Answer:
i think b
Explanation:
What are the common types of mutations that occur to convert proto-oncogenes to oncogenes?.
Missense and amplifications are the common types of mutations that occur to convert proto-oncogenes to oncogenes.
Missense mutation is a mutation in a gene's DNA sequence that causes an amino acid (a protein building block) to be swapped out for one that is not normally present at that location in the gene.
Amplification mutation is a rise in the gene's copy number. Additionally, there can be an increase in the RNA and protein produced by that gene. Cancer cells frequently experience gene amplification, and some of these amplified genes may enable cancer cells to proliferate or develop therapeutic resistance.
Hence, missense and amplication transform normal cell into cancer cell.
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Pls help me with this question asap !!!
Give an example of a disease caused by cells that have “gone wrong” or become dysfunctional. Explain how this disease is caused.
Answer:
Disturbances in cell death pathways at the molecular level can be linked to the pathogenesis not only of cancer, but also other diseases of enormous social importance, such as HIV, atherosclerosis, ischemia, reperfusion injury, infection, inflammation, autoimmune, and neurological disorders
Explanation:
which statement is false about the usual causes of hypercalciuria? hypercalciuria is usually attributable to:
False statement regarding the typical causes of hypercalciuria: "Hypercalciuria is typically attributable to hyperthyroidism."
Which of the following pyelonephritis clinical symptoms differs from cystitis symptoms?When systemic symptoms such a fever, chills, or sepsis are absent, cystitis can be distinguished from pyelonephritis. Upper UTI or pyelonephritis is indicated by symptoms such as flank discomfort, tenderness at the costovertebral angle, nausea, and vomiting.
Which drugs are regarded as the main offenders in nephrotoxic acute tubular necrosis ATN?NSAIDs, antibiotics including amphotericin B, aminoglycosides, vancomycin, piperacillin/tazobactam, and radiocontrast agents are nephrotoxic drugs that should be avoided since they might cause acute tubular necrosis.
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you find an animal with a bilateral larval form but what appears to be a radial adult form. which taxa would you presume it to belong to?
The animal would be presumed to belong to Cnidaria if they have a bilateral larval form and radial adult form.
In the Cnidaria larvae, bilateral symmetry is a characteristic feature. In the field of biology, bilateral symmetry can be described as a type of symmetry in which when an organism is cut into half, both the right and the left side appear to be exactly similar.
However, after growth from the larval stage, the Cnidaria adults develop to have radial symmetry. In the field of biology, radial symmetry can be described as a type of symmetry in which the body has a central axis where all the lines or planes of the body of the organism can unite. A radial symmetry has a central axis.
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If a scientist wanted to determine if a forest environment had been polluted, which group of organisms typically would be the best indicator for the presence of pollutants?.
Amphibians would have been the best indicator of pollutants if a scientists wanted to determine if a forest environment had been polluted.
Amphibians are the vertebrates animals belonging to the phylum Chordata. These are ectothermic and four-limbed animals. These organisms need water or moist environment to complete their life cycle. They are good indicators of pollutants because they are highly sensitive to chemical changes in the environment.
Pollutants are the agents that cause disturbing effects in the environment called pollution. The pollution causes harmful effects upon the living organisms. The examples of pollutants are: Ozone, particulate matter, sulfur dioxide, etc.
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8. What do the arrows represent in the food chain?
Answer: where energy is being passed
Explanation:
The sodium-potassium pump requires ATP in order to create a change in the shape of the carrier protein.
True
False
Answer: True
Explanation:
It is true sodium potassium pumps require ATP in order to create a change in the shape of the carrier protein.
using what you have learned regarding genetics and crime, choose the best answer as to why dna analysis sometimes land the wrong people in jail?
The courts may require a suspect to submit a DNA sample if there is a substantial amount of evidence against them.
Explain about the DNA?The information molecule is DNA. It holds the blueprints needed to create proteins, which are other big molecules. Each of your cells contains these instructions, which are dispersed throughout 46 lengthy structures known as chromosomes. Numerous smaller DNA fragments known as genes make up each of these chromosomes.
The molecule found inside cells that carries the genetic code essential to an organism's growth and operation. This information is transmitted from one generation to the next thanks to DNA molecules.
For heredity, protein coding, and supplying guidelines for life and its processes, DNA is crucial in all living organisms. The way a person or animal develops, reproduces, and eventually dies is determined by their DNA. 23 pairs of chromosomes, or a total of 46 chromosomes, are typically present in human cells.
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Experiments with genetically altered mice showed that the mice would consume abnormally high amounts of bitter-tasting compounds in water after their _____.
Sweet taste cells were modified to express bitter taste receptors, suggesting that the sensation of sweetness depends solely on which taste cell is competent.
we investigated the effect of prolonged exposure to a bitter substance on recognition and aversion behavior in mice. Combined measures of rejection thresholds (RjT) and apparent recognition thresholds (aRcT) were performed using short-access two-bottle choice tests before and after taste aversion conditioning, respectively. First, RjT was higher than aRcT for the bitter amino acids L-tryptophan and L-isoleucine, which mice measure daily in their diet, indicating strong acceptance of these familiar stimuli within the concentration range between RjT and aRcT.
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The operation of modern sewage plants helps to decrease
The operation of modern sewage plants helps to decrease: the wastewater as thoroughly as practically possible
What is modern sewage plants?Water is poured into a tank holding a sand and charcoal filter bed at this facility. The filter strains out the remaining suspended particulates and absorbs additional dissolved compounds such as heavy metal ions and phosphates. Chlorine or other compounds are used to destroy bacteria.
By eliminating dangerous compounds from wastewater, sewage treatment facilities significantly lower the risk of disease. However, the treatment procedure is dependent on a consistent, dependable electrical source, which many impoverished nations lack.
Thus, sewage treatment plants are built with the intention of treating wastewater as extensively as is practically practicable.
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neanderthals and denisovans never mated with each other because they lived in such large communities where a lot of genetic admixture likely occurred. true false
How much DNA a person inherited from early humans is disclosed by genetic admixture several direct-to-consumer genetic testing businesses.
Do Denisovans and Neanderthals exhibit signs of interbreeding?Neanderthals and Denisovans interbred with modern humans on multiple occasions in Eurasia. Neanderthal introgression events are thought to have occurred between 47,000 and 65,000 years ago, and Denisovan introgression events are thought to have occurred between 44,000 and 54,000 years ago.
What kind of evolutionary connection exists between Neanderthals and Denisovans and modern humans?It is still being researched how exactly modern humans, Neanderthals, and Denisovans are connected to one another. However, studies have revealed that modern humans and Neanderthal and Denisovan populations coexisted for a time and produced children together (interbred).
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deforestation of japan’s pine woodlands by the timber industry allowed the matsutake mushroom to grow excessively, to the detriment of other species. true or false?
This is false because matsutake grows under trees, usually hiding under garbage on the forest floor, and forms symbiotic relationships with the roots of many different types of trees.
Matsutake, which is famous for being called "matsutake", is a mycorrhizal fungus that has a symbiotic relationship with trees, especially in many of its habitats, preferring pine trees. They are found in ponderosa pine, lodgepole pine, Maritime pine, Douglas fir, Norway fir, hemlock, tanoak, and Pacific madron. For years, China was the one of the world's largest suppliers of the rare to the delicacy Matsutake. This year, however, prolonged drought and heatwaves in the South severely impacted harvests and pushed up prices. If you dig underneath allotropa, you'll find matsutake mycelium, whether it's fresh red-and-white striped or brown and wilted. This mycelium is white or bluish in color and has the same distinctive odor as the mushroom itself.
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you can just say the answer
Photosynthetic rate incrases steadiky as light level increse
What is photosynthesis?Photosynthesis is defined as a process in which solar energy is captured and organic molecules are produced. This process is fundamental for the survival of life on the planet and is the main way in which energy enters the biosphere.
Where does photosynthesis take place?Photosynthesis takes place in chloroplasts. Chlorophyll and carotenoids are arranged in the thylakoids of chloroplasts in units called photosystems. Two steps can be observed in photosynthesis: light reactions and carbon fixation reactions. At the end of photosynthesis, carbohydrates are produced.
How is ATP produced in the cell?The breakdown of glucose occurs to generate ATP. In organisms without mitochondria, such as bacteria, respiration takes place in a structure called a mesosome. This process uses glucose and oxygen and produces ATP, carbon dioxide and water.
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in the human ear, how do different hair cells respond to different frequencies of sound?
The basilar membrane vibrates in specific locations in response to particular frequencies because its stiffness varies.
What are cells referred to as?All living things are constructed mostly from cells. They provide the body structure, absorb nutrients from meals, transform those to energy, and perform certain tasks.
What are cells and why are they important?All living creatures, from bacteria to people, depend on their cells for structure and functionality. They are viewed as the tiniest form of life by scientists. The biological machinery needed to produce the proteins, chemicals, & signals vital to every bodily function is housed within cells.
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The synthesis of cholesterol is a process that involves over 30 different steps. Which step is the rate-determining step of cholesterol synthesis?.
The rate-determining step of cholesterol synthesis is the conversion of HMG-CoA to mevalonate by HMG-CoA reductase.
Cholesterol is the wax-like substance which is produced by the liver in animal body. It is essential for plasma membrane fluidity. Blood cholesterol is also good for health at certain levels. However, excess of blood cholesterol can cause serious diseases as well.
Mevalonate is a key compound for the synthesis of cholesterol and also other sterols. The pathway for this synthesis is called the mevalonate pathway. It occurs in the cytosol of the animals cells. HMG-CoA reductase is a key enzyme for the synthesis of mevalonate.
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A student builds a model of the heart and brain, shown in the diagram. Two trucks, 1 and 2, travel between the organs. The student will label the trucks with what they are carrying. Which set of labels BEST completes the model? Responses A Truck 1 carries red blood cells and Truck 2 carries white blood cells.Truck 1 carries red blood cells and Truck 2 carries white blood cells. B Truck 1 carries carbon dioxide and Truck 2 carries oxygen.Truck 1 carries carbon dioxide and Truck 2 carries oxygen. C Truck 1 carries white blood cells and Truck 2 carries red blood cells.Truck 1 carries white blood cells and Truck 2 carries red blood cells. D Truck 1 carries oxygen and Truck 2 carries carbon dioxide.
According to statement, Truck 2 transports oxygen, while Truck 1 transports carbon dioxide.
What are the uses of oxygen?Respiration, the energy-generating process that fuels all metabolic rates in the majority of living things, is significantly oxygen dependent. All living creatures, including people, are reliant on air to survive.
What are 5 common uses of oxygen?Throughout order of importance, the following are the main uses of oxygen: 1) the melting, refining, and production of steel; 2) the production of chemicals through governed combustion; 3) booster propulsion; 4) the provision of medical as well as biological life support; and 5) the extraction, production, and manufacturing of stone as well as glass products.
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For which traits is the plant heterozygous? Select one or more pairs of alleles as your answer.
E
d
FI
D
flower location
plant height
seed pod shape
When an organism is heterozygous, it has two distinct alleles of the same gene.For instance, pea plants can have either homozygous dominant (red-red) or heterozygous red blooms (red-white).They were homozygous recessive if they have white blooms (white-white).Heterozygous carriers are always present.
What characteristic is heterozygous?When an organism has two identical copies of the same gene, it is said to be homozygous for that trait; when an organism has two different copies of the same gene, it is said to be heterozygous for the that trait.
How can you tell whether a plant is heterozygous?One gene is present in hemizygous plants in just one copy.A single gene is present in two identical copies in homozygous plants.Heterozygous plants have different alleles, or distinct versions of the same gene, rather than two copies of the a single gene.
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in the respiratory system, what type of epithelium is most common in the respiratory zone and why?
From the nasal cavity to the bronchi, the majority of the respiratory tree is lined by pseudostratified columnar ciliated epithelium.
What kind of respiratory epithelium is most prevalent?pseudostratified goblet cells scattered within a columnar epithelium. A connective tissue having lots of elastic fibers, seromucous and mucous glands, and the epithelium and basement membrane are what are underneath the tissue. the most prevalent kind.
What is the respiratory tract epithelium?The majority of the respiratory system is lined by respiratory mucosa, which is a form of ciliated columnar epithelium that acts to lubricate and shield the airways.
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A Picture Says It!
18. Explain what this image represents regarding where your entire DNA code can be found.
Answer:
This picture implies that your DNA is in every nucleus in every cell in your body.
Explanation:
That is why there are lines pointing to every cell nucleus from the picture of DNA. Hope this was helpful! ;D
what is the primary difference between the innate and adaptive immune responses?
The body's initial line of defence against infections is innate immunity. It is broad and non-specific, which means it does not distinguish between pathogen kinds. Adaptive immunity is a form of immunity that develops as a result of disease exposure or vaccination.
What cells participate in innate and adaptive immunity?There are several cell types that each play a unique function in immunity. These comprise macrophages, neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, mast cells, and dendritic cells generated from myeloid progenitors in the innate immune response. Natural killer cells are also part of the innate immune system, but unlike the other cells, they are produced from lymphoid stem cells.
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The pedigree below shows several generations of a family in which cystic fibrosis runs. A healthy phenotype is dominant (C), and cystic fibrosis is recessive (c). Shaded individuals have cystic fibrosis. Symbols with question marks have unknown genotypes and phenotypes. 11. Individual 4 was found to have a genotype of Cc, which means individual 4’s phenotype is
A. healthy male
B. male with cystic fibrosis
C. healthy female
D. female with cystic fibrosis
The answer is B, right?
Answer:
The correct answer should be A
Explanation
Since we know the genotype of individual 4 to be Cc (heterozygous), and C indicates a healthy person. In contrast, c indicates having cystic fibrosis. We can conclude that this person is healthy. C is dominant over c; therefore, this person does not have cystic fibrosis. If this person did have cystic fibrosis, they would need to be homozygous recessive (cc). This does mean, however, that since the person has the recessive allele (c) for cystic fibrosis, they are a carrier of it. That means that if they were to have children with someone who had cystic fibrosis (cc) or was a carrier of the recessive allele (Cc), their children could possibly have cystic fibrosis.
What is the name of the scientist that developed the classification system we use today?.
Answer:
Carl Linnaeus
Explanation:
Carl Linnaeus, born 312 years ago today, was a Swedish biologist and physician who is known for the invention of Latin binomial nomenclature.
Answer:
Carl Linnaeus
Explanation:
Linnaeus was the first scientist to develop a hierarchal naming structure that conveyed information both about what the species was (its name) and also its closest relatives.
Name 2 tructure ,viible with a light microcope, which ditinguih plant cell from animal cell
The cell wall and the vacuoles are the two features that can be seen under a "light microscope."
The cell membrane is present underneath the cellulose-based cell wall in plant cells, but only the cell membrane is present in animal cells. The plant cell is larger than the animal cell because it has more vacuoles than the animal cell does, which makes them different in size. Additionally, the vacuoles occupy a "large volume" of the cell.
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Identify the organisms on which human technology has had an evolutionary impact.
a. houseflies
b. the bald eagle
c. mosquitoes
d. fish
e. bacteria
Bacteria is the organisms on which human technology has had an evolutionary impact.
Bacteria are single-celled organisms that are small in size. Bacteria can be found almost anywhere on the planet and are essential to the planet's ecosystems. Some species can survive in extreme temperatures and pressures. The human body is teeming with bacteria, and it is estimated that bacterial cells outnumber human cells. Bacteria are microorganisms that can take various forms. They can take the form of spheres, rods, or spirals.
There are bad bacteria, which we call pathogenic, and they cause diseases, but there are also good bacteria. The majority of bacteria in the body are harmless, and some are even beneficial. Disease is caused by a small number of species. They are also important because, once again, they will assist the body in maintaining a healthy state.
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inorganic nutrients are typically low where? group of answer choices in the euphotic zone in the aphotic zone in the disphotic zone in the abyssal zone
inorganic nutrients are typically low in euphotic zone
What is euphotic zone?
The ocean's euphotic zone is where enough light reaches the water to support photosynthesis. Light is essential for the survival of many creatures, and they are restricted to this region. The depth at which light from the surface enters the water determines the upper limit of the euphotic zone. a layer near the surface that receives sufficient light for photosynthesis to take place.
According to the question:
The euphotic zone is the highest 80 m (260 feet) or more of the ocean, which is sufficiently light to allow phytoplankton and plants to engage in photosynthesis. The disphotic zone, which stretches from the base of the euphotic zone to about 200 m, is illuminated by sunlight insufficient for photosynthesis.
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which term applies to egg development within the female with nourishment derived from a yolk? group of answer choices ovoviparity oviparity viviparity ovovoparity
In oviparity, fertilized eggs are kept inside the female, but the embryo receives nutrition from the yolk of the egg, and the offspring are fully formed when they hatch.
Which phrase best describes the growth of eggs within a female?Oogenesis is the name for this process of egg development. Once she reaches adolescence and begins to mature, her reproductive cycle will begin. One egg from this supply of eggs in her ovaries will then mature or become activated each month, allowing it to be fertilized by sperm.
What is the name of the egg formation process?Oogenesis is the name given to the process of egg production. The parietal peritoneum folds that divide the pelvic cavity into two halves are where the uterus is suspended.
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NEED HELP ASAP!!!!!!!
Cacti can survive with very little water.
Which statement describes why cacti have this ability?
(choose only one answer)
A. Cacti have a homeostatic system to control water loss.
B. Cacti do not have pores through which they can release excess water.
C. Cacti require a large amount of water.
D. Water is poisonous to cacti.
Statement cacti have a homeostatic system to control water loss describes why cacti have this ability.
What are the features of homeostatic system?Homeostasis is the state of steady internal, physical, and chemical conditions maintained by living systems. This is the condition of optimal functioning for the organism and includes many variables.
Moreover, body temperature control in humans is one of the most familiar examples of homeostasis. Normal body temperature hovers around 37 °C (98.6 °F), but a number of factors can affect this value.
The homeostatic pathway controls energy balance by increasing the motivation to eat following depletion of energy stores.
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a population is . question 38 options: a group of individuals of several interacting species that live in one area a group of individuals of a single species that live and interact in one area the sum of all individuals of a species in all locations a group of individuals of several interacting species that interact in multiple ecosystems a group of cells that have similar function
A population is a group of individuals from the same species who live and interact in the same area.
A population's health and behaviour are determined by how individuals interact with one another and with their surroundings. The community is made up of many such populations that interact with one another.
The ecosystem is made up of the biotic community and the abiotic environment. And a biome develops as a result of similar climatic conditions in a region; these regions are typically large, encompassing many continents. It can be thought of as a collection of various ecosystems. An ecosystem is a geographical area in which plants, animals, and other organisms, as well as weather and landscapes, coexist to form a life bubble.
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passive transport is the movement of molecules across the cell membrane without requiring an input of cellular energy. identify which of these options are examples of passive transport.
A. True
B. False
The modern phrasing of Beadle and Tatum's hypothesis about relationships between genes and their products is "one gene-one ______."
a) RNA
b) protein
c) enzyme
d) polypeptide
The modern version of Beadle and Tatum's hypothesis about gene-product relationships is "one gene-one polypeptide."
What is Beadle and Tatum's hypothesis?According to Beadle and Tatum, each gene directs the formation of one (and only one) enzyme. Beadle and Tatum shared the 1958 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with J. Lederberg.Beadle and Tatum used genetic and biochemical studies of the bread mold Neurospora to confirm Garrod's hypothesis. Beadle and Tatum discovered bread mold mutants that were unable to produce certain amino acids. A mutation had "broken" an enzyme required to build a specific amino acid in each of them.The one gene-one enzyme hypothesis proposes that genes act by producing enzymes, with each gene producing a single enzyme that affects a single step in a metabolic pathway.To learn more about Beadle and Tatum's hypothesis refer to :
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