapor (H2O).
The balanced chemical equation for this reaction is:
2 NH3 + 3 O2 → 2 N2 + 6 H2O
To calculate the largest amount of nitrogen gas that could be produced, we need to consider the limiting reactant. The limiting reactant is the reactant that runs out first and determines the maximum amount of product that can be formed.
To find the limiting reactant, we need to compare the mole ratios of the reactants to the mole ratios of the products in the balanced chemical equation.
In this case, the mole ratio of NH3 to N2 is 2:2, and the mole ratio of O2 to N2 is 3:2. This means that the reaction consumes 2 moles of NH3 for every 2 moles of N2 produced, and 3 moles of O2 for every 2 moles of N2 produced.
Since we have of NH3 and of O2, we can calculate the number of moles of each reactant as follows:
Number of moles of NH3 = = 0.5 moles
Number of moles of O2 = = 0.75 moles
Since the number of moles of O2 is less than the number of moles required to produce the same amount of N2 (which is 3 moles), O2 is the limiting reactant. This means that the maximum amount of N2 that can be produced is equal to the number of moles of O2 that are present.
Therefore, the largest amount of N2 that could be produced in this reaction is 0.75 moles
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This reaction creates nitrogen gas (N2) and water vapor from the interaction of ammonia gas (NH3) and oxygen gas (O2) (H2O). N2 can be created in this reaction up to 0.75 moles at its maximum quantity.
2 NH3 + 3 O2 2 N2 + 6 H2O is the reaction's balanced chemical equation.
Why would one use nitrogen gas?When doing a chemical analysis, nitrogen is frequently utilized to prepare samples. Liquid sample volume is decreased and concentrated using this method. For the chemical industry, nitrogen is also crucial. In addition to nylon, dyes, nitric acid, fertilizers, and explosives, it is used to produce.
The gas nitrogen is it explosive?One liter of liquid nitrogen becomes 24.6 cubic feet of nitrogen gas when it is vaporized, expanding by a factor of 700.
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the diagrams above represent two samples of xe gas in containers of equal volume at 280k. which of the following correctly compares the two samples in terms of their deviation from ideal gas behavior and explains why?
Because the Xe atoms in sample 2 are closer together, the intermolecular attractions increase, causing the gas to deviate more from ideal behaviour.
Elastic collisions occur between molecules in an ideal gas. When compared to the distance between two molecules, the molecules in an ideal gas are very small. As a result, unlike in Sample 1, there are no attractive forces between the molecules. • In Sample 2, the molecules are very close to each other and will be attracted by other molecules. The term ideal gas makes reference to a purely theoretical gas made of molecules that adhere to a few rules: The molecules of a thermodynamic equilibrium need not attract or repel one another. An ideal gas is one where both the volume of molecules and the forces between both the particles are so small that they no effect just on gas's behaviour.
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you believe xyz stock will be rising and want to recommend a spread position to your client that would be profitable if it does. of the positions listed, you would recommend that the client go
we should recommend the bull market if there is a chance of rising stocks and that would be profitable.
This shows the bull market according to the Dow theory. The Dow theory on stock price movement is a form of technical analysis that includes some aspects of sector rotation. A bull market is the condition of a financial market in which prices are rising or are expected to rise. The term is most often used to refer to the stock market but can be applied to anything that is traded such as bonds, real estate, currencies, and commodities. A bull market is a period of time in financial markets when the price of an asset or security rises continuously. The commonly accepted definition of a bull market is when stock prices rise by 20% after two declines of 20% each. Traders employ a variety of strategies, such as increased buy and hold and retracement, to profit off bull markets.
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a compound with a molecular formula c9h10o2 has the following 1h nmr spectrum. which of the following structures is consistent with this spectrum?
structure II is correct answer
in NMR peak spectrum at 12 ppm is only for the carboxylic acid peak
in given options there is only one option with carboxylic acid functional group .therefore the answer is structure 2 is correct answer
Structures are compatible with this spectrum since no response would occur in the absence of rotation. The change in light intensity with regard to wavelength or frequency is referred to as a "spectrum." While a spectroscope is used to see spectra visually, a spectrograph is a device used to record or map spectrum.
Options and reference diagram are provided in below the solution.
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This mineral can be protective for the teeth when introduced into the water supply; however it can cause tooth mottling when consumed in high quantities
Fluoride is mineral can be protective for the teeth when introduced into the water supply; however it can cause tooth mottling when consumed in high quantities
Natural mineral fluoride is emitted from rocks into the land, water, and atmosphere. Although nearly all water contains some fluoride, the amount is typically insufficient to stop tooth decay. Additionally, fluoride can be added to drinking water supplies as a preventative step to lower cavities. Mineral fluoride is naturally found in many foods and is also sold as a dietary supplement. Fluoride, which is the ionic form of the element fluorine, prevents or delays the development of dental caries (tooth decay) and promotes the production of new bone. [1]
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1. chain reaction the splitting of a nucleus into two smaller nuclei whose combined mass is less than that of the original nucleus 2. critical mass a self-sustaining reaction that creates an on-going series of reactions 3. fission the amount of fissionable material required to keep a reaction going 4. fusion the joining of two small nuclei to form one nucleus with a larger mass than the combined mass of the original nuclei
The question is the match the following question based on the chain reaction, fission , critical mass, fusion reaction.
1) chain reaction : a self-sustaining reaction that creates an on-going series of reactions .
2) the critical mass : the amount of fissionable material required to keep a reaction going.
3) The fission reaction : the splitting of a nucleus into two smaller nuclei whose combined mass is less than that of the original nucleus .
4) The fusion reaction : the joining of two small nuclei to form one nucleus with a larger mass than the combined mass of the original nuclei.
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Which of the following compounds displays the greatest ionic character in its bonds? A) CO 2 B) H20 C) NH3 D) NO 2 E) HF
It is observed that the electronegativity difference in the bond between the two atoms is highest in the case of H2O. Thereby, it has a greater ionic bond character.
What does the character 0% ionic mean?Pauling proposed quantifying the percentage of ionic character that a chemical link possesses. A complete ionic link would obviously have 100% ionic character, while a covalent bond with an equal share of the charge density has 0% ionic character.
How is ionic character ascertained?We examine the electronegativity of the two atoms participating in a bond in order to determine its ionic character (or polarity). The connection has a stronger ionic character the larger the difference. The placement of polar bonds in the compound's three - dimensional structure allows us to determine the polarity of the entire complex.
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Is the giant water lily multicellular or unicellular
Answer:
Multi cellular
Explanation:
As it has more than one cell
Answer:
giant water lily is is multi cellular
Classify the following radicals by sorting them into the appropriate bins. Allylic Primary Secondary Tertiary H3C (CH3)2CHCH2CH2 (CH3)2CHCHCH3 (CH3)2CCH2CH3 (CH3)2C-CHCH2
Answer:
Allylic: H3C (CH3)2C-CHCH2
Primary: (CH3)2CHCH2CH2
Secondary: (CH3)2CHCHCH3
Tertiary: (CH3)2CCH2CH3
In this classification, the radicals are sorted based on the number of carbon atoms that are bonded to the carbon atom containing the radical. Allylic radicals have a double bond between the carbon atom containing the radical and the adjacent carbon atom, while primary, secondary, and tertiary radicals have one, two, and three carbon atoms bonded to the carbon atom containing the radical, respectively.
the gas mixture inside one of the cylinders of an automo- bile engine expands against a constant external pressure of 0.98 atm, from an initial volume of 150 ml (at the end of the compression stroke) to a final volume of 800 ml. cal- culate the work done on the gas mixture during this pro- cess, and express it in joule
The work done on the gas mixture during this process is the work done is [tex]$-5.3 \mathrm{~J}$[/tex]
Work done by a gas against a constant external pressure is given by the expression,
[tex]$$\mathrm{W}=-\mathrm{P}_{\text {ext }} \Delta \mathrm{V}$$[/tex]
Substitute the values to find the work done during this process.
[tex]$$\begin{aligned}\mathrm{W} & =-0.98 \mathrm{~atm}(800 \mathrm{~mL}-150 \mathrm{~mL}) \\& =-0.637 \mathrm{~atm} . \mathrm{L} \\& =-0.637 \times 8.3145 \mathrm{~J} \\& =-5.3 \mathrm{~J}\end{aligned}$$[/tex]
The formula for work completed according to science is W = F * d. In this instance, the force acting on the block is constant, but its impact on the block's displacement and force direction are different. Here, the force F responds to the displacement d at an angle of.
Therefore, the work done is [tex]$-5.3 \mathrm{~J}$[/tex].
Complete question: The gas mixture inside one of the cylinders of an automobile engine expands against a constant external pressure of 0.98 atm, from an initial volume of 150 mL (at the end of the compression stroke) to a final volume of 800 mL. Calculate the work done on the gas mixture during this process, and express it in joules.
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There are several valid ways to represent an organic structure In a structural formula, all atoms and bonds are shown. For example, consider molecule A. Draw molecule A exactly as it appears in the image. Select Draw Rings More Erase Molecule
TRUE, There are several valid ways to represent an organic structure In a structural formula, all atoms and bonds are shown.
Organic chemistry is a branch of chemistry that studies the structure, properties, and reactions of organic compounds and organic materials, which are matter in various forms that contain carbon atoms. Structure research determines their structural formula. The primary distinction between these organic compounds and inorganic compounds is that organic compounds always contain a carbon atom, whereas most inorganic compounds do not. Almost every organic compound contains a carbon-hydrogen or a simple C-H bond.Chemical bonds between atoms in a molecule are identified by structural formulas. A structural formula is made up of atom symbols connected by short lines representing chemical bonds—one, two, or three lines representing single, double, or triple bonds, respectively.
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Order the following in decreasing energy
Highest Energy
1
2
3
4
5
⠀ Microwave
Yellow
Gamma
Blue
Infared
Lowest Energy
Microwaves, infrared, red, ultraviolet, and gamma waves are the waves with the lowest to highest energy levels.
Which wave has the most energy and the least energy?Wavelength affects a wave's energy; the longer the wavelength, the lower the energy. Gamma rays, therefore, have the maximum energy, and long radio waves are the lowest in the electromagnetic spectrum.
Are gamma rays the waves with the maximum energy?GAMMA RAYS' SOURCES, The electromagnetic spectrum includes all waves, but gamma rays are the most energetic and have the smallest wavelengths. The universe's hottest and most energetic objects, including neutron stars and pulsars, supernova explosions, and regions near black holes, all produce them.
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Simple Distillation - Method
Distillation is the separation of multiple liquid components based on their different boiling points.
As the mixture is heated and the first component boils, its vapor form travels through the distillation set-up and condenses into a different container.
A method of separating mixtures based on differences in their volatilities in a boiling liquid mixture is known as simple distillation.
Distillation is the process of turning a liquid into the vapour, which is then condensed back into its liquid state. The simplest illustration of it is when the steam from a kettle condenses into drops of the distilled water that are left on a cold surface. Distillation can be used to separate two or more liquids having different boiling points, such as separation of gasoline, kerosene, and lubricating oil from the crude oil, or to separate liquids from the nonvolatile solids, as in separation of alcoholic beverages from fermented materials.
The majority of distillation techniques are variations of simple distillation used in industry and laboratory research.
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The last three letters of a name can tell a lot about a particle! For each of the name endings below, give a general description of what type of ion or particle would be expected to have that ending (cation, monatomic anion, polyatomic anion, metal element, and/or nonmetal element).Have the instructor check your answers above, and initial here: _____________
The correct name endings are;
ide - monoatomic anion
ium - cation
ate - polyatomic anion
ine - metal and or non- metallic element
ite - poly atomic ion
What is the correct endings?We know that there are a lot of substances that we have to deal with in chemistry. Some of the substances are; cation, monatomic anion, polyatomic anion, metal element, and/or nonmetal element. The way that we identify the kind of substance that we are to expect is from the name of the substances.
We know that the names of chemical particles do have unique endings. The ending of the name of the chemical particle is what can be able to tell us what kind of particle that we are dealing with in the system that is given. Any kind of particle is associated with a particular name ending that can be used to distinguish it.
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For each pair of compounds, pick the one with the higher vapor pressure at a given temperature.
• CH3Cl or CH4 ________________________
• CH3CH2CH2OH or CH3OH ________________________
• CH3OH or H2CO ________________________
The CH4 , CH3OH , H2CO these have high vapor pressure.
What is vapor pressure?
Vapor pressure rises with temperature and measures a substance's propensity to transform into a gaseous or vapor state. The boiling point of a liquid is the temperature at which the vapor pressure present at its surface equals the atmospheric pressure.
What is temperature ?
The average kinetic energy of all the atoms or molecules in a given material, expressed as its temperature. The kinetic energy of a substance's particles varies. A distribution can be used to show how the particles' kinetic energy is distributed at any particular moment.
Higher the magnitude of intermolecular bonding, lower will be the vapor pressure.
(a). Ans :- CH4
CH4 = Low molecular mass, therefore magnitude of vander waal's forces is less and hence have high vapor pressure.
CH3Cl = High molecular mass, therefore magnitude of vander waal's forces is more and hence low vapor pressure.
(b). Ans :- CH3OH
Both CH3OH and CH3CH2CH2OH form intermolecular hydrogen bonding but intermolecular bond in CH3CH2CH2OH are more strong. Hence, CH3OH have high vapor pressure.
(c). Ans :- H2CO
H2CO for dispersion forces while CH3OH form strong intermolecular H-bonding, So, H2CO have high vapor pressure.
Therefore, CH4 , CH3OH , H2CO these have high vapor pressure.
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Why does this equation show that matter is neither created nor destroyed (law of conservation) in a chemical reaction?
Mg(OH)2+2HNO3 > Mg(NO3)2+2H2O
There are the same number of atoms for each element on the reactant and product side of the equation.
There are the same number of molecules on the reactant and product side of the equation.
There are the same number of reactants as products in the equation.
This equation does not show that matter is neither created nor destroyed.
To demonstrate that material is neither created nor destroyed throughout the chemical, the quantity of particles or mass with in donor ends must match the number the bits of weights in the final sides.
What elements make up atoms?Protons, protons, and particles are three incredibly small subatomic particles that make up an atom. The nucleus, which is made up of protons and neutrons, sits in the middle of an atom, and an electron cloud flies around it.
Briefing:According to the rule of conservation of masses, masses can change from one form to another but are neither generated nor destroyed.
It simply indicates that the reactant and product masses in a nuclear reaction will be equal.
A equation must be balances in order to follow the rule of conservation of mass. Therefore,
Mg(OH)₂ + 2HNO₃ → Mg(NO₃)₂ + 2H₂O
Therefore, the quantity of atoms or bodies in the reactor sides must match the quantity of atoms or mass in the product sides in order to show why matter is neither generated nor deleted in the chemical process.
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consider the fictional case of the incredible shrinking man. if he shrinks proportionately to 1/10 his original height, his weight will be multiplied by question 11 options: 0.1 0.001 0.0001 0.01
Man weight will be multiplied by 0.001. S o option (b) is correct.
Density is defined as depending on the units of mass and volume used for the calculation, different units are used. The units for density would be kg/cm3 if the mass was measured in kg and the volume in cm3.
Density = Mass divided by volume.
Given a man shrinks proportionality to 1/10 of the original height
Now as it is the proportional overall area will also be decreased by (1/10)^2 = 1/ 100 times
Therefore overall decrease in volume = 1/10 x 1/100
= 1 / 1000 times(v/1000)
Mass/ volume = Q (density)
Here Q remains constant
Hence M initial = Q x V
M final = QV/1000
Initial weight = QV x g
= QVg
Final Weight = (QV/1000) x g
Final /Initial = QVg/1000QVg
= 1/1000
= 0.001
Therefore his weight will be multiplied by 0.001
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in the lewis formula for difluorodiazine, n2f2, the total number of lone electron pairs around the two nitrogen atoms is
In the Lewis formula for difluorodiazine, N₂F₂, the total number of lone electron pairs around the two nitrogen atoms is 2.
What is Lewis Formula?Electron dot structures or Lewis dot formula can be drawn if the molecular formula of the compound is known. It describes the nature of bond and position of atoms of the molecule that are connected in the molecule.
Lewis structures (also known as Lewis dot structures or electron dot structures) are diagrams which represent the valence electrons of atoms within a molecule. These Lewis symbols and Lewis structures help visualize the valence electrons of atoms and molecules, whether they exist as lone pairs or within bonds.
For N₂F₂, total number of lone electron pairs around the two nitrogen atoms is 2, because molecular formula of Nitrogen molecule is N₂. The nitrogen atoms are bonded with triple bonds. So, each of them have a lone pair of electron. Hence, total number of lone pair is 2.
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Which of the following statements about the reactions in Table 2.2 is FALSE?
A) They are dissociation reactions.
B) They are exchange reactions.
C) They are reversible reactions.
D) They are ionization reactions.
E) They occur when the reactants are dissolved in water.
B
B) They are exchange reactions. It is a chemical reaction that involves synthesis, decomposition, the formation and breaking of chemical bonds, as well as the absorption, storage, and release of chemical energy.
Which two types of reactions are there?In every chemical process, energy is involved. When new bonds form in products, energy is produced. Energy is used to break bonds in reactants. Chemical reactions can be classified as either exothermic or endothermic in terms of energy.
With an example, what is reaction?Their reaction to the news was good. His first response when I told him what had transpired was shock. Most of the attendees at the conference reacted angrily to the announcement. When I initially met him, I didn't immediately believe in him.
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8. What is 263 K in Celsius?
A. 536 °C B. 10 °C
C. -536 °C
Answer:
Negative 10°C
Explanation:
Temperature in Celsius = Temperature in Kelvin - 273.15
Temperature in Celsius = 263 - 273.15
Temperature in Celsius = -10.15
QUESTION 1
*Hint: Write this down on paper first, then try to enter your answers."
Write and balance the chemical reaction for the combustion of propane gas (C3H8). Every slot requires
an answer, think carefully about what should go where!
O
()
+
+
✪
1
The balanced chemical equation for the combustion of propane gas would be [tex]C_3H_8 + 5O_2 -- > 3CO_2 + 4H_2O[/tex]
Balancing chemical equationsPropane gas burns in oxygen to yield carbon dioxide and water according to the following equation:
[tex]C_3H_8 + O_2 -- > CO_2 + H_2O[/tex]
The equation above is not balanced because it does not conform to the law of conservation of atoms. According to this law, an equal number of atoms of different elements must be in the reactants and the products, irrespective of their forms.
Thus, the balanced version of the equation would be the following:
[tex]C_3H_8 + 5O_2 -- > 3CO_2 + 4H_2O[/tex]
Thus, the slots can be filled accordingly to reflect the balanced equation of the reaction.
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Match each file with the correct description of its energy content and the products it forms when burned in oxygen: -H2 burned to form H20 only -CH4 burns to form CO2 and H20 -The energy from H2 combustion is higher -The energy from CH4 combustion is lower
The chemical process known as combustion reaction occurs when a hydrocarbon combines with an oxygen-containing gas to form carbon dioxide and water molecules.
The term "hydrocarbon" refers to substances that include covalent bonds between hydrogen and carbon atoms. Other substances besides carbon and hydrogen may potentially exist.
Because methane is a hydrocarbon, it can undergo combustion to produce carbon dioxide and water. CH4
Because glucose is a hydrocarbon, it can undergo combustion reactions that result in the production of carbon dioxide and water.
Water is the sole result of combustion that CH2 hydrogen can undergo.
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0.350g of Fe3O4 reacts with excess O2 to give Fe2O3 in21.6% yield according to the following balanced equation. 4Fe0(s) + O2(g) →6Fe2O3(s)
According to given statement the theoritical yield of Fe₂O₃ is 0.36g and the actual yield of Fe₂O₃ is 0.078g.
Equation and response are what?In a chemical reaction, bonds between molecules of the reactant are broken and new bonds between molecules of the product are established to create a new substance. A equation is nothing more than a detailed estimate that represents how reactants generate products.
Briefing:4Fe₃O₄ (s) + O₂ (g) → 6Fe₂O₃ (s)
Moles of Fe₃O₄ = 0.350/231.55 g/mol
= 1.51 * 10⁻³
Moles of Fe₂O₃ = 6/4 * 1.51 * 10⁻³
= 2.26 * 10⁻³ mol
Mass of Fe₂O₃ = 2.26 * 10⁻³ * 159.7 g/mol
Theoritical yield = 0.36 g
Actual yield = 21.6/100 * 0.36
= 0.078 g
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The complete question is-
0.350g of Fe₃O₄ reacts with excess O₂ to give Fe₂O₃ in 21.6% yield according to the following balanced equation:
4Fe₃O₄ (s) + O₂ (g) → 6Fe₂O₃ (s)
1). Calculate the theoritical yield of Fe₂O₃
2). Calculate the actual yield of Fe₂O₃
A student performs a redox titration between 15.0 mL of hypochlorous acid, HCl(aq), and chromium(III) nitrate, Cr(NO3)3(aq). The half-reactions are given below.7 H2O(l) + 2 Cr3+(aq) - Cr2072 -(aq) + 14 H+(aq) + 6 e- 2 HClO(aq) + 2 H+(aq) + 2 e--C12(g) + 2 H2O(1) a. Give the overall balanced oxidation-reduction reaction. b. What is the oxidation number of chromium in Cr2072-? c. Give one indication that this is a oxidation-reduction reaction. Explain your reasoning. d. As the reaction proceeds the solution becomes more acidic and the pH of the solution decreases. Explain why. e. The titration uses chromium(III) nitrate yet nitrate does not appear in the half-reaction. Explain the role of nitrate in the reaction. f. The 10.0 mL of hypochlorous acid requires 26.5 mL of 0.120 M chromium(III) nitrate to reach equivalence. i. Determine the initial molarity of hypochlorous acid. ii. Determine the final molarity of Cr2072 - once the reaction has gone to completion. (Assume the volumes are additive.)
From the stoichiometry of the reaction, the final molarity of Cr2O7^2- in the solution is 0.039 M.
1) The balanced reaction equation is;
4Cr^3+(aq) + 14HClO(aq) + 14H^+(aq) -----> 28H^+(aq) + 7Cl2(g) + 2Cr2O7^2-(aq)
2) The oxidation number of chromium in Cr2O7^2- is obtained as follows;
2x + 7(-2) = -2
2x - 14 = -2
2x = -2 + 14
2x = 12
x = 6
3) This is an oxidation - reduction reaction because the oxidation number of Cr increased from + 3 to +6.
4) This is because, the reaction produces hydrogen ions causing the pH to decrease.
5) Nitrate does not appear in the balanced reaction equation hence it is a spectator ion.
6) Number of moles of chromium nitrate = 26.5/1000 L × 0.120 M = 0.00318 moles
Since 4 moles of Cr^3+ reacts with 14 moles of hypochlorous acid
0.00318 moles of Cr^3+ reacts with 0.00318 moles × 14 moles/4 moles =
0.0011 moles
Molarity of hypochlorous acid = 0.0011 moles/0.01 L = 0.11 M
7) If 4 moles of Cr^3+ yields 2 moles of Cr207^2-
0.00318 moles of Cr^3+ yields 0.00318 moles × 2 moles / 4 moles
= 0.00159 moles
Final molarity of Cr207^2- = 0.00159 moles/(15 mL + 26.5 mL) × 10^-3
= 0.039 M.
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Mg + 2HCl --> MgCl2 +H2
identify the limiting reagent when 6.00 g of HCl reacts with 5.00 g of Mg
The number moles of Mg in 5 g is 0.208 and that of HCl in 6 g is 0.16 moles. Thus, HCl is fewer in amount and it is being the limiting reactant.
What is limiting reactant?A limiting reactant in a reaction is the one, which is less than the sufficient amount to react completely. Therefore the reaction will stop as soon as this reactant is consumed. Thus, it is limiting the yield of the product.
In the given balanced reaction between magnesium and HCl, one mole of Mg requires of 2 moles of HCl for complete reaction.
atomic mass of Mg = 24 g/mol
no.of moles in 5 of Mg = 5/24 = 0.20 moles.
Molar mass of HCl = 36.5 g/mol. for 2 moles = 73 g
The no.of moles of HCl in 6 g = 6/36.5 = 0.16.
One mole of Mg needs 2 moles of HCl. Thus, 0.2 moles needs 0.4 moles of HCl. But only 0.16 moles of HCl is taken. Therefore it is lower in amount and acts as the limiting reactant.
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Place the conjugate bases of the following acids in descending order of basic strength.
The descending order of the strength of the conjugate bases of the given acids is as follows:
H₂OHBrOHClOHNO₃What are conjugate bases?Conjugate bases are substances formed when an acid donates its proton.
The strength of the conjugate bases formed from an acid is the inverse of the acid dissociation constant, Ka, of the acid.
The acid dissociation constant, Ka, of the given acid are given below:
The acid dissociation constant, Ka, of hypobromous acid, HBrO, is 2.3 * 10⁻⁹
The acid dissociation constant, Ka, of trioxonitrate (v) acid, HNO₃ is 2.4 * 10¹
The acid dissociation constant, Ka, of water, H₂O, is 1.8 x 10⁻¹⁶
The acid dissociation constant, Ka, of Hypochlorous acid, HClO, is 3.0 x 10⁻⁸
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for each electrolyte, indicate whether it is more abundant in the intracellular fluid (icf) or the extracellular fluid (ecf).
Intracellular fluid (ICF):Potassium, Magnesium & Phosphate ions
Extracellular fluid (ECF): Sodium. Chloride, Calcium & Bicarbonate ion
What is the difference between ECF and ICF?The cytosol found inside a cell is known as intracellular fluid (ICF). ECF, which surrounds the cells and acts as a circulating reservoir, is present. The ECF is separated into intravascular fluid and interstitial fluid, which bathes the exterior of the cells (i.e., plasma, lymph, and cerebral spinal fluid).The extracellular compartment is made up of the interstitial, intravascular, and transcellular compartments. About one-third of its body's water content is found in its extracellular fluid (ECF).The system that comprises all fluid contained in cells by their plasma membranes is known as the intracellular fluid (ICF) compartment. Every cell in the body is surrounded by extracellular fluid (ECF).Water, dissolved electrolytes, and proteins make up the intracellular fluid, which makes up around 40% of a person's total body weight. Phosphate (PO4 P O 4), magnesium (Mg2+ M g 2 +), and potassium (K+) are a few of the major electrolytes present in intracellular fluid.Learn more about ECF and ICF refer to :
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Find the pH of each of the following solutions of mixtures of acids.
8.0×10−2 M in HNO3 and 0.185 M in HC7H5O2,
1.5×10−2 M in HBr and 2.0×10−2 M in HClO4,
9.5×10−2 M in HF and 0.230 M in HC6H5O,
0.100 M in formic acid and 5.5×10−2 M in hypochlorous acid
pl
1. The pH of 8.0×10−2 M in HNO3 and 0.185 M in HC7H5O2 is 2.12.
To calculate the pH of this mixture, first, calculate the total concentration of the acid. This can be done using the following equation:
Total concentration = 8.0 × 10−2 + 0.185 = 0.193 M
Next, calculate the hydrogen ion concentration (H+) using the following equation:
H+ = 10−2.12 = 5.8 × 10−3 M
Finally, calculate the pH using the following equation:
pH = −log[H+] = −log(5.8 × 10−3) = 2.12
2. The pH of 1.5×10−2 M in HBr and 2.0×10−2 M in HClO4 is 1.76.
To calculate the pH of this mixture, first, calculate the total concentration of the acid. This can be done using the following equation:
Total concentration = 1.5 × 10−2 + 2.0 × 10−2 = 3.5 × 10−2 M
Next, calculate the hydrogen ion concentration (H+) using the following equation:
H+ = 10−1.76 = 5.6 × 10−2 M
Finally, calculate the pH using the following equation:
pH = −log[H+] = −log(5.6 × 10−2) = 1.76
3. The pH of 9.5×10−2 M in HF and 0.230 M in HC6H5O is 0.77.
To calculate the pH of this mixture, first calculate the total concentration of the acid. This can be done using the following equation:
Total concentration = 9.5 × 10−2 + 0.230 = 0.329 M
Next, calculate the hydrogen ion concentration (H+) using the following equation:
H+ = 10−0.77 = 2.3 × 10−1 M
Finally, calculate the pH using the following equation:
pH = −log[H+] = −log(2.3 × 10−1) = 0.77
4. The pH of 0.100 M in formic acid and 5.5×10−2 M in hypochlorous acid is 1.25.
To calculate the pH of this mixture, first, calculate the total concentration of the acid. This can be done using the following equation:
Total concentration = 0.100 + 5.5 × 10−2 = 0.105 M
Next, calculate the hydrogen ion concentration (H+) using the following equation:
H+ = 10−1.25 = 8.0 × 10−2 M
Finally, calculate the pH using the following equation:
pH = −log[H+] = −log(8.0 × 10−2) = 1.25
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in a constant-volume process, 213 j of energy is transferred by heat to 1.02 mol of an ideal monatomic gas initially at 293 k.
Constant volume process is a thermodynamic process which is also known as isochoric process. an example when heat is added to a gas in a container with fixes walls.
The temperature and pressure of a gas will rise when it is heated using a constant volume process, often known as an isochoric process. The gas doesn't perform any external labor because its volume doesn't change. The body of the gas stores all the heat that was delivered as internal energy. It should be emphasized that Gay-Lussac statute controls this procedure. Therefore, there is no work done in a constant volume process. The heating or cooling of the contents of a closed, inelastic container is an example of an isochoric process: The thermodynamic process is the addition or removal of heat; the closed system is established by the isolation of the container's contents; and the constant-volume requirement is imposed by the container's impossibility of deforming. Here, the isochoric process ought to be nearly static.
In a constant-volume process, 209 J of energy is transferred by heat to 1.00 mol of an ideal monatomic gas initially at 300 K. Find (a) the work done on the gas,(b) the increase in internal energy of the gas, and(c) its final temperature.
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