The alimentary canal, often known as the digestive system, is the body's mechanism for ingesting food and expelling solid waste. The mouth, pharynx, oesophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and anus are all parts of the gastrointestinal system.
The tongue and mouth's mucous membranes contain several tiny salivary glands. Even while you sleep, these tiny exocrine glands are continuously secreting saliva, either directly into the mouth cavity or inadvertently through channels.
The submandibular ducts allow the submandibular glands, located on the floor of the mouth, to release saliva into the mouth.
The lesser sublingual ducts are used by the sublingual glands, which are located below the tongue, to release saliva into the oral cavity.
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Microtubules are involved in all of the following EXCEPT the formation of the spindle apparatus during cell division the extension of the lamellopodium of a white blood cell during cell locomotion the formation of flagella used by sperm cells to swim transport of vesicles between organelles of the endomembrane system Microtubules are involved in all of the above. Which of the following is NOT true concerning the chloroplasts and mitochondria and therefore is not evidence to support the endosymbiotic theory? Both are surrounded by a double membrane. Both divide by binary fission. Both contain their own circular genome. Both can survive independently from a eukaryotic cell. All of the above are TRUE, and support the endosymbiotic theory. After PIP2 is cleaved, where will you find DAG and IP3? Both remain in the plasma membrane DAG remains in the plasma membrane, IP3 diffuses through the cytoplasm IP3 remains in the plasma membrane, DAG diffuses through the cytoplasm Both diffuse through the cytoplasm What could you add to your in vitro system (above) to stop the MTs from treadmilling? tubulin-GTP dimers tubulin-GDP dimers GDP Could add either A or B Which of the following is NOT true concerning the chloroplasts and mitochondria and therefore is not evidence to support the endosymbiotic theory? Both are surrounded by a double membrane. Both divide by binary fission. Both contain their own circular genome. Both can survive independently from a eukaryotic cell. All of the above are TRUE, and support the endosymbiotic theory.
the lengthening of the a white blood cell's lamellopodium during cell movement.
What kind of movement does WBC engage in?WBCs have the ability to alter shape like an amoeba and can thus move like one.This permits them to squeeze from out blood capillaries into to the tissues.Diapedesis is the name given to this process.
What propulsion system does a white blood cell use?Leukocytes, or adult white blood cells, swim via a recently discovered technique termed molecular paddling, according to studies.The migration of immune cells and tumor cells in diverse fluid-filled bodily niches, for either good or bad, may be explained by this microswimming mechanism.
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Consider a simple scenario: A bird species lives on a tiny island in the Pacific Ocean. Due to a single mutation some individuals start breeding in the fall and not in the spring, like all other birds. As a result, these two populations (spring and fall breeders) evolve into two separate species. This is an example of:
A bird species lives on a tiny island in the Pacific Ocean. Due to a single mutation some individuals start breeding in the fall and not in the spring, like all other birds. As a result, these two populations evolve into two separate species. This is an example of: reproductive barrier.
The mechanism by which two species cannot breed with one another because of the differences between the species is known as the reproductive barrier.
There are two categories of reproductive barrier separation:
Periodic mechanismtemporary seclusionWhen members of various species coexist in a region, exhibit the same reproductive habits, and have compatible gametes, seasonal or temporal isolation occurs.
Seasonal variations prevent the reproduction of the birds mentioned in the inquiry. Due to the fact that one of the bird species mates in the spring and the other breeds in the fall, two bird species living together cannot reproduce. This is a result of speciation.
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Birds use the position of the --- during the day and the position of --- during the night in order to navigate.
Birds migrating by day use the Sun to navigate, adjusting their angle to the Sun as the Sun's position moves from east to west.
Birds are warm-blooded vertebrates that belong to the class Aves (/eviz/). They are distinguishable from other vertebrates by having feathers, toothless beaks, hard-shelled eggs, high metabolic rates, four chambered hearts, and sturdy yet lightweight bones. The largest bird is the 2.8 m (9 ft 2 in) ostrich, while the smallest is the 5.5 cm (2.2 in) bee hummingbird. The majority of the ten thousand or so species that are still alive are passerine, or "perching," birds. Despite the fact that the development of wings differs between species, only the extinct moa and elephant bird species are known to be wingless. Birds' wings, which are essentially modified forelimbs, are what allow them to fly.
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Most of the Earth's organisms live on land. true or false
Answer:
True
Explanation:
FILL IN THE BLANK. The CDC anticipates that an overarching advantage to the new capabilities-based approach to emergency preparedness will result in _______________ and more prepared communities.saferviralfasterslower
The CDC anticipates that an overarching advantage to the new capabilities-based approach to emergency preparedness will result in safer and more prepared communities.
CDC deals with public health professionals that can act quickly and provide essential skills and leadership are needed in today's situations. Being informed and involved at every stage is essential for emergency response and recovery. CDC monitor global health hazards around-the-clock to prevent diseases from crossing borders and keep people safe since diseases can spread more quickly than before.
CDC are aware that severe weather conditions or other events can make people much more susceptible to illness. People could not have access to clean water or medical treatment if the unthinkable occurs. They might encounter disruptions to daily routines or overcrowding in the home, both of which make it easier for outbreaks to spread.
Hence, emergency preparedness saves people from major damage.
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When doing experiments with isolated muscles, researchers stretch the muscle to different lengths before stimulating it. Which of these statements is TRUE about what happens to the muscle when they stretch it? Frest increases O The rise time increases O The latent period is shorter. O It enters tetanus at a lower stimulation frequency
The statements that is TRUE about what happens to the muscle when they stretch it is Frest increases.
When a muscle, one of the four major bodily tissues created in an organism, is stretched to a different length before being stimulated, the frest increases. Frest rises is the right answer, therefore.
Stretching is a type of physical activity when a particular muscle, tendon, or muscle group is purposefully flexed or stretched in order to increase the muscle's perceived suppleness and attain a comfortable level of muscular tone. One experiences improved muscle control, flexibility, and range of motion as a result. Stretching is another therapeutic technique used to treat cramps and enhance daily function by extending range of motion.
Stretching is an action that humans and many other creatures engage in on a natural and instinctual level. Yawning might go along with it. After waking up from sleep, after being inactive for a while, or after leaving confining rooms and surroundings, stretching is frequently a reflex action. Spiders are among the vertebrates, in addition to mammals and birds.
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refer to the metabolic pathway illustrated. if i, ii, iii, and iv are all required for growth, a bacterial strain that does not make enzyme x would be able to grow on medium supplemented with which of the following nutrient(s)?
A bacterial strain that does not produce the enzyme X would be able to grow on medium that has been supplied. Nutrients II, III, and IV are all necessary for growth.
What do a tRNA's two functional ends look like?The tRNA is 3'-UAC-5' on one end and binds to an mRNA codon that is 5'-AUG-3' on the other end through complementary base pairing. The amino acid methionine, which is the one the mRNA codon AUG specifies, is carried by the opposite end of the tRNA.
What is the appropriate information flow during gene expression?As a result, information moves from DNA to RNA to protein during the expression of a gene that codes for proteins. The main tenet of molecular biology is that information flows in one direction.
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Select the strategies that may slow the sixth mass extinction.
-Landscape fragmentation.
-Habitat protection.
-Species reintroductions.
-Increased harvesting.-Habitat protection.
-Species reintroductions.
Habitat protection, Species reintroductions these strategies will slow down the sixth mass extinction.
what is sixth mass extinction ?
Unlike earlier extinction events caused by natural causes, the sixth mass extinction is caused by human action, namely (but not exclusively) unsustainable land, water, and energy consumption, as well as climate change. According to the Living Planet Report, 30% of all biodiversity-sustaining land has been turned to food cultivation. Agriculture is also responsible for 80% of global deforestation and 70% of freshwater consumption on the earth, wreaking havoc on the animals that live there by drastically changing their ecosystems. It seems obvious that one of the most serious human-caused dangers to species extinction and our ecosystems is where and how food is generated. To make matters worse, unsustainable food production and consumption contribute significantly to greenhouse gas emissions that cause rising global temperatures.
Climate change, Pollution, Human over-population, Over-harvesting, Invasion of alien species, Habitat loss and fragmentation are the causes of the causes of the sixth mass extinction.
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3. earlier in the semester we ran a paper chromatography experiment on the pigments commonly found in chloroplast of plants. in this lab you are being exposed to gel electrophoresis. in the space below state the similarities and differences between these two lab experiments.
The usage of a component's electrical properties in electrophoresis as opposed to a component's partition coefficient in chromatography is the distinction between the two processes.
How are gel electrophoresis and paper chromatography similar?Similarities: Both techniques are used to separate people. Both procedures elute the component from the same sample. According to the shape and the size of the molecules present, the components are divided in both techniques.
What is the purpose of gel electrophoresis?A laboratory technique called gel electrophoresis is used to separate combinations of DNA and RNA based on their molecular sizes. In gel electrophoresis, the molecules that need to be separated are forced through a gel that has small pores made by an electrical field.
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femoral nerve (click to select)2. tibial nerve (click to select)3. median nerve (click to select)4. common fibular (peroneal) nerve (click to select)5. axillary nerve (click to select)6. radial nerve (click to select)7. musculocutaneous nerve (click to select)8. ulnar nerve (click to select)9. obturator nerve (click to select)
1. Femoral nerve: lumbosacral plexus L4 to S3
2. Tibial nerve: lumbosacral plexus L4 to L3
3. Median nerve: medial and lateral cord of brachial plexus C5 to T1
4. Common fibular nerve: lumbosacral plexus L4 to S2
5. Axillary nerve: posterior cord of brachial plexus C5 to C6.
6. Radial nerve: Posterior cord of brachial plexus C5 to T1
7. Musculocutaneous nerve: lateral cord of brachial plexus
8. Ulnar nerve: medial cord of brachial plexus C8 to T1
9. Obturator nerve: lumbosacral plexus L2 to L4
The tibial nerve receives nerve fibers from the L5, S1, and S2 spinal roots. After separating from the common peroneal nerve, it passes through the popliteal fossa and runs deep between the two heads of the gastrocnemius muscle. The common fibular nerve, also known as the common peroneal nerve is a major nerve that supplies the lower extremities.
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a student studying bird development recorded the mass of eggs from the time they were laid until the time they hatched in order to relate the mass of the egg to the final mass of the chick.
which line represents the pattern of change in mass over that time?
Teacher's professional use of technology involves preparation for various classroom activities; such as, preparing instructional materials, material, communicating or collaborating with peers, students and their parents, locating digital resources, and creating lesson plans. When technology is used for instructional delivery, the teacher or students can use it. Teachers can present instruction by means of a projector or students may use computer-assisted learning applications such as drill and practice, tutorials, and simulations. technology as a tool, involves student use of basic software applications to extend their abilities to solve problems, create products, or communicate and share their perspectives with each other. References: Inan, F. A., & Lowther, D. L. (2010). Factors affecting technology integration in K-12 classrooms: a path model. Educational Technology Research and Development, 58(2), 137-154. Technology offers a variety of rich opportunities available to teachers and students. According to Inan and Lowther (2010), there are three main purposes to use technology in schools: (a) technology for teachers to prepare instructional activities, plans, materials, and resources; (b) technology for instructional delivery for teachers and students; (c) technology as a learning tool for both teachers and students. Although technology provides a number of advantages for teaching and learning, teachers who try to integrate technology in their classrooms have encountered many obstacles that hinder potential benefits of use of technology.
According to Inan and Lowther (2010), there are three main purposes to use technology in schools.
Classroom technology gives teachers more tools to support their students. In addition to resources such as textbooks and worksheets, this technology provides educators with a range of tools to help students better understand the material. Technology gives students easy access to information accelerates learning and makes it fun to put into practice what they learn.
Technology integration is defined as the use of technology to enhance and support the educational environment. Technology integration in the classroom can also support classroom instruction by creating opportunities for students to complete assignments on the computer rather than with normal pencil and paper.
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which of the following is the proper order of cells for water and minerals to travel from the soil into the xylem? A Soil-epiblema endodermis-cortex-pericycle-xylem
B Soil-epiblema-cortex-endodermis-pericycle-protoxylem-metaxylem
C Soil-epiblema-cortex-endodermis-pericycle-metaxylem-protoxylem
D Soil-cortex-epiblema-pericycle-metaxylem-protoxylem
B) Soil-epiblema-cortex-endodermis-pericycle-protoxylem-metaxylem.
Which sequence should water flow through a plant in?1-Water travels passively through the xylem and then into the roots. 2-The water molecules in the xylem form a column due to the forces of cohesion and adhesion. 3- Water enters the mesophyll cells through the xylem, evaporates on their surfaces, and diffuses out of the plant through the stomata.
What is the water's route out of the soil?Transpiration takes place as water travels from the earth to the stems, roots, and finally the leaves. Enough water is absorbed by the roots to make up for water lost through transpiration. Root hairs, which grow from epidermal cells and increase surface area, facilitate rapid absorption.
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enzymes require specific environments for activity, usually with neutral ph and a particular temperature range. some bacteria are metabolically active in hot springs because (4 points)
Some bacteria can sustain a lower internal temperature, which enables them to be metabolically active in hot springs. (2) Catalysis becomes superfluous at high temperatures. (3) Their enzymes function best at high temperatures (4) Their enzymes have zero temperature sensitivity.
What do bacteria do and how it is made up of?Some bacteria aid in food digestion, the body's production of vital vitamins, and the eradication of disease-causing cells. Bacteria are also used to produce nutrient-dense foods like cheese and yogurt. On the other hand, contagious germs can potentially make you ill.
Its gel-like matrix, that also contains other cell components like ribosomes, chromosomes, or plasmids, is made up of water, enzyme, nutrition, waste products, and gases. The cell membrane encloses the cytoplasmic and all of its constituent parts. Like eukaryotic (true) cells, bacteria do not contain a nucleus that is enclosed in a membrane.
Why do bacteria harm us and where do bacteria come from?Many disease-causing bacteria produce toxins, which are strong chemicals that damage your cells and make you ill. Other bacteria have had the power to obliterate tissues right away. A throat infection is one of the disorders brought on by bacteria.
Its gel-like matrix, that also contains other cell components like ribosomes, chromosomes, or plasmids, is made up of water, enzyme, nutrients, waste products, & gases. The cell membrane encloses the cytoplasmic and all of its constituent parts. Bacteria do not have a membrane-enclosed nucleus like eukaryotic (true) cells do.
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cancer is the abnormal growth of cells caused by uncontrolled cell division. tumor suppressor genes are genes that encode protein products whose normal function is to protect cells from becoming cancerous. when a loss-of-function mutation occurs in a tumor suppressor gene, a cell may progress to a cancerous state. in some cases, a loss-of-function mutation results in a loss of gene expression. in the tumor cell microarray, choose spots among those listed below that may represent mrnas that encode proteins that function as tumor suppressors. choose all that apply.
A TSG gene guards against a cell's progression toward A TSG gene guards against a cell's progression toward cancer. when a mutation in this gene results in a loss or decrease in function
Where does cancer begin?The disorder known as cancer is brought on by unchecked cellular division and tissue invasion. DNA modifications are the root of cancer. Most DNA alterations that result in cancer happen in regions of DNA known as genes. These alterations are also known as genetic modifications.
Which malignancies are the most deadly?With 130,180 fatalities anticipated, lung & bronchus cancer is the leading cause of death. That is almost three times as many deaths from cancer as were caused by the second-leading cause, colorectal cancer, which resulted in 52,580 deaths. The third deadliest malignancy, pancreatic cancer accounts for 49,830 fatalities.. when a mutation in this gene results in a loss or decrease in function
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What real object can represent the nucleolus in a plant cell that can also function or is similar to it?
different geologic settings will produce different types of metamorphism. match the type of metamorphism to its most likely geologic setting.
Metamorphism is the alteration of preexisting rock due to extreme temperature and pressure. Different geologic settings will produce different types of metamorphism, depending on the type of rock, the pressure and temperature conditions, and the rate of change.
Regional metamorphism is the type of metamorphism most often associated with mountain building. It occurs deep within the Earth’s crust as a result of tectonic forces.
Dynamic metamorphism occurs when rocks are subjected to high pressures and temperatures due to sudden movement of the Earth’s crust. This type of metamorphism is often associated with faulting, folding, and shearing. Contact metamorphism is the type of metamorphism that occurs when hot magma comes in contact with cooler rock.
Hydrothermal metamorphism is caused by hot fluids that circulate through the crust. These fluids may be acidic and contain dissolved minerals. Burial metamorphism is the type of metamorphism that occurs when rocks are buried deep within the Earth’s crust.
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In an attempt to control aphids that are destroying his plums, a farmer in Iowa imports a colony of Asian ladybugs that feast on the aphids. The Asian ladybugs are not eaten by the local bird populations. The Asian ladybug population multiplies quickly, displaces the local ladybugs, eliminates the aphids, and begins to eat other local insects. The Asian ladybug
A) is responsible for habitat fragmentation in the plum orchard.
B) is increasing the biodiversity of the orchard.
C) is being overexploited.
D) qualifies as an invasive species.
E) is a threatened species.
The Asian ladybug population multiplies quickly, displaces the local ladybugs, eliminates the aphids, and begins to eat other local insects. The Asian ladybug qualifies as an invasive species.
What is Asian ladybug?
This species has one of the broadest ranges of colour forms in the entire world, making it one of the most variable species. It was artificially brought to North America and Europe to control aphids and scale insects, despite being native to eastern Asia. It is now widespread, well-known, and common in those areas. It has also taken root in Africa and a large portion of South America. Due of its frequent home invasions in October as it prepares for the winter, this species is noticeable in North America, where it may be locally referred to as the Halloween beetle.
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The Asian ladybug population multiplies quickly, displaces the local ladybugs, eliminates the aphids, and begins to eat other local insects. The Asian ladybug qualifies as an invasive species.
What is Asian ladybug?This species has one of the broadest ranges of colour forms in the entire world, making it one of the most variable species. It was artificially brought to North America and Europe to control aphids and scale insects, despite being native to eastern Asia. It is now widespread, well-known, and common in those areas. It has also taken root in Africa and a large portion of South America. Due of its frequent home invasions in October as it prepares for the winter, this species is noticeable in North America, where it may be locally referred to as the Halloween beetle.
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select all the reasons why it is difficult for biologists to determine whether a speciation event is allopatric or sympatric.
It is challenging to identify all the geographic barriers that are significant to various species. The magnitude of a geographic barrier required to split populations varies on the species.
Geographical speciation is another name for allopatric speciation. The shift in allopatric speciation is brought on by the differences in environmental conditions. New species evolve from a single ancestral species through a process known as sympatric speciation. Various distinctions between sympatric and allopatric speciation are discussed here. Evolutionists frequently debate whether sympatric speciation is intrinsically plausible and if populations spatially segregate frequently enough to make allopatric speciation the predominate method of speciation (see below). However, sympatric speciation continues to be interesting for a number of reasons.
complete question:
select the reasons why it is difficult for biologists to determine whether a speciation event is allopatric or sympatric.
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At the beginning of this century, there was a general announcement regarding the sequencing of the human genome and the genomes of many other multicellular eukaryotes. Many people were surprised that the number of protein-coding sequences was much smaller than they had expected. Which of the following types of DNA make up the rest of the human genome? A. DNA that is translated directly without being transcribed B. non-protein-coding DNA that is transcribed into several kinds of small RNAs with biological function C. non-protein-coding DNA that serves as binding sites for reverse transcriptase D. DNA that consists of histone coding sequences
Option B, non-protein-coding DNA that is transcribed into several kinds of small RNAs with biological function.
So the human genome is made of DNA. Non-protein coding DNA will be the best response in this case, as option B. Transfer RNAs (tRNAs) and ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs), which aid in the assembly of the amino acid building blocks that make up proteins, are two examples of specialized RNA molecules derived from Non-protein coding DNA. A short RNA fragment known as a microRNA (miRNA) is another type of specialized RNA molecule that inhibits the production of proteins. An evolutionarily conserved non-protein coding DNA sequence is known as a conserved non-coding sequence (CNS). Due of their capacity to control human genome production, these sequences are interesting.
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When you stick your hand in a bucket of ice, it grows numb after a while. Based on what you know regarding neuronal signaling, explain how the sensation of touch is blocked from signaling to the brain.
Answer:
Now, when we put our hand in an ice bucket and it goes numb, this is partially because our peripheral nerves are producing numbness and it has been generally believed that cold temperatures suppressed the excitability of neurons. Now first we may insert our hand into the ice order and we sense the cold around it
Explanation:
which of the following is not a way that alternative splicing can diversify an organism's gene expression? (you can choose more than one.)
Creating a gene with altered base sequences.
Creating a protein that has undergone a mutation.
Creating a protein that isn't already in the DNA.
What makes it an organism?An object with life is referred to as an organism. The fundamental building blocks of both living beings и semi things are molecules. A living entity, however, can be distinguished from an external unit by its distinguishing traits. For instance, a cell or multiple cells make form an organism.
Do living things exist?An microorganism is a form of life that is capable of reproduction: The ability to replicate oneself is one of an organism's traits, but cells, DNA, organelles, and other biological substances can also do this.
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The complete question is-
Which of the following is NOT a way that alternative splicing can diversify an organism's gene expression? (You can choose more than one.Making larger or smaller versions of the protein.
Making a version of a gene with modified bases.
Making a version of a protein with a mutation in it.
Making a version of a protein that is not present in the genome.
Making hundreds or thousands of protein variations from a single gene. Making a version of the protein with a premature stop codon
Making two verslons of a protein, one of which is functional and the other of which is non.functional
True or False : muscle protein synthesis occurs for up to twenty-four hours after a single bout of heavy resistance exercise.
Correct option TRUE - After a single session of intense resistance training, muscle protein synthesis can last up to twenty-four hours.
Approximately 4-5 hours pass during the brief period of muscle protein synthesis. In order to enhance net muscle protein accretion at rest, it is necessary to consume protein at regular intervals throughout the day. This effect is further amplified by scheduling protein ingestion immediately following exercise. Increase your resistance workout.
The results show that after a session of intense resistance training, MPS rapidly rises, more than doubling at 24 hours, and then rapidly falls, nearly returning to baseline at 36 hours.
According to Schoenfeld, "Protein is naturally anabolic." For up to six hours following a protein-rich meal, protein synthesis—or muscle building—is encouraged.
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which of the following are obstructive lung diseases? select all that apply.pulmonary fibrosisasthmaobstructive sleep apneapneumothoraxchronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Asthma, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and Obstructive sleep apnea are obstructive lung diseases. Affected structures include the trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli, pleurae, pleural cavity, nerves, and breathing muscles.
Animals that breathe air suffer from lung diseases, often known as respiratory diseases, which affect the tissues and organs that complicate gas exchange. From simple, self-limiting conditions like the common cold, influenza, and pharyngitis to serious, potentially fatal conditions including bacterial pneumonia, pulmonary embolism, tuberculosis, acute asthma, lung cancer, and severe acute respiratory syndromes like COVID-19. Respiratory illnesses can be classified according to the organ or tissue affected, the kind and pattern of the accompanying signs and symptoms, or even the underlying reason for the illness.
The complete question is:
Which of the following are obstructive lung diseases? Select all that apply.
a. Pulmonary fibrosis
b. Asthma
c. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
d. Pneumothorax
e. Obstructive sleep apnea
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which of the following is true regarding the electron transport chain? (select all that is/are true) group of answer choices it occurs in the cytoplasm of a cell. it occurs in the mitochondria of a cell protons are actively pumped from the inner membrane space to the matrix via the ets complexes. molecular oxygen (o2) is required for it to operate nadh donates a hydride to complex i, which donates electrons to complex iii then to complex iv with o2 being the final electron acceptor.
Option B. it occurs in the mitochondria of a cell protons are actively pumped from the inner membrane space to the matrix via the complexes is true regarding the electron transport chain.
An electron transport chain is a sequence of protein complexes and different molecules that switch electrons from electron donors to electron acceptors via redox reactions and couples this electron switch with the switch of protons throughout a membrane. An electron transport chain (and so on) is a sequence of protein complexes ; The go with the flow of electrons thru the electron delivery chain is an exergonic manner.
The method of forming ATP from the electron delivery chain is referred to as oxidative phosphorylation. Electrons carried by using NADH + H+ and FADH2 are transferred to oxygen thru a series of electron companies, and ATPs are shaped. three ATPs are shaped from each NADH + H+, and two ATPs are formed for each FADH2 in eukaryotes.
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what is a pluripotent stem cell? cells found in the inner cell mass that of the blastocyst that can differentiate into any of the cell types except placental cells any progenitor cell found in the human embryos stem cells derived from adult tissue, cord blood, bone marrow and that do not differentiate into all the different cell types none of the responses are correct
Cells found in the inner cell mass that of the blastocyst that can differentiate into any of the cell types except placental cells (a) are pluripotent stem cells.
Embryonic stem cells are pluripotent, which means they can develop into all of the body's cell types except from the placenta and umbilical cord.
Because they offer a reusable resource for researching healthy growth and illness, as well as testing medications and other treatments, these cells are highly significant. In vitro fertilisation (IVF)-produced blastocysts that were no longer required for assisted reproduction were the main source of human embryonic stem cells.
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TRUE/FALSE. many of these drugs work by increasing the availability of neurotransmitters, such as norepinephrine or serotonin, which elevate arousal and mood.
The given statement is TRUE. Depression is treated with antidepressant medications, which make more serotonin and norepinephrine available. These medications are frequently just slightly more effective than placebos. SNRIs have been licensed to treat depression, anxiety, and several forms of chronic pain.
Levomilnacipran (Fetzima) and Venlafaxine (Effexor XR) are medications that are also permitted for the treatment of some anxiety disorders and panic disorders. A non-invasive treatment for depression symptoms called transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) stimulates brain nerve cells with magnetic fields. A group of substances known as catecholamines includes the neurotransmitters, epinephrine and norepinephrine, which also act as hormones.
They act as hormones, which have an impact on various physiological systems and activate the central nervous system. Your health may be negatively impacted by either too much or too little of either. Both epinephrine and norepinephrine have many chemical properties. Norepinephrine and epinephrine act on alpha and beta receptors, respectively. However, epinephrine affects beta receptors more than norepinephrine does. arteries are the only organs that contain alpha receptors. The arteries of skeletal muscles, the heart, and the lungs all contain beta receptors. Because of this disparity, epinephrine and norepinephrine have slightly different purposes.
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The process that normally exerts the greatest control over the water balance of an individual is
a. sweating
b. elimination of feces
c. kidney function
d. evaporation through the skin
e. respiratory loss
Answer: c. kidney function
c. Kidney function is the process that normally exerts the greatest control over the water balance of an individual.
Kidney are the basic sites that control the water balance. This is because almost 90% of the water is absorbed back by the nephrons during the filtration process.
If this water is not absorbed by the nephrons present in the kidneys, then the body of a person will not be able to control the water balance. Excess amounts of water will be lost as urine and hence the person will die due to no water being present in the body. Hence, the greatest control of the water balance is caused by the kidney function.
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which of the following human diseases is caused by a virus that requires reverse transcriptase to transcribe its genome inside the host cell?
AIDS is the next human disease caused by a virus that requires reverse transcriptase to transcribe its genome inside the host cell.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) uses reverse transcriptase to make a double-stranded RNA copy of its DNA genome. - Retroviruses like HIV have an RNA genome and can use reverse transcriptase to create a double-stranded DNA copy of the genome and integrate it into the genome of the host cell.
Cells in which the virus utilizes metabolism for growth and replication or cells into which plasmids are introduced in recombinant DNA experiments. In bioprocessing, cells engineered and cultured to express the protein of interest are the host cells of the expression system.
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T/F Consider the length-tension relationship. Then, click and drag each statement into the correct box to identify whether that statement is true or false regarding the length-tension relationship of muscles.
True:
A higher possible number of cross-bridges means higher tension.
For max hamstring contraction, begin with the knee fully extended.
Sarcomeres will achieve virtually no contraction if beginning at half length.
False:
For max tension from biceps, begin with elbow bent at 90 degrees.
For max contraction tension, begin with zero degree of overlapping thick and thin filaments.
The highest tension can be achieved if all possible cross-bridges are formed prior to stimulation.
True - Sarcomeres will achieve virtually no contraction if they begin at half their optimal length.
TRUE
Sarcomeres will achieve virtually no contraction if they begin at half their optimal length
For maximum hamstring contraction, begin with the knee fully extended
FALSE
The highest possible tension can be achieved if all possible crossbridges are formed prior to stimulation (A sarcomere is the basic contractile unit of muscle fiber)
A higher possible number of cross bridges means higher possible tension.
To maximize tension from a biceps brachii contraction, begin with the elbow bent at 90 degrees
To maximize contraction tension, begin with a 0 degree of overlapping thick and thin filaments
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