For surfaces that are perpendicular to one direction, the stress magnitude is greatest, and for surfaces that are parallel to that direction, the stress magnitude is zero.
Stress is the applied force or system of forces that tends to deform a body from the viewpoint of loading. Stress is the internal distribution of forces within a body that balance and respond to the loads given to it from the viewpoint of what is happening inside a material. Stress is a measurement of how a substance reacts to external influences. It is merely a ratio of the material's cross sectional area to the external forces. Stress (S = R/A, where S is the stress) is the ratio of force to area.
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Find the Transfer Function using the Block Diagram.
The transfer function from the given diagram is given as follows:
[tex]\frac{X(s)}{F(s)} = \frac{s + 3}{s + 13 + G(s)}[/tex]
How to find the transfer function of a system?The transfer function of a system is given by the ratio between the output X(s) and the input F(s), as follows:
H(s) = X(s)/F(s)
From the initial subtraction operation, we have that:
F(s) - X(s) = E(s)
In which E(s) is the error of the system.
After the subtraction, the error is measured as follows, considering the perturbation G(s) and the multiplication of the blocks:
E(s) = (10 + G(s))(1/(s + 3))X(s)
Replacing this into the initial function, we have that:
F(s) - X(s) = (10 + G(s))(1/(s + 3))X(s)
Using latex for better visibility of the operations:
[tex]F(s) = X(s) + \frac{10 + G(s)}{s + 3}X(s)[/tex]
Using X(s) as the common term, we have that:
[tex]X(s)\left(1 + \frac{10 + G(s)}{s + 3}\right) = F(s)[/tex]
[tex]X(s)\left(\frac{s + 3 + 10 + G(s)}{s + 3}\right) = F(s)[/tex]
[tex]X(s)\left(\frac{s + 13 + G(s)}{s + 3}\right) = F(s)[/tex]
Hence the transfer function is given as follows:
[tex]\frac{X(s)}{F(s)} = \frac{s + 3}{s + 13 + G(s)}[/tex]
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A contractor estimates maintenance costs for a new piece of equipment to be $275 for the first month with a monthly increase of 0.5%. At i = 0.75% per month, what is the present cost of maintenance for the new equipment across 4 years?
The present cost of maintenance for the new equipment across 4 years is $12,266.01.
What is the formula for calculating a growing annuity?The formula for calculating a growing annuity is as follows:
[tex]\frac{M}{r-g}[/tex] [tex](1- (\frac{1+g}{1+r} )^N).[/tex]where M = the first payment, g = the growth rate, r = the discount rate, and N = the number of payments.
According to the question,
The first payment is = 275
The growth rate is = 0.5%.
The discount rate is = 0.75%.
The number of payments in 4 years = 4*12 = 48.
Now, put all values in the above equation:
[tex]\frac{275}{0.75 - 0.5}[/tex] [tex](1- (\frac{1+0.5}{1+0.75} )^4^8)[/tex] = 12.366.01.
Therefore, the present cost of maintenance for the new equipment across 4 years is $12,266.01.
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find the discrete time signal for sampling frequency 2.5 hz. what are the digital frequencies present? (remember to put all digital frequencies into the principal range) reconstruct the analog signal, assuming a sampling frequency of 2.5 hz which elements of the original signal were aliased, if any? using excel, python or matlab, plot the original signal, the sampled signal, and the reconstructed signal for the time interval t
A series of values that represent distinct points in time make up a discrete-time signal. The corresponding signal values are the signal samples, and the time instants at which the signal is defined are the signal sample times.
Time is a discrete variable. An illustration of a discrete-time signal is the weekly Dow Jones stock market index. We use the symbols t to denote the continuous variable and n to denote the discrete-time variable to distinguish between continuous-time and discrete-time signals. Systems that process discrete-time signals, or sequences of signal values that are typically produced as equidistant samples of continuous-time waveforms along the time axis, are known as discrete-time systems. Discrete-time models are straightforward to comprehend, create, and simulate.
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two technicians are discussing the indirect tire-pressure monitoring system. technician a says that it was used by some vehicle manufacturers. technician b says that it uses the speeds of the rf and lr tires and compares the rotating speeds of the lf and rr tires to detect a low tire. which technician is correct?
Two technicians are discussing the indirect tire-pressure monitoring system. Technician A says that it was used by some vehicle manufacturers. technician b says that it uses the speeds of the rf and lr tires and compares the rotating speeds of the tires to detect a low tire. It is important to note that BOTH technicians are correct.
What is an indirect tire-pressure monitoring system?The systems that do not include air pressure sensors within the tires are known as indirect tire pressure monitoring systems (TPMS). Instead, they recognize a low tire by evaluating relative wheel revolutions via the ABS wheel speed sensors.
The driver must calibrate the system by hitting a reset button on the dashboard or through the electronic controller, and if this is done when any tire is underinflated, the system will not report appropriately.
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IMPACT OF TRANSPORTATION INNOVATION ON SHAPING PATTERNS OF SETTLEMENT TO ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
The impact of transportation innovation on shaping patterns of settlement to economic development is that it is one that encourages relocation as well as leads to both internal and external trade, efficient use of natural resources and others.
How does improving transportation leads to economic development?Market competition is increased by a transportation network. Resource allocation, or the utilization of particular products and services, is a topic economists frequently research. The allocation process is enhanced by a transportation system because it gives suppliers and consumers more opportunities.
Note that Access to additional markets is facilitated by better transportation infrastructure, and since efficient transportation is less expensive, it is also used more frequently.
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Water is flowing into a conical vessel 15 cm deep and having a radius of 3.75 cm across the top. if the rate at which the water rises is 2cm/seconds, how fast is the water flowing into the conical vessel when the water is 4 cm deep?
The water is flowing into the conical vessel at a rate of 6.28 cm³/s
The formula for the volume of the conical vessel can be given as;
V = 1/3π(r²)h
Here h represents height and r represents radius.
As,
15/3.75 = h/r
Cross multiplying;
15r = 3.75h
r = 3.75h/15
So we can get the volume in terms of height as follows;
V = 1/3π(3.75h/15)²(h)
V = 1/3π(14.0625/225)h³
V = 14.0625πh³/675
As we have to find how fast the water is flowing in the conical vessel it can be represented as; dh/dt
Now
dV/dt = dV/dh × dh/dt
dv /dt = d/dt [14.0625πh³/675] = 14.0625π/675 (3h²) dh/dt
Substituting the values;
2 = 14.0625π/675 (3)(4²) dh/dt
2 = 3.14 dh/dt
dh/dt = 6.28 cm³/s
Hence, the water is flowing into the conical vessel at a rate of 6.28 cm³/s
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observation that r2 and /?3 in effect are in parallel (because the ideal op amp forces a virtual ground at the inverting input terminal). use this observation to derive an expression for the gain (v()/vt) by first finding (vx/vz) and (v0/vx). for the latter use the voltage-divider rule applied to /?4 and (/?21| /?3)
Rx is the individual resistor across which the output voltage drop is being measured, and VRx is the voltage divider formula for a circuit with many resistors.
The distribution of the input voltage among the divider's parts produces voltage division. Two resistors linked in series with the input voltage applied across them and the output voltage emerging from the connection between them serve as a straightforward example of a voltage divider. The currents flowing through the resistors R1 and R2 are I1 and I2, respectively, while the voltage across each element is VS. At node P, the KCL equation will be. IS=I1+I2. Replace I1=VSR1 and I2=VSR2 in the equation above.
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assuming complementary inputs are available, the minimum number of transistors needed to realize a two input xor gate is:
Assuming complementary inputs are available, the minimum number of transistors needed to realize a two input xor gate is 4.
If two inputs work well together in the production process, they are said to be complements. Since the inputs are used in fixed proportions, if the price of one input lowers, more of it will be sought after, increasing the demand for the other input.
In this study, a model of anticompetitive exclusive contracts with complimentary inputs is built. A downstream company converts a variety of complementary inputs into finished goods. When complementary input providers hold a dominant position in a specific input market, upstream competition price within that market benefits both the downstream firm and the complementary inputs providers by driving up complementary input prices.
Thus, even when entry that is socially optimal is permitted, the downstream firm is unable to generate higher profits. Therefore, even in the absence of scale economies, downstream competition, and relationship-specific investment, the inefficient incumbent provider can prevent socially efficient entrance by employing exclusive contracts.
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in a horizontal cylinder with diameter 4 cm. if the shear stress on the wall of the cylinder tau subscript 0 equals tau subscript w equals 50 space p a, what is the linear pressure drop g
A horizontal cylindrical segment is a section of a horizontal cylindrical tank that is partially filled with fluid and is defined by a single plane that is parallel to the cylinder's axis of symmetry.
What is the location of the horizontal cylinder?By first calculating the area, A, of a circular section and multiplying it by the length, l, you may determine the filled volume of a horizontal cylinder tank. The area of the circle, which is drawn in grey, is given by
A = (1/2)r2( - sin),
where = 2*arccos(m/r) and is a radian.
V(segment) is therefore equal to (1/2)r2( - sin)l.
Oblique Cylinder: An oblique cylinder is one in which one of the bases is sideways and the axis is not at a right angle to the base.
V=Bh or V=r2h is the formula for a cylinder's volume.
The cylinder measures 8 cm in diameter and 15 cm in height. The equation V=r2h should be changed to 8 for r and 15 for h.
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We can classify information systems in many different ways”. Describe two of the ways in which we can do the classification.?
We can classify information systems in many different ways like Operations support systems and Management Support Systems.
What are information systems?A system is an organized system of parts used to gather, store, and store information as well as to provide information, technology, and online mediums.
Operations support systems - The ultimate user enters data into an organization, which is transformed into digital products. A system like this is known as an operations support system.
Management Support Systems - An structured system of components, known as a system, is employed to collect, store, and provide information, software, and digital websites.
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The source term will affect all algebraic equations.
The statement "the source term will affect all algebraic equations" is definitely true.
What are Algebraic equations?Algebraic equations may be defined as the mathematical declaration through which two or more expressions are set with the intention of being equal to each other. It represents a set of variables that undergo algebraic operations.
According to the context of this question, the source term significantly contributes to the measure of the algebraic variables that are generally taken to the right-hand side and then entered into the corresponding row of the force vector.
Therefore, the statement "the source term will affect all algebraic equations" is definitely true.
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a single lug is designed having a radius of 0.375 inches, a width of 0.900 inches, a lug bore diameter of 0.375 inches, and a lug thickness of 0.250 inches. the lug is fabricated from a material with an ultimate strength of 35000 psi in the r-d direction, and ultimate strength of 29000 psi in the w-d direction (use curve
The connector-like components known as lugs are frequently utilized as structural supports for pin connections. Since weight and dimension constraints were largely unfettered in the past, the lug strength was overdesigned.
However, the tightening of these criteria has forced the use of conservative design techniques. This section outlines the static strength analysis processes for lugs and bushings that are evenly loaded, double shear joints, single shear joints, and joints that are subject to axial, transverse, or oblique loading. A portion that applies to lugs constructed from materials with ultimate elongations of at least 5% in any direction in the plane of the lug is also included in the list. Also provided are modifications for lugs with less than 5% elongation. A brief section on the strains caused by press fit bushings is also included.
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which of the following is not a factor that controls stream behavior? a. the average velocity of the water. b. the average width and depth of the channel. c. the sediment load. d. none of the above. they are all factors. e. the channel gradient.
The factors that do not control stream behavior are none of the above. They are all factors. The correct option is d.
What is behavior?Humans go through various stages of development during their lives, similar to other animal species, and each stage is distinguished by a unique combination of morphological, physiological, and behavioral characteristics.
This phrase provides important information about how to behave when developing work skills. Additionally, the individual's lifestyle, socioeconomic class, and other cultural and environmental factors influence their possible conduct.
Therefore, the correct option is d. none of the above. They are all factors.
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_______________ occurs when the effect of one drug is enhanced by the presence of another drug.
Synergism occurs when the effect of one drug is enhanced by the presence of another drug.
Explanation:Synergism occurs when the effect of one drug is enhanced by the presence of another drug. It occurs due to the interaction between two or more substances which produces a combined effect.
4. A 1.5 kg turtle crawls in a straight line at a speed of 0.51 m/sec. What is the turtle's
momentum???
Answer: 0.765 m kg / s
Explanation:
Momentum = (mass) x (speed)
for the following stress-strain curve, determine the following: a. the modulus of elasticity b. the stress where the linear stress-strain relationship ends, called the proportional limit c. the yield strength, taken at .002 strain offset the proportional limit d. the ultimate tensile strength e. the modulus of resistance
Answer:https://www.usna.edu/NAOE/_files/documents/Courses/EN380/Course_Notes/Ch10_Deformation.pdf
Explanation: This may help you
for a steel alloy it has been determined that a carburizing heat treatment of 1-h duration will raise the carbon concentration to 0.38 wt% at a point 3.0 mm from the surface. estimate the time (in h) necessary to achieve the same concentration at a 6.1 mm position for an identical steel and at the same carburizing temperature. enter your answer in accordance to the question statement h
The time (in h) necessary to achieve the same concentration at a 6.1 mm position for an identical steel is 4 h.
As the carburizing heat treatment of 1-hour duration increases the carbon concentration to 0.38 wt% at a point 3.0 mm from the surface, the time necessary to achieve that same concentration for identical steel can be calculated as follows;
It is known that;
[tex]\frac{x_{1}^{2} }{Dt} = constant[/tex]
where x represents distance and t is time. As the carburizing temperature is constant, therefore D will also be constant;
[tex]\frac{x_{1}^{2} }{t} = constant[/tex]
Therefore;
[tex]\frac{x_{1}^{2} }{t_{1} } = \frac{x_{2}^{2} }{t_{2} }[/tex]
Now by substituting the given values, we can find the time required to achieve the same concentration as follows;
(3)² / 1 = (6.1)² / [tex]t_{2}[/tex]
9 = 37.21 / [tex]t_{2}[/tex]
9([tex]t_{2}[/tex]) = 37.21
[tex]t_{2}[/tex] = 37.21 / 9
[tex]t_{2}[/tex] = 4.13 hours ≈ 4 hours.
Therefore, the time necessary to achieve the same concentration at a 6.1 mm position for an identical steel is 4 hours.
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C++ question, programming fundamentals I
Hdjajdjsjejfjdjdjdjjdjdjd
negative impact of cellular base station on physical environment
The negative impact of cellular base station on physical environment is that the environment may be prone to noise pollution and radiation which can lead to harmful substance been release to the environment and such leading to health issues such as cancer, lungs damages, etc.
What does the cellular system's base station do?A base station is a stationary transceiver used in telecommunications that serves as the primary hub for one or more wireless mobile client devices. A base station acts as the primary point of connectivity for wireless devices.
Note that a base station is a device that uses radio frequencies to transfer a wireless signal to a smaller handheld device (such as via a telephone line or the Internet). Cordless telephones have a base station and a handset that communicate via radio waves.
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technician a says that vehicles with independent rear suspensions provide better handling than those with solid rear axles. technician b says that vehicles with independent rear suspensions generally have less unsprung weight. which technician is correct?
According to Tech B, non-drive axles are the only ones that use a semi-independent rear suspension. Technician B is accurate.
The geometrical positioning of steering linkages that enables the interior wheels of a turn to move in a different circle radius than the outside wheels. Cost and load-bearing are the two main downsides of a coil spring suspension. If the car already has coil springs, cost is less of a concern; however, retrofits can be very costly and time intensive. Due to lower unsprung weight and the capacity of each tire to address the road independently of the other wheel on the vehicle, independent suspension often provides better ride quality and handling qualities.
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Why are Airplanes fast enough to travel thru the air
Answer:
Airplanes have a small little jet on the back allowing them to get in the air but they have these big engines on the side allowing them to maintain their spot in the air
Explanation:
Are Low-voltage systems are totally safe
problem 3 (25 points). in the design of a civil jet transport, such as the boeing 777links to an external site., the choice of engine size is usually based on having a 300 feet per minute rate-of-climb capability at the top of climb to cruising altitude. this is a safety margin. assume the following cruise conditions at top of climb for the boeing 777: l/d
The calculated thrust that we are required to find in this question are solved as:
150.45The static thrust at the sea level = 2446521.9 / 18 = 135.917 NHow to solve for the thrust
Rate = excess power / weight
= dn / dt
= V∞sin θ
V∞sin θ = Tn - Tr / w * V∞
sin θ = Tn - D / w
Tr = D
sin θ = T / w - D / w
T / w = sin θ + D / w
We would have the formula here as
ma x √vRTw
= 0.85 x √1.4 x 287 x 226.73
= 256.5 m/s
Next we have to solve for the angle of climb
∅ = sin⁻¹ (1.524 / 256.5)
= 5.94 x 10⁻³
T = w (θ + 1/10)
= 2446521.9 * 5.94 x 10⁻³ * 1/18
= 150.45
The static thrust at the sea level = 2446521.9 / 18
= 135.917 N
Therefore the required thrust at the cruising altitude is equal to 150.45
while the corresponding thrust at the sea level is equal to 135.917 N
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what is magnetization
Answer:described by direction and is either Axial or Diametric
Explanation:
Answer:
Magnetization is the density of magnetic dipole moments that are induced in a magnetic material when it is placed near a magnet.
On a negatively grounded system, the
Jump Pack negative clamp should be
attached to the when engine starting.
Answer:
Explanation:
The positive (red) cable should be attached to the positive terminals on each battery. The negative (black) cable should have one end attached to the negative terminal of the dead battery, and one end grounded.
Start by connecting the positive (often red) clamps of the jumper cables to the positive terminals of your battery. These are often marked, but they can be hard to see. Be sure to look closely to ensure that you are connecting to the right portion of the battery.
suppose the input signal is 7.3 v. if using the successive approximation method to encode the signal for a 6-bit register for an adc with a full-scale range of 10 v, the value in decimal number will be (precision is 3 digits after the decimal point):
One of the well-known traditional approaches for solving integral equations is the successive approximations method (SAM).
In the literature, it is sometimes referred to as the Picard iteration approach. In fact, this approach offers a strategy for resolving initial value issues or integral equations. With each incremental approximation toward the objective behavior of pressing the lever, Skinner would praise the rat for taking a step toward it, standing on its hind legs, and touching it. Using a binary search over all feasible quantization levels before settling on a digital output for each conversion, a successive-approximation ADC transforms a continuous analog signal into a discrete digital representation.
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What might be the effects if one of the AC unit fans stopped working? Explain in terms of energy and pressure and temperature.
If the AC unit fan is not spinning, the first thing to check is the circuit breaker. Take a look at the circuit breaker associated with the AC unit and see if it's been tripped. A circuit breaker may trip from overheating due to outside temperatures and the motor's heat.
g what gauge pressure in pa is required at the water source that is required to supply this flow at the sprinkler?
A 1 meter tall vertical column of water exerts 9.8 kpa of static pressure. At the hose's nozzle outlet, you would need to apply 127kpa, or 13 times 9.8kpa, in order to move water 13 meters up a vertical axis.
A 1 meter tall vertical column of water exerts a static pressure of 9.8 kpa. You would need to put 127kpa - or 13 times 9.8kpa - at the hose's nozzle exit to move water 13 meters up a vertical axis.
The final sentence is crucial since it clarifies that this pressure is not what the pump or the mains require.
The length of the hose, friction inside the hose, any valves, or restriction nozzles all greatly limit the pressure between the supply/pump and the nozzle, which in turn affects the pressure required at the mains or the pump.
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negative impact of cellular base stations on public health
Cellular base stations have a negative effect on the physical environment because they can cause environmental pollution as well as radiation, which can discharge dangerous substances into the air and cause health problems including cancer and breathing issues.
What does the base station of the cellular network do?A base station is a telecommunications term for a fixed transceiver that acts as the central node for one or more wireless mobile client devices. The main point of connectivity for wireless devices is a base station.
Keep in mind that a base station is a device that transmits a wireless signal to a more compact handheld device using radio frequencies such as via a telephone line or the use of the Internet.
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How did inventors like lee deforest and edwin howard armstrong fund their initial research and development ventures into radio technologies?.
The creation of a "supersonic heterodyne" radio receiver circuit, later abbreviated to "superheterodyne," was Armstrong's greatest achievement during this time. This circuit, which is still widely used today, increased the sensitivity and selectivity of radio receivers.
When was the radio invented by Edwin Armstrong?
1933
The superheterodyne circuit, which he developed in 1918, is a very selective method of capturing, converting, and significantly amplification relatively weak, high frequency electromagnetic waves. His greatest accomplishment, wide-band frequency modulation, or FM radio, was created in 1933.
Following this achievement, the Patent Office approved de Forest's two patents for the ultra-audion and the regenerative circuit. He subsequently filed a lawsuit against Armstrong for violating his ultra-audion patents. The Pennsylvanian court ruled in de Forest's favor.
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