A Si pin photodiode has an active light-receiving area of diameter 0.4 mm. When radiation of wavelength 700 nm (red light and intensity 0.1 mW cm^-2 is incident it generates a photocurrent of 56.6 nA. What is the responsivity (A W^-1) and quantum efficiency (QE) of the photodiode at 700 nm?

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

Explanation:

here is your answer:

A Si Pin Photodiode Has An Active Light-receiving Area Of Diameter 0.4 Mm. When Radiation Of Wavelength
A Si Pin Photodiode Has An Active Light-receiving Area Of Diameter 0.4 Mm. When Radiation Of Wavelength
Answer 2

The responsivity will be 0.45 A / W. Then the quantum efficiency will be 80%.

How to calculate responsivity and quantum efficiency?

A Si pin photodiode has an active light-receiving area of a diameter of 0.4 mm.

When radiation of wavelength 700 nm (red light and intensity 0.1 mW cm^-2 is incident it generates a photocurrent of 56.6 nA.

Diameter (d) = 0.4 mm = 0.04 cm

Then the area will be

Area (A) = π / 4 x d²

Area (A) = π / 4 x 0.04²

Area (A) = 1.26 x 10⁻³ square cm

Then the incident power will be

P₀ = intensity of light x area

P₀ = 1.26 x 10⁻³ x 0.1 x 10⁻³

P₀ = 0.126 x 10⁻⁶ μW

Then the responsivity will be

R = photocurrent / power

R = 56.6 x 10⁻⁹ / 0.126 x 10⁻⁶

R = 0.4492

R ≅ 0.45 A / W

Then the quantum efficiency will be

η = Rhc / qλ

h = plank constant

c = speed of light

q = charge of an electron

Then we have

η = 0.45 x 6.62 x 10⁻³⁴ x 3 x 10⁸ / 1.6 x 10⁻¹⁹ x 700 x 10⁻⁹

η = 0.7979

η = 0.8

η = 80%

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Related Questions

The National Weather Service has issued an alert for a severe storm that will bring 100 mm of rainfall in one hour. A farmer in the area is trying to decide whether to sand bag the creek that drains the 40 acres of row crops. The soil for the drainage area is a sandy clay loam and has a porosity of 0.398, effective porosity of 0.330, suction pressure of 52.3 cm, a hydraulic conductivity of 0.25 cm/hr and an effective saturation of 90%. Assuming that ponding occurs instantaneously, estimate the total depth of direct runoff in mm from the event using the Green-Ampt infiltration model.

a. 80
b. 89
c. 76
d. 72

Answers

I believe it’s 72 or 76

Analyze the boundary work done during the process having a rigid tank contains air at 500 kPa and 150°C. As a result of heat transfer to the surroundings, the temperature and pressure inside the tank drop to 65°C and 400 kPa, respectively.

Answers

Complete Question

Analyze the boundary work done during the process having a rigid tank contains air at 500 kPa and 150°C. As a result of heat transfer to the surroundings, the temperature and pressure inside the tank drop to 65°C and 400 kPa, respectively.

Determine the boundary work done during this process and heat Lose

Answer:

a)  [tex]W=0[/tex]

b)  [tex]dQ=-61.03KJ/kg[/tex]

Explanation:

From the question we are told that:

Pressure of air [tex]P_1=500kpa[/tex]

Temperature of Air [tex]T_2=150°C[/tex]

Pressure drop [tex]P_2=400kpa[/tex]

Temperature of drop [tex]T_2=65 \textdegree C[/tex]

Generally the Constant Volume Process  is mathematically given by

 [tex]V_1=V_2=V[/tex]

Therefore

a)

Generally the equation for  boundary work w is mathematically given by

 [tex]W=pdv[/tex]

 [tex]W=P(V_2-V_1)[/tex]

 [tex]W=P(V_V)[/tex]

 [tex]W=0KJ[/tex]

b)

Generally the equation for Heat Change is mathematically given by

 [tex]dQ=dU+dW[/tex]

 [tex]dQ=dU[/tex]

 [tex]dQ=C_v(T_2-T_1)[/tex]

Where

   C_v=Specific Heat capacity of Air

  [tex]C_v=0.718 kJ/kg K[/tex]

 [tex]dQ=0.718(338-423)[/tex]

 [tex]dQ=-61.03KJ/kg[/tex]

Air is compressed by a 40-kW compressor from P1 to P2. The air temperature is maintained constant at 25°C during this process as a result of heat transfer to the surrounding medium at 20°C. Determine the rate of entropy change of the air. State the assumptions made in solving this problem

Answers

Answer:

the rate of entropy change of the air is -0.1342 kW/K

the assumptions made in solving this problem

- Air is an ideal gas.

- the process is isothermal ( internally reversible process ). the change in internal energy is 0.

- It is a steady flow process

- Potential and Kinetic energy changes are negligible.

Explanation:

Given the data in the question;

From the first law of thermodynamics;

dQ = dU + dW ------ let this be equation 1

where dQ is the heat transfer, dU is internal energy and dW is the work done.

from the question, the process is isothermal ( internally reversible process )

Thus, the change in internal energy is 0

dU = 0

given that; Air is compressed by a 40-kW compressor from P1 to P2

since it is compressed, dW = -40 kW

we substitute into equation 1

dQ = 0 + ( -40 kW )

dQ = -40 kW

Now, change in entropy of air is;

ΔS[tex]_{air[/tex] = dQ / T

given that T = 25 °C = ( 25 + 273.15 ) K = 298.15 K

so we substitute

ΔS[tex]_{air[/tex] =  -40 kW / 298.15 K

ΔS[tex]_{air[/tex] =  -0.13416 ≈ -0.1342 kW/K

Therefore, the rate of entropy change of the air is -0.1342 kW/K

the assumptions made in solving this problem

- Air is an ideal gas.

- the process is isothermal ( internally reversible process ). the change in internal energy is 0.

- It is a steady flow process

- Potential and Kinetic energy changes are negligible.

Provide two programming examples in which multithreading provides better performance than a single-threaded solution. Provide one example where singlethreaded solution performs better than multi-threaded solution

Answers

Answer:

I dont kno

Explanation:

Im so sorry

A small ship capable of making a speed of 6 knots through still water maintains a heading due east while being set to the south by an ocean current. The actual course of the boat is from A to B, a dis- tance of 10 nautical miles that requires exactly 2 hours. Determine the speed vC of the current and its direction measured clockwise from the north.

Answers

This question is incomplete, the missing diagram is uploaded along this answer below;

Answer:

the speed Vc of the current and its direction measured clockwise from the north is 0.71 m/s and 231.02° respectively

Explanation:

Given the data in the question and as illustrated in the diagram below;

The absolute velocity of the ship Vs is 6 Knots due east

so we convert to meter per seconds

Vs = 6 Knots × [tex]\frac{0.51444 m/s}{1 Knots}[/tex] = 3.0866 m/s

Next we determine the relative velocity of the ship Vs/c

Vs/c = AB / t

given that distance between A to B = 10 nautical miles which requires 2 hours

so we substitute

Vs/c = 10 nautical miles / 2 hrs

Vs/c = [10 nautical miles × [tex]\frac{1852 m}{1 nautical-miles}[/tex] ] / [ 2 hrs × [tex]\frac{3600s}{1hr}[/tex] ]

Vs/c = 18520 / 7200

Vs/c = 2.572 m/s

Now, from the second diagram below, { showing the relative velocity polygon }

Now, using COSINE RULE, we calculate the velocity current.

Vc = √( V²s + V²s/c - 2VsSs/ccos10 )

we substitute

Vc = √( (3.0866)² + (2.572)² - (2 × 3.0866 × 2.572 × cos10 ) )

Vc = √( (3.0866)² + (2.572)² - (2 × 3.0866 × 2.572 × 0.9848 ) )

Vc = √( 9.527099 + 6.615184 - 15.6361 )

Vc = √0.506183

Vc = 0.71 m/s

Next, we use the SINE RULE to calculate the direction;

Vc/sin10 = Vs/c / sinθ

we substitute

0.71 / sin10 = 2.572 / sinθ

0.71 / 0.173648 = 2.572 / sinθ

4.0887 = 2.572 / sinθ

sinθ  = 2.572 / 4.0887

sinθ = 0.62905

θ = sin⁻¹( 0.62905 )

θ = 38.98°

So, angle measured clock-wise will be;

θ = 270° - 38.98°

θ = 231.02°

Therefore, the speed Vc of the current and its direction measured clockwise from the north is 0.71 m/s and 231.02° respectively

1.8 A water flow of 4.5 slug/s at 60 F enters the condenser of steam turbine and leaves at 140 F. Determine the heat transfer rate (Btu/hr)

Answers

Answer:

[tex]Hr=4.2*10^7\ btu/hr[/tex]

Explanation:

From the question we are told that:

Water flow Rate [tex]R=4.5slug/s=144.78ib/sec[/tex]

Initial Temperature [tex]T_1=60 \textdegree F[/tex]

Final Temperature  [tex]T_2=140 \textdegree F[/tex]

Let

Specific heat of water [tex]\gamma= 1[/tex]

And

 [tex]\triangle T= 140-60[/tex]

 [tex]\triangle T= 80\ Deg.F[/tex]

Generally the equation for Heat transfer rate of water  [tex]H_r[/tex] is mathematically given by

Heat transfer rate to water= mass flow rate* specific heat* change in temperature

 [tex]H_r=R* \gamma*\triangle T[/tex]

 [tex]H_r=144.78*80*1[/tex]

 [tex]H_r=11582.4\ btu/sec[/tex]

Therefore

 [tex]H_r=11582.4\ btu/sec*3600[/tex]

 [tex]Hr=4.2*10^7\ btu/hr[/tex]

Find the velocity and rate of flow of water through a rectangular channel of 6m wide and 3m deep when it's running full. The channel is having a bed slope of 1 in 2000. Take Chezy's coefficient, C=55

Answers

Answer:

V = 1.5062 m/s

Explanation:

look to the photos

A frost free, 17 cu. ft. refrigerator-freezer uses energy at a rate of 500. watts when you hear the compressor running. If the fridge runs for 200. hours per month, how many kilowatt-hours of energy does the refrigerator use each month

Answers

Answer:

100 kWh

Explanation:

Since the freezer has a rating of 500 watts and runs for 200 hours in a month, the energy consumption can be gotten by getting the product of the rating of the freezer in kilowatts and the amount of time the fridge is on per month.

The rating of the freezer = 500 watts = 0.5 kW, time = 200 h

Energy consumption = rating * time = 0.5 kW * 200 h

Energy consumption = 100 kWh

Therefore the refrigerator uses 100 kWh per month

Problem 1. Network-Flow Programming (25pt) A given merchandise must be transported at a minimum total cost between two origins (supply) and two destinations (demand). Destination 1 and 2 demand 500 and 700 units of merchandise, respectively. At the origins, the available amounts of merchandise are 600 and 800 units. USPS charges $5 per unit from origin 1 to demand 1, and $7 per unit from origin 1 to demand 2. From origin 2 to demand 1 and 2, USPS charges the same unit cost, $10 per unit, however, after 200 units, the unit cost of transportation increases by 50% (only from origin 2 to demand 1 and 2).
a) Formulate this as a network-flow problem in terms of objective function and constraint(s) and solve using Excel Solver.
b) How many units of merchandise should be shipped on each route and what is total cost?

Answers

Solution :

Cost

Destination           Destination         Destination                     Maximum supply

Origin 1                       5                          7                                           600

Origin 2                     10                         10                                          800

                         15, for > 200            15, for > 200

         Demand          500                       700

Variables

Destination       1          2

Origin 1             [tex]$X_1$[/tex]        [tex]$$X_2[/tex]

Origin 2            [tex]$X_3$[/tex]        [tex]$$X_4[/tex]

Constraints   :   [tex]$X_1$[/tex], [tex]$$X_2[/tex], [tex]$X_3$[/tex], [tex]$$X_4[/tex]  ≥ 0

Supply : [tex]$X_1$[/tex] + [tex]$$X_2[/tex]  ≤ 600

              [tex]$X_3$[/tex] + [tex]$$X_4[/tex] ≤ 800

Demand : [tex]$X_1$[/tex] + [tex]$$X_3[/tex]  ≥ 500

              [tex]$X_2$[/tex] + [tex]$$X_4[/tex] ≥ 700

Objective function :

Min z = [tex]$5X_1+7X_2+10X_3+10X_4, \ (if \ X_3, X_4 \leq 200)$[/tex]

[tex]$=5X_1+7X_2+(10\times 200)+(X_3-200)15+(10 \times 200)+(X_4-200 )\times 15 , \ \ (\text{else})$[/tex]

Costs :

                  Destination 1       Destination  2

Origin 1         5                             7

Origin 2        10                           10

                     15                            15

Variables :

[tex]$X_1$[/tex]        [tex]$$X_2[/tex]

300    300  

200   400

[tex]$X_3$[/tex]      [tex]$$X_4[/tex]

Objective function : Min z = 10600

Constraints:

Supply    600 ≤ 600

                600 ≤ 800

Demand   500 ≥ 500

                 700 ≥ 500

Therefore, the total cost is 10,600.

Discuss typical advantages and disadvantages of an irrigation system?

Answers

Advantages include low costs and minimal labor.Water stays in the root zone, and foliage stays dry. Drawbacks to surface irrigation include potential overwatering and wasteful runoff.

1. (15) A truck scale is made of a platform and four compression force sensors, one at each corner of the platform. The sensor itself is a short steel cylinder, 22 mm in diameter. A single stain gauge is pre-stressed to 3% strain and bonded on the outer surface of the cylinder. The strain gauges have a nominal resistance (before pre-stressing) of 340 Ohms and a gauge factor of 6.9. The steel used for the cylinders has a modulus of elasticity of 30 GPa. Calculate: a. The maximum truck weight that the scale can measure. b. The change in resistance of the sensors for maximum weight. c. The sensitivity of the scale assuming the response of the strain gauges is linear.

Answers

Answer:

a). 139498.24 kg

b). 281.85 ohm

c). 10.2 ohm

Explanation:

Given :

Diameter, d = 22 m

Linear strain, [tex]$\epsilon$[/tex] = 3%

                        = 0.03

Young's modulus, E = 30 GPa

Gauge factor, k = 6.9

Gauge resistance, R = 340 Ω

a). Maximum truck weight

σ = Eε

σ = [tex]$0.03 \times 30 \times 10^9$[/tex]

[tex]$\frac{P}{A} =0.03 \times 30 \times 10^9$[/tex]

[tex]$P = 0.03 \times 30 \times 10^9\times \frac{\pi}{4}\times (0.022)^2$[/tex]

 = 342119.44 N

For the four sensors,

Maximum weight = 4 x P

                            =  4 x 342119.44

                            = 1368477.76 N

Therefore, weight in kg is [tex]$m=\frac{W}{g}=\frac{1368477.76}{9.81}$[/tex]

                     m = 139498.24 kg

b). Change in resistance

[tex]k=\frac{\Delta R/R}{\Delta L/L}[/tex]

[tex]$\Delta R = k. \epsilon R$[/tex]    , since [tex]$\epsilon= \Delta L/ L$[/tex]

[tex]$\Delta R = 6.9 \times 0.03 \times 340$[/tex]

[tex]$\Delta R = 70.38 $[/tex] Ω

For 4 resistance of the sensors,

[tex]$\Delta R = 70.38 \times 4 = 281.52$[/tex] Ω

c). [tex]$k=\frac{\Delta R/R}{\epsilon}$[/tex]

If linear strain,

[tex]$\frac{\Delta R}{R} \approx \frac{\Delta L}{L}$[/tex]  , where k = 1

[tex]$\Delta R = \frac{\Delta L}{L} \times R$[/tex]

[tex]$\Delta R = 0.03 \times 340$[/tex]

[tex]$\Delta R = 10.2 $[/tex] Ω

g Consider the following observations on shear strength (MPa) of a joint bonded in a particular manner. 22.6 40.4 16.4 72.4 36.6 109.8 30.0 4.4 33.1 66.7 81.5 (a) What are the values of the fourths

Answers

Wow same question!!! Nice

An air-standard Diesel cycle engine operates as follows: The temperatures at the beginning and end of the compression stroke are 30 °C and 700 °C, respectively. The net work per cycle is 590.1 kJ/kg, and the heat transfer input per cycle is 925 kJ/kg. Determine the a) compression ratio, b) maximum temperature of the cycle, and c) the cutoff ratio, v3/v2.

Answers

This question is incomplete, the complete question is;

An air-standard Diesel cycle engine operates as follows: The temperatures at the beginning and end of the compression stroke are 30 °C and 700 °C, respectively. The net work per cycle is 590.1 kJ/kg, and the heat transfer input per cycle is 925 kJ/kg. Determine the a) compression ratio, b) maximum temperature of the cycle, and c) the cutoff ratio, v3/v2.

Use the cold air standard assumptions.

Answer:

a) The compression ratio is 18.48

b) The maximum temperature of the cycle is 1893.4 K

c) The cutoff ratio, v₃/v₂ is 1.946

Explanation:

Given the data in the question;

Temperature at the start of a compression T₁ = 30°C = (30 + 273) = 303 K

Temperature at the end of a compression T₂ = 700°C = (700 + 273) = 973 K

Net work per cycle [tex]W_{net[/tex] = 590.1 kJ/kg

Heat transfer input per cycle Qs = 925 kJ/kg

a) compression ratio;

As illustrated in the diagram below, 1 - 2 is adiabatic compression;

so,

Tγ[tex]^{Y-1[/tex] = constant { For Air, γ = 1.4 }

hence;

⇒ V₁ / V₂ = [tex]([/tex] T₂ / T₁ [tex])^{\frac{1}{Y-1}[/tex]

so we substitute

⇒ V₁ / V₂ = [tex]([/tex]  973 K / 303 K  [tex])^{\frac{1}{1.4-1}[/tex]

= [tex]([/tex]  3.21122  [tex])^{\frac{1}{0.4}[/tex]

= 18.4788 ≈ 18.48

Therefore, The compression ratio is 18.48

b) maximum temperature of the cycle

We know that for Air, Cp = 1.005 kJ/kgK

Now,

Heat transfer input per cycle Qs = Cp( T₃ - T₂ )

we substitute

925 = 1.005( T₃ - 700 )

( T₃ - 700 ) = 925 / 1.005

( T₃ - 700 ) = 920.398

T₃ = 920.398 + 700

T₃ = 1620.398 °C

T₃ = ( 1620.398 + 273 ) K

T₃ = 1893.396 K ≈ 1893.4 K

Therefore, The maximum temperature of the cycle is 1893.4 K

c)  the cutoff ratio, v₃/v₂;

Since pressure is constant, V ∝ T

So,

cutoff ratio S = v₃ / v₂  = T₃ / T₂

we substitute

cutoff ratio S = 1893.396 K / 973 K

cutoff ratio S = 1.9459 ≈ 1.946

Therefore, the cutoff ratio, v₃/v₂ is 1.946

what happen to the clutch system when you step-on and releasing the clutch pedal?​

Answers

Answer:

Step On: Your foot forces the clutch pedal down and then causes it to take up the slack. This, in turn, causes the clutch friction disk to slip, creating heat and ultimately wearing your clutch out.

Step Off: When the clutch pedal is released, the springs of the pressure plate push the slave cylinder's pushrod back, which forces the hydraulic fluid back into the master cylinder.

7
Which wire can carry a higher current?
ered
tof
Select one:
A. AWG 6
B. AWG 18
C. AWG 12
D. AWG 24

Answers

Answer:

the wire that can carry much current is AWG 24

AWG 24 is the  wire can carry a higher current. The diameter of the wire increases with decreasing gauge. The electrical resistance to the signals decreases with increasing wire diameter. Hence, option D is correct.

What is meant by high current?

Any current above 10 mA has the potential to deliver an unpleasant to severe shock, while 200 mA and above is considered lethal. Despite the fact that currents above 200 mA might cause serious burns and unconsciousness, they usually do not cause death if the sufferer receives timely medical attention.

Higher voltage and lower current are frequently more effective combinations. The amount of current that a wire is rated to handle is frequently indicated by its capacity rating. People can use the same cable to drive a load twice as large by doubling the voltage and maintaining the same current.

Thus, option D is correct.

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what is Geography? pliz help​

Answers

Answer:

hope it's helpful please like and Follow me

Answer:

Geography is the science that studies and describes the surface of the Earth in its physical, current and natural aspect, or as a place inhabited by humanity.

What happens to resistance in the strain gauge and voltage drop from a connected Wheatstone bridge if you were to pull the strain gauge along the long axis

Answers

Answer:

Resistance and voltage drop will still continue to rise, although at a slower pace than on the desired axis.

Explanation:

Pulling the strain gauge in the long axis causes the wires to elongate/thin, the effect of this is that it will lead to an increase in resistance and voltage drop (V = I*R).

As a result of the resultant effect, resistance and voltage drop will still continue to rise, although at a slower pace than on the desired axis, such as the long axis.

What would the Select lines need to be to send data for the fifth bit in an 8-bit system (S0 being the MSB and S2 being the LSB)?
A. S0 = 1, S1 = 0, S2 = 0
B. S0 = 0, S1 = 0, S2 = 0
C. S0 = 0, S1 = 1, S2 = 0
D. S0 = 0, S1 = 1, S2 = 1

Answers

Answer:

A. S0 = 1, S1 = 0, S2 = 0

lines need to send data for the fifth bit in an 8 bit system

Teachers
Mover Charisma
Classmates
11 students

Kenny Andres-Perez

Michelle Benítez

Samuel Hereford

RUB Briber

Chris tel Joseph

Cody Alexa

Daisy Monteria

Interval

Junior Rivera

Emmanuel Williams

Answers

Uh I’m just gonna say yes because I think this is just something random

1. Using the formula above, complete this task.

Concrete is currently sold in increments of 12 yd'. Concrete current cost is $45 per V2 yd. How much would it cost a Shameka's Construction Company to cement a pad size 18ft x 20 ft. floor, 4 inches thick?​

Answers

Answer:

gfbhjdskmlgtg

Explanation:

grtwhjyeywhtagsfdd

As an engineer which types of ethical issues or problem you can face in industrial environment.

Answers

Explanation:

Answer ⬇️

Social and ethical issues in engineering, ethical principles of engineering, professional code of ethics, some specific social problems in engineering practice: privacy and data protection, corruption, user orientation, digital divide, human rights, access to basic services.

➡️dhruv73143(⌐■-■)

A 2-m-internal-diameter spherical tank made of 0.5-cm-thick stainless steel (k = 15 W/m·K) is used to store iced water at 0°C in a room at 20°C. The walls of the room are also at 20°C. The outer surface of the tank is black (emissivity ε = 1), and heat transfer between the outer surface of the tank and the surroundings is by natural convection and radiation. Assuming the entire steel tank to be at 0°C and thus the thermal resistance of the tank to be negligible, determine
(a) the rate of heat transfer to the iced water in the tank and
(b) the amount of ice at 0°C that melts during a 24-h period. The heat of fusion of water is 333.7 kJ/kg. Now, consider a 2-m internal diameter double- walled spherical tank configuration is used instead to store iced water at 0°C in a room at 20°C. Each wall is 0.5 cm thick, and the 1.5-cm-thick air space between the two walls of the tank is evacuated in order to minimize heat transfer. The surfaces surrounding the evacuated space are polished so that each surface has an emissivity of 0.15. The temperature of the outer wall of the tank is measured to be 20°C. Assuming the inner wall of the steel tank to be at 0°C, determine
(c) the rate of heat transfer to the iced water in the tank for this double-walled tank configuration and
(d) the amount of ice at 0°C that melts during a 24-h period for this double-walled tank configuration.

Answers

Answer:

a. 6.48 kW b. 1678.34 kg c. 777.92 W d. 201.42 kg

Explanation:

(a) the rate of heat transfer to the iced water in the tank

The rate of heat transfer to the outer surface of the spherical tank is P = P₁ + P₂ where P₁ = rate of heat transfer to the outer surface by radiation and P₂ = rate of heat transfer to the outer surface by convection through air

P₁ = εσAT⁴ where ε = emissivity of outer surface ε= 1, σ = Stefan-Boltzmann constant = 5.67 × 10⁻⁸ W/m-K⁴, A = area of outer surface of spherical tank = 4πR² where R = outer radius of spherical tank = inner radius + thickness = inner diameter/2 + 5 cm = 2 m/2 + 0.05 m = 1 m + 0.05 m = 1.05 m and T = temperature of surroundings = 20 °C = 273 + 20 = 293 K.

P₁ = εσAT⁴

P₁ = 1 × 5.67 × 10⁻⁸ W/m-K⁴ × 4π(1.05 m)² × (293 K)⁴

P₁ = 1 × 5.67 × 10⁻⁸ W/m-K⁴ × 4π(1.1025 m²) × 7370050801 K⁴

P₁ = 184285909263.7647π × 10⁻⁸ W

P₁ = 578951258703.16 × 10⁻⁸ W

P₁ = 5789.51 W

P₂ = hA(T - T₁) where h = coefficient of thermal convection of air = 2.5 W/m²-K, A = outer surface area of spherical tank = 4πR², T = temperature of surroundings = 20 °C = 273 + 20 = 293 K and T₁ = temperature of outer surface of spherical tank = 0 °C = 273 + 0 = 273 K.  

P₂ = hA(T - T₁)

P₂ = 2.5 W/m²-K × 4π(1.05 m)² × (293 K - 273 K)

P₂ = 2.5 W/m²-K × 4π(1.1025 m²) × 20 K

P₂ = 220.5π W

P₂ = 692.72 W

So, P = P₁ + P₂ = 5789.51 W + 692.72 W = 6482.23 W

Since we are neglecting the thermal resistance of the spherical tank, the rate of heat absorption of the outer surface equals the rate of heat absorption in the inner surface. The rate of heat absorption at the inner surface equals the rate of heat transfer to the iced water.

So, rate of heat transfer to the iced water = P = 6482.23 W = 6.48223 kW 6.48 kW

(b) the amount of ice at 0°C that melts during a 24-h period. The heat of fusion of water is 333.7 kJ/kg.

Since the amount of heat, Q = Pt where P = heat transfer rate to iced water = 6482.23 W and t = time = 24 h = 24 h × 60 min/h × 60 s/min = 86400 s.

Also, Q = the latent heat required to melt the ice at 0 °C = mL where m = mass of ice melted and L = latent heat of fusion of ice = 333.7 kJ/kg

So, Pt = mL

m = Pt/L

= 6482.23 W × 86400 s/333.7 × 10³ J/kg

= 560064672/333.7 × 10³

= 1678.34 kg

(c) the rate of heat transfer to the iced water in the tank for this double-walled tank configuration

Since P is the rate of heat transfer to the outer surface, this is also the rate of heat transfer to the outer 0.5 cm thick wall = P₃ = 6482.23 W

P₃ = kA(T - T₃)/d where k = thermal conductivity of outer wall = 15 W/m²-K

A = surface area of outer wall = 4πR'² where R' = radius of outer wall = radius of inner wall + thickness of inner wall + thickness of vacuum + thickness of outer wall = 2.0 m/2 + 0.5 cm + 1.5 cm + 0.5 cm = 1 m + 2.5 cm = 1 m + 0.025 m = 1.025 m, T = temperature of surroundings = 20 °C = 273 + 20 = 293 K, T₃ = temperature of inner surface of outer wall of spherical tank and d = thickness of outer surface of tank = 0.5 cm = 0.05 m

P₃ = kA(T - T₃)/d

making T₃ subject of the formula, we have

P₃d = kA(T - T₃)

P₃d/kA = (T - T₃)

T₃ = T - P₃d/kA

substituting the values of the variables into the equation, we have

T₃ = 293 K - 6482.23 W × 0.05 m/[15 W/m-K × 4π(1.025 m)²]

T₃ = 293 K - 324.1115 Wm/[15 W/m-K × 4π(1.050625 m²)]

T₃ = 293 K - 324.1115 Wm/[63.0375π W/m-K)]

T₃ = 293 K - 324.1115 Wm/[198.0381 W/m-K)]

T₃ = 293 K - 1.64 K

T₃ = 291.36 K

Since the 1.5 cm thick air space is evacuated, all the heat gets to the inner 0.5 cm thick wall by radiation.

So P = εσAT₃⁴

P₄ = εσAT₃⁴ where ε = emissivity of outer surface ε = 0.15, σ = Stefan-Boltzmann constant = 5.67 × 10⁻⁸ W/m-K⁴, A = area of inner surface of outer wall of spherical tank = 4πR"² where R" = outer radius of inner thick wall of spherical tank = inner radius + thickness of inner wall = inner diameter/2 + 0.5 cm = 2 m/2 + 0.005 m = 1 m + 0.005 m = 1.005 m and T = temperature of outer wall = 291.36 K.

P₄ = 0.15 × 5.67 × 10⁻⁸ W/m-K⁴ × 4π(1.005 m)² × (291.36 K)⁴

P₄ = 0.15 × 5.67 × 10⁻⁸ W/m-K⁴ × 4π(1.010025 m²) × 7206422389.51 K⁴

P₄ = 24762024365.028π × 10⁻⁸ W

P₄ = 77792193833.18 × 10⁻⁸ W

P₄ = 777.92 W

Now P₄ is the heat transfer rate to the inner surface which is at temperature T₄

Since T₄ = 0 °C, P₄ is the rate of heat transfer to the iced water

So, rate of heat transfer to the iced water P₄ = 777.92 W

(d) the amount of ice at 0°C that melts during a 24-h period for this double-walled tank configuration

Since the amount of heat, Q = P₄t where P₄ = heat transfer rate to iced water = 777.92 W and t = time = 24 h = 24 h × 60 min/h × 60 s/min = 86400 s.

Also, Q = the latent heat required to melt the ice at 0 °C = mL where m = mass of ice melted and L = latent heat of fusion of ice = 333.7 kJ/kg

So, P₄t = mL

m = P₄t/L

= 777.92 W × 86400 s/333.7 × 10³ J/kg

= 67212288/333.7 × 10³

= 201.42 kg

The roof of a house has three layers: (1) 2 inch thick pine, (2) 4 inches of fiberglass insulation and (3) 0.1 inch thick Asphalt shingles. Calculate the rate of flow of heat (BTU/hour) through the roof. The temperature inside the house is 700F and the temperature outside is 300F. The R/inch for pine is 1.28, the R/inch for fiberglass is 3.0 and the R/inch for Shingles is 4.0. Take the area of the roof to be 500 square feet. The Unit of R is mixed: ft2 . 0F.h/BTU

Answers

Answer:

the rate of flow of heat through the roof is 45616.858 BTU/hr

Explanation:

Given the data in the question;

pin thickness [tex]t_p[/tex] = 2 in

fiber glass thickness [tex]t_f[/tex] = 4 in

Asphalt shingles thickness [tex]t_a[/tex] = 0.1 in

R/inch for pine = 1.28

R/inch for fiberglass = 3.0

R/inch for Shingles = 4.0

Temperature inside the house [tex]T_{inside[/tex] = 700 F

Temperature outside the house [tex]T_{outside[/tex] = 300 F

area of the roof A = 500 ft²

we calculate the total Resistance;

R = ( 2 × 1.28 ) + ( 4 × 3.0 ) + ( 0.1 × 4.0 )

R = 2.56 + 12 + 0.4

R = 14.96

Now, we determine the rate of heat flow;

dQ/dt = ΔT(A) / R

⇒ ( [tex]T_{inside[/tex] - [tex]T_{outside[/tex] )A / R

we substitute

⇒ (( 700 - 300 ) × 500 ) / 14.96

⇒ ( 400 × 500 ) / 14.96

⇒ 200000 / 14.96

⇒ 13368.98 watt

we know that 1 watt = 3.412142 BTU/hr

⇒ ( 13368.98 × 3.412142 ) BTU/hr

45616.858 BTU/hr

Therefore, the rate of flow of heat through the roof is 45616.858 BTU/hr

how do you know when an equation is (In)​

Answers

If a vertical line crosses the relation on the graph only once in all locations, the relation is a function. However, if a vertical line crosses the relation more than once, the relation is not a function. Using the vertical line test, all lines except for vertical lines are functions

whats is the purpose of the stator winding​

Answers

Answer:

In an electric motor, the stator provides a magnetic field that drives the rotating armature; in a generator, the stator converts the rotating magnetic field to electric current. In fluid powered devices, the stator guides the flow of fluid to or from the rotating part of the system.

4 An approach to a pretimed signal has 30 seconds of effective red, and D/D/1 queuing holds. The total delay at the approach is 83.33 veh-s/cycle and the saturation flow rate is 1000 veh/h. If the capacity of the approach equals the number of arrivals per cycle, determine the approach flow rate and cycle length.

Answers

Answer:

Following are the responses to the given question:

Explanation:

Effective red duration is applied each cycle r=30 second D/D/1 queuing

In total, its approach delay is 83.33 sec vehicle per cycle

Flow rate(s) of saturated = 1,000 vehicles each hour

Total vehicle delay per cycle[tex]= \frac{v \times 30^2}{2(1-\frac{v}{0.2778})}[/tex]

[tex]\to \frac{v\times 30^2}{2(1-\frac{v}{0.2778})}= 83.33\\\\\to 900v=166.66-599.928v\\\\\to v=0.111 \frac{veh}{sec}\\\\[/tex]

The flow rate for such total approach is 0.111 per second.

The overall flow velocity of the approach is 400 cars per hour

The approach capacity refers to the number of arrivals per cycle.

Environmentally friendly time ratio to cycle length:

[tex],\frac{g}{C} \ is = \frac{400}{1000}=0.4\\\\r= c-g\\\\30\ sec =C - 0.4 C\\\\C=50 \ sec[/tex]

The object in ....................... shadow is not seen completely​

Answers

Answer:

Dark shadow

Explanation:

Shadow is nothing but space when the light is blocked by an opaque object. It is just that part where light does not reach. When you stand in the sun, you are able to see your shadow behind you. ... This is because our body is opaque and does not allow the light to pass through it

Mark brainliest

A step-up transformer has 20 primary turns and 400 secondary turns. If the primary current is 30 A, what is the secondary current

Answers

150
A
Explanation:
V
s
V
p
=
N
s
N
p

(
1
)
N
refers to the number of turns
V
is voltage
s
and
p
refer to the secondary and primary coil.
From the conservation of energy we get:
V
p
I
p
=
V
s
I
s

(
2
)
From
(
1
)
:
V
s
V
p
=
900
00
3
00
=
300

V
s
=
300
V
p
Substituting for
V
s
into
(
2
)

V
p
I
p
=
300
V
p
×
0.5

I
p
=
150
A
Seems a big current.

In an ideal transformer, the ratio of input voltage to output voltage is equal to the ratio of the number of turns in primary coil to number of turns in the secondary coil. Therefore, the secondary current in the given case is 1.5 A.

What is secondary current ?

Secondary current refers to the electric current that flows in the secondary winding of a transformer. A transformer is a device that transfers electrical energy from one circuit to another by means of electromagnetic induction.

It consists of two or more coils of insulated wire, called windings, that are wound around a common magnetic core. In a transformer, an alternating current (AC) flows through the primary winding, which produces a magnetic field that induces a voltage in the secondary winding.

The secondary current in the above given case is 1.5 A.

Learn more about secondary current here:

https://brainly.com/question/18763122

#SPJ2

If the same type of thermoplastic polymer is being tensile tested and the strain rate is increased, it will: g

Answers

Answer:

It would break I think need to try it out

Explanation:

I ran across this symbol in some Electrical wiring documents and I am unaware of what this means. Any help?

Answers

Answer:

Opened Push-button Switch (i.e. a PTM Switch)

Explanation:

Tha's just another symbol for a switch, but this one specifies that the switch is a push-button type of switch.

Since it's not touching and completing the line, the state of the switch is initially open.

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