What is the expected major product for the following reaction? 1. Hg(OAc)2 H2O 2. NaBH4. NaOH OH +enantiomer OH +enantiomer + enantiomer
The expected major product for the reaction you have provided is "OH + enantiomer + enantiomer."
Hg(OAc)2 acts as a catalyst in this reaction, promoting the reduction of the aldehyde or ketone using NaBH4 as the reducing agent. The product of the reduction will be alcohol, and the enantiomer refers to the fact that the product will be chiral (meaning it will have a non-superimposable mirror image) and of a particular enantiomer (one of the two non-superimposable mirror images).
The addition of NaOH neutralizes the reaction's acid and dissolves the result, making it easier to separate. It is not likely to have a substantial impact on the reduction's product.
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Draw the 6 Newman projections of 2,2,5,5-tetramethylhexane of all the different energy levels. Label each as staggered or eclipsed and rank in order from lowest energy to highest
Here are the six Newman projections of 2,2,5,5-tetramethylhexane:
Lowest energy:
/C
/ \
/C C\
/ \ / \
C/ C \C
\ / \ /
\C C/
\ /
\C
This conformation is staggered.
/C
/ \
/C C\
/ \ / \
C/ H \C
\ / \ /
\C C/
\ /
\C
This conformation is eclipsed.
/C
/ \
/C C\
/ \ / \
C/ H \H
\ / \ /
\C C/
\ /
\C
This conformation is eclipsed.
/H
/ \
/C C\
/ \ / \
C/ H \C
\ / \ /
\C C/
\ /
\C
This conformation is eclipsed.
/H
/ \
/C C\
/ \ / \
C/ C \C
\ / \ /
\C C/
\ /
\H
This conformation is staggered.
Highest energy:
/H
/ \
/C C\
/ \ / \
H/ C \C
\ / \ /
\C C/
\ /
\H
This conformation is eclipsed.
In order from lowest energy to highest, the conformations are: 1, 5, 2, 4, 3, 6.
What are Newman's projections?The three-dimensional structure of a molecule may be better understood with the assistance of a graphic known as a Newman projection.
This projection stares down a carbon-carbon bond the majority of the time, making it a particularly effective approach to depict the stereochemistry of alkanes.
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what did the photoelectric experiment demonstrate?
The photoelectrons' kinetic energy increased with an increase in light frequency, and the current increased with a rise in light amplitude.
What is demonstrated by the photoelectric effect?
The current increased with a rise in light amplitude, and the kinetic energy of the photoelectrons increased with a rise in light frequency.
What does the photoelectric effect prove?
Light can be categorised as a wave because it demonstrates all three of the essential features of a wave—interference, diffraction, and polarisation.
The photoelectric effect, however, only makes sense if we consider light to be made up of tiny energy packets (particles) known as photons; in other words, the photoelectric effect proves that light is a particle.
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draw lewis symbols for the most stable ion formed by: sodium, oxygen, calcium, and chlorine.
The Lewis structure of the most stable form of sodium, oxygen, calcium and chlorine.
Diagrams that show the chemical bonds between the atoms of a molecule are known as Lewis dot structures, also known as electron dot structures. Additionally, they show the total number of lone pairs found in each of the atoms that make up the molecule. Lewis structures, also known as electron dot structures or Lewis structures, are quite prevalent. According to Lewis, an acid is an electron pair acceptor and a base is an electron pair giver. One dot is included in a Lewis Electron Dot Formula along with the symbol of the element and each valence electron. The steps to explain the electron dot formula are listed below. Note down a skeletal structure using only the element symbols that shows a realistic bonding pattern.
Hence, Lewis structure depict possibilities of bonding.
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carbonate buffers are important in regulating the ph of blood at 7.40. if the carbonic acid concentration in a sample of blood is 0.0013 m, determine the bicarbonate ion concentration required to buffer the ph of blood at ph
The blood buffer has a pH of 7.4, whereas the blood sample has a carbonic acid content of 0.0013 M.
The chemical compound of hydrogen, carbon, and oxygen is known as carbonic acid (H2CO3).It is produced in minute quantities when water dissolves its anhydride, carbon dioxide (CO2). Two covalent double bonds bind the core carbon atom of carbon dioxide, also referred to as carbonic acid gas, to the two oxygen atoms.
Calculation:Calculating the concentration is as follows:pH = pKₐ + log HCO⁻₃/ H₂CO₃
7.4 = - log(4.3 × 10⁻₇)+ log HCO⁻₃/ 0.0013m
log HCO⁻₃/ 0.0013m = 7.4 - 6.37
log HCO⁻₃/ 0.0013m = 1.03
log HCO⁻₃/ 0.0013m = 10¹°⁰³
HCO⁻₃ = 1.3 ₓ 10⁻².
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1) List the following sets of quantum numbers in order increasing energy:
I . n=4, / = 1, m/=1, ms = +1/2
II. n=3, /=2, m/= -1, ms = +1/2
III. n=4, / =0, m/ = 0, ms = +1/2
The increasing energy order of the quantum numbers is III < II < I.
What are quantum numbers?There are a total of four quantum numbers in atoms: primary quantum number (n)orbital angular momentum quantum number (l), magnetic quantum number (ml), electron spin quantum number (ms). However, other possibilities include angular momentum, spin, etc. Quantum numbers frequently specifically characterize the energy levels of electrons in atoms. Flavour quantum numbers, which are internal quantum numbers that determine a particle's kind and how it interacts with other particles using basic forces, are a significant family of quantum numbers. It is challenging to compile a list of all conceivable quantum numbers because any quantum system can have one or more quantum numbers.Here, the increasing energy order of the sets of quantum numbers is III < II < I.To learn more about quantum numbers, refer:
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Why is a molecule of co2 nonpolar even though the bonds between the carbon atom and the oxygen atoms are polar?.
A molecule of CO2 is a nonpolar molecule, even though the bonds between the carbon atom and the oxygen atoms are polar. This is due to the fact that the two polar bonds in the molecule cancel each other out.
The oxygen atoms in CO2 have a partial negative charge due to their higher electronegativity, while the carbon atom has a partial positive charge. These two polar bonds create a dipole moment in the molecule, but the two dipoles point in opposite directions and thus cancel each other out.
The fact that the two polar bonds cancel out each other is known as “molecular geometry”. This describes how the atoms of a molecule are arranged in space. In the case of CO2, the molecule has a linear arrangement of atoms, meaning that the two oxygen atoms are arranged on opposite sides of the carbon atom. This arrangement creates a symmetrical molecule, where the two dipoles of the polar bonds are facing each other and canceling each other out.
In addition to the cancellation of the dipole moments, the nonpolarity of CO2 is also due to its low polarity. The polarity of a molecule is determined by the difference in electronegativity between the atoms that make up the molecule. In the case of CO2, the difference between the electronegativities of the carbon and oxygen atoms is relatively low, meaning that the resulting molecule is nonpolar.
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strontium 38sr90 has a half-life of 29.1 yr. it is chemically similar to calcium, enters the body through the food chain, and collects in the bones. consequently, 38sr90 is a particularly serious health hazard. how long (in years) will it take for 99.9778% of the 38sr90 released in a nuclear reactor accident to disappear?
The amount of 38Sr90 produced from a nuclear reactor accident that will take half lifetime to dissipate is 99.9778%.
How is the half-life time determined?The half-life of a reaction is the length of time required for the reactant concentration to decrease to half its initial value. A first-order reaction's half-life is a constant that is correlated with its rate constant: t1/2 = 0.693/k.
Why is the term "half-life" used?A radioactive element's half-life is the amount of time it takes for it to decay to half of its original value. It can be concluded from this that a source's activity has a half-life if it takes some time before it drops to half its starting value.
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How is Mg different from MgO?
The primary distinction between magnesium as well as magnesium oxide is also that magnesium is indeed a chemical element and magnesium oxide is an ionic compound.
Although magnesium as well as magnesium oxide are related, they are not the same. Magnesium is indeed a base element, and magnesium oxide is indeed a magnesium derivative. This latter is also a magnesium compound and salt.
Magnesium is a chemical element with the atomic number (12) as well as symbol Mg. It is classified as just a metal as an element and has all of the features of metallic elements. It is strong and malleable, and it can't be broken down because it is already made up of atoms. Magnesium oxide, in contrast hand, is a compound formed when magnesium reacts with oxygen. It has a unique chemical formula (MgO) that results from an ionic bond. This bond, however, could be broken by chemical decomposition.
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Which solute will lower the freezing point of 1 kg of water to 3.72 C?
The solute that will lower the freezing point of 1 kg of water to 3.72 C is sodium chloride (NaCl).
A solute is any substance that is dissolved in a liquid to form a solution. It can be either a solid, a liquid, or a gas. Solutes are typically dissolved in a liquid to form a homogenous mixture, and the liquid itself is called the solvent. Examples of solutes include sugar, salt, and other minerals in water, as well as oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon dioxide in air. As solutes are dissolved, the concentration of the solute in the solvent increases, resulting in a decrease in the amount of solvent present.
When a substance such as NaCl is dissolved in water, the freezing point of the water is lowered. This is due to the fact that the solute molecules interfere with the hydrogen bonding of the water molecules, which makes it harder for them to form a crystalline structure as the temperature decreases, thus reducing the freezing point.
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What is the mass in grams of 1.00 mol?
The value of the mole is equal to the number of atoms in exactly 12 grams of pure carbon-12. 12.00 g C-12 = 1 mol C-12 atoms = [tex]6.02*10^{23}[/tex] atoms.
The mole is a common unit of measurement in chemistry for the amounts of reactants and products in chemical processes. Previously, "mole of molecules" and "mole of atoms" were denoted by the terms gram-molecule and gram-atom, respectively. The quantity of dissolved material per unit volume of solution is known as a solution's molar concentration, and the unit generally used to describe this quantity is moles per litre(mol/L).
The ratio of a sample's mass to the substance's total mass is known as the molar mass of a material. The number of moles in the sample serves as a measure of the substance's quantity.
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how is a new element formed in a star
Nuclear fusion
Explanation:
What is the chemical reaction between cornstarch and water?
Cornstarch and water comes under suspension mixture in which a solid solute dispersed into a liquid solvent .
When we press the mixture quickly, the starch molecules comes close together. Due to this the water to get trapped between chains of starch and create a semi-rigid structure.
There in reality is no chemical reaction which occurs between them as the cornstarch still remains cornstarch at the end of the reaction.
Just a very light bond is formed between them which can be broken easily.
The viscosity of the fluid is increased leading to addition of some other interesting properties to the substance.
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Is chocolate being melted a physical or chemical change?
A solid material physically changing into a liquid is called melting. When brought to room temperature, chocolate can simply solidify because it doesn't undergo any chemical changes.
When chocolate melts, what changes?The average distances between the molecules of the chocolate increase as it melts because they spread out more. This is the reason why, after melting, they appear as liquids. Melting is typically thought of as merely a physical transformation. This is so that the chocolate's chemical composition is unaltered.
Is chocolate that is melting a physical thing?The transformation of a solid state into a liquid state is referred to as melting. The species involved or their chemical makeup remain unchanged during melting. Melting is therefore a physical characteristic.
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Identify subatomic particles Question The prefix in subatomic tells us that subatomic particles are: Select the correct answer below:
O particles made of atoms
O the basic building blocks of atoms 2
O particles of similar size to atoms
O particles that power nuclear submarines FE Type here to search
Sub is going to be the prefix. The basic building blocks of atoms will be the right response.
It will be smaller than the bigger object in terms of composition. They will thus be smaller than an atom. Atoms are larger than subatomic particles. They are going to be the atom's building blocks. So the fundamental constituents of atoms will be the right response in this case. Protons, neutrons, and electrons—the particles that we know make up atoms—are also referred to as subatomic, of course. Thus, we refer to them as subatomic particles. They are the subatomic particles that go towards the creation of an atom. Okay, so that would be the proper response. that second response choice.
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what are the disadvantages of using ionic compounds and covalent compounds in domestic?
Answer:
There are several disadvantages of using ionic compounds and covalent compounds in domestic settings:
> Ionic compounds are generally less stable and less resistant to changes in temperature and humidity than covalent compounds. This means that they may degrade or decompose over time, leading to reduced effectiveness or even hazards.
> Ionic compounds often have a high melting point and boiling point, making them difficult to handle and store. They may also be sensitive to heat, light, or moisture, which can affect their stability and performance.
> Ionic compounds can be corrosive and toxic, making them potentially harmful to humans and animals. Some ionic compounds, such as bleach and ammonia, can cause respiratory issues and skin irritation.
> Covalent compounds can be expensive to manufacture, as they often require specialized equipment and high temperatures and pressures to synthesize. This can make them less cost-effective for domestic use.
> Covalent compounds may also have a low melting point and boiling point, making them prone to decomposition or evaporation. They may also be flammable or explosive, posing a risk of fire or explosion in domestic settings.
Overall, it is important to carefully consider the properties and potential risks of using ionic and covalent compounds in domestic settings, and to follow safety guidelines and instructions for handling and storing these substances.
Identify the conjugate base for each acid. conjugate base of H3 PO4 conjugate base of HSO: conjugate base of NH
Conjugate base for each acid of H₃PO₄,HSO and NH respectively is H₂PO₄[tex]^-[/tex],SO[tex]^-[/tex],NH₂[tex]^-[/tex].
What is an acid?Acids are defined as substances which on dissociation yield H+ ions , and these substances are sour in taste.Compounds such as HCl, H₂SO₄ and HNO₃ are acids as they yield H+ ions on dissociation.
According to the number of H+ ions which are generated on dissociation acids are classified as mono-protic , di-protic ,tri-protic and polyprotic acids depending on the number of protons which are liberated on dissociation.
Acids are widely used in industries for production of fertilizers, detergents batteries and dyes.They are used in chemical industries for production of chemical compounds like salts which are produced by neutralization reactions.
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How do you graph a parabola function?
To draw a parabola graph, we have to first find the vertex for the given equation.
This can be done by using x=-b/2a and y = f(-b/2a). Plotting the graph, when the quadratic equation is given in the form of f(x) = a(x-h)^2 + k, where (h, k) is the vertex of the parabola, is its vertex form.
parabola
A parabola is a plane curve which is mirror-symmetrical and is approximately U-shaped. It fits several superficially different mathematical descriptions, which can all be proved to define exactly the same curves.
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Indicate the oxidation number of phosphorus, iodine, nitrogen, tellurium, and sillicon in the following ions. Remember that the sum of the oxidation numbers for an ion must equal the charge of the ion. PO43- PO33- HPO42- P3O103- IO3- IO2- IO- NH4+ NO2+ NO2- NO- NO3+ N2O22- TeO42- SiO22- Indicate the oxidation number of the metallic element(s) in the following compounds. None of the compounds listed are peroxides. Fe2O3 FeO CoS CoSO4 K3CoCl6 CrCl3 CeO3 K2CrO4 K2Cr2O7 KCrO2 K2MnO4 Mn2O7 MnO2 PbO2 Pb3O4 Zrl4 U3O2 UO2Cl2 Write formulas for all of the compounds resulting from matching all cations with all anions in each set. Remember that the sum of the oxidation numbers for a compound must equal zero.
The oxidation state of an element is calculated by subtracting and the total sum of oxidation states of all the individual atom (excluding the one that has to be calculated) from total charge on the molecule. Therefore, in above given ways we can assign oxidation state.
What is oxidation state?Oxidation state of an element is a number that is assigned to an element in a molecule that represents the number of electron gained or lost during the formation of that molecule or compound.
a.PO[tex]_4[/tex]³⁻ the oxidation state of P is +5
b. P[tex]_3[/tex]O[tex]_{10}[/tex]⁵⁻the oxidation state of P is +5
c. IO⁻the oxidation state of I is +1
d. NO[tex]_2[/tex]⁻the oxidation state of N is +3
e. N[tex]_2[/tex]O[tex]_2[/tex]²⁻the oxidation state of N is +1
f. PO[tex]_3[/tex]³⁻the oxidation state of P is +3
g. IO[tex]_3[/tex]⁻the oxidation state of I is +5
h. NH[tex]_4[/tex]⁺the oxidation state of N is +3
i. NO⁺the oxidation state of N is +1
j. TeO[tex]_4[/tex]²⁻the oxidation state of Te is +6
k. HPO[tex]_4[/tex]²⁻the oxidation state of P is +5
l. IO[tex]_2[/tex]⁻the oxidation state of I is +3
m. NO[tex]_3[/tex]⁻the oxidation state of N is +5
n. NO[tex]_2[/tex]⁺the oxidation state of N is +5
o. SiO[tex]_3[/tex]²⁻the oxidation state of Si is +4
Therefore, in above given ways we can assign oxidation state.
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What is the osmolarity of a 20% NaCl solution?
The osmolarity of a 20% NaCl solution is 6.8 osmoles/L.
What is osmolarity?
In contrast to osmolality, which refers to the number of solute particles per kilogram of solvent, osmolarity refers to the number of solute particles per liter of solution.
20 % Sodium chloride:
Convert percent to molarity: 20 gm / 100 ml = 200 gm / L
Sodium is 22.99 g and Chlorine is 35.45 g,
Therefore, the molecular weight of Sodium chloride is 22.99 + 35.45, that is 58.44 grams per mole.
Molarity of Sodium chloride = 200 gm/L / (molecular weight of Sodium chloride) = 200 / 58.44 = 3.4 M
There are 2 osmoles of Sodium chloride per mole, so:
Osmolarity of 20% Sodium chloride = Molarity X 2
osmolarity = 3.4 X 2
osmolarity = 6.8 osmoles/L
Therefore, the osmolarity of a 20% Sodium chloride solution is 6.8 osmoles/L.
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The diagrams above show the ultraviolet absorption spectra for two compounds. Diagram 1 is the absorption spectrum of pure acetone, a solvent used when preparing solutions for an experiment. Diagram 2 is the absorption spectrum of the solute for which the absorbance needs to be measured to determine its concentration. When the student reads the absorbance of the solution at 280 nm, the result is too high. Which of the following is most likely responsible for the error in the measured absorbance?
answer choices
The student added too little solute to the acetone before measuring its absorbance.
The student rinsed the cuvette with the solution before filling the cuvette with the solution.
The student forgot to calibrate the spectrophotometer first by using a cuvette containing only acetone.
The wavelength setting was accidentally changed from 280 nm
to 300 nm before the student made the measurement.
The most likely mistake responsible for the error in the measured absorbance is that The student added too little solute to the acetone before measuring its absorbance.
Spectrophotometry is a branch of electromagnetic spectroscopy that deals with quantifying a material's reflection or transmission properties as a function of wavelength. Absorbance (A), also known as optical density, is the quantity of light absorbed by a solution (OD). Transmittance is the quantity of light that passes through a solution.
A spectrophotometer is a device that monitors the number of photons (light intensity) absorbed when a sample solution passes through it. The spectrophotometer may also be used to measure the quantity of a known chemical substance (concentrations) by measuring the intensity of light observed. Absorbance is the quantity of light of a specific wavelength that a given substance prevents from passing through it.
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Lewis structure for SeCl2 with lone pairs.
Lewis structure for SeCl2 have 2 lone pairs.
In his idea of cubic atoms, Lewis developed the "octet rule." The preference of atoms to have eight electrons in the valence shell is referred to as the "octet rule." Atoms with fewer than eight electrons have a propensity to interact, resulting in the formation of more stable compounds. The most stable state that atoms can achieve through their reactions. The idea of the octet rule, in which atoms share electrons so that each has eight electrons in its outer shell, is the foundation of a Lewis structure. The outer shell of an oxygen atom, for instance, has six electrons. The valence electrons of atoms within a molecule are depicted in diagrams known as Lewis structures, commonly referred to as Lewis dots or electron dot structures.
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Complete the mechanism for the reaction of pent-2-one with methoxide. In all three boxes add lone pair electrons and nonzero formal charges for the given species. In the first two boxes draw the curved arrow notation to illustrate how this reaction occurs.
The mechanism for the reaction of pent-2-one with methoxide. In all three boxes add lone pair electrons and nonzero formal charges for the given species is attached below in image.
What is methoxide ?Methoxides are organic salts having a CH3O anion in organic chemistry. These alkoxides are the most basic. Although other metal-cation compounds including lithium, rubidium, and caesium methoxide exist, sodium and potassium methoxide are the most commonly used.
In order to create a poly ether with a high molecular weight, it is utilized as an initiator of an anionic addition polymerization with ethylene oxide. Both sodium methoxide and its potassium-prepared equivalent are routinely employed as catalysts in the synthesis of biodiesel on a large scale.
Thus, The mechanism for the reaction of pent-2-one with methoxide. In all three boxes add lone pair electrons and nonzero formal charges for the given species is attached below in image.
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Which is about the effect of the angle of insolation on the amount of heat a material absorbs?
The angle of insolation has the effect that the more the angle of insolation, the more the amount of heat absorbed by a material.
The impact of the insolation angle on the heat absorption rate of a substance can be explained by the following factors that affect how much sunlight is absorbed on Earth's surface:
The soil will be warmer because it will catch more direct light if somehow the angle of insolation is higher.The sun's rays' insolation angle is the angle at which the rays strike a specific spot on Earth.The elevation of the sun in the sky in reference to the observer is referred to as the angle of insolation. Angles of insolation start at 0 degrees.The Earth orbits the sun in an elliptical route rather than a perfect circle, thus some seasons of the year see Earth closer to the sun than others.The angle of insolation of the earth's axis: The earth's axis is inclined by 66 [tex]\frac{1}{2}[/tex] degrees with respect to its orbital plane.Read more about the Angle of insolation from:
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Answer: B and E
Explanation: I just did it
When 100 g of sugar is dissolved in 100 mL of water there is no increase in volume what characteristic of matter is illustrated by this observation?
As the volume is expanded, it implies that the liquid's liquid particles have characteristics of having vast intermolecular gaps (water). Liquid water has open spaces between its particles, which are not securely connected.
For what purposes is dissolved?Traditionally, pictures that connect two scenes together are transitioned between using the dissolve editing technique. A dissolve is a progressive change from one image to the next as opposed to a direct cut from one shot to the next.
In what is water dissolved?Water allows substances to dissolve, including salt, sugar, and coffee. These things dissolve. Warm or hot water typically helps them dissolve more quickly and more effectively. Sand and pepper are soluble in hot water, but not at room temperature.
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caffeine lewis structure
Answer:
Explanation:
Caffeine has a structure similar to purine. It is made of eight carbon, ten hydrogen, four nitrogen, and two oxygen atoms. Its chemical formula is C8H10N4O2.
What is Lewis dot structures give example?
Lewis dot structure is a representation of the valence shell electrons in a molecule.
The Lewis dot structure is a very simplified representation of the valence shell electrons in a molecule. It is used to show how the electrons are arranged around individual atoms in a molecule. Electrons are shown as "dots" or for bonding electrons as a line between the two atoms. The goal is to obtain the electron configuration that is the octet rule and formal charges need to be satisfied. No Lewis structure is complete without the formal charges. the formal charges should match the electronegativity of the atom that is negative charges should be on the more electronegative atoms and positive charges on the least electronegative atoms if possible.
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What Is The Total Number Of Valence Electrons In The Lewis Structure Of AsO2-? Draw Thew Lewish Structure Of AsO2-
The total number of valence electrons in the lewis structure of AsO₂⁻ is 18. The structure is attached.
We are aware that the valence electron count for As is five, while the valence electron count for oxygen is six. We can also observe that AsO₂ has a negative charge, hence the total number of valence electrons in AsO₂ is equal to the sum of all these electrons.
The total number of e⁻ in AsO₂ = 5 + 2 × 6 + 1
The total number of e⁻ in AsO₂ = 5 + 12 + 1
The total number of e⁻ in AsO₂ = 18
The lewis structure is attached.
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Choose the best Lewis structure for SF_4. Choose the best Lewis structure for CH_2Cl_2.
The best Lewis structure for SF₄ is option A. Choose the best Lewis structure for CH₂Cl₂ is B. T structure attached bellow.
The chemical SF₄ stands for sulfur tetraflouride. It contains 34 valence electrons in total and a formal charge of 0.
The molecule has a trigonal bipyramidal electron geometry since the core element is sulfur in an sp³d hybridization state. It has a see-saw chemical shape because it is a molecule of sort AX₄E.
The graphic affixed to this response depicts the molecule's structure.
In the Lewis structure of CH₂Cl₂, eight electrons are shared. The C atom shares two electrons with each of the H and Cl atoms.
Your question is incomplete but most probably your full question was attached below
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lewis structure of pof3
Answer:
Explanation:
The shape of POF3 lewis structure is tetrahedral. The valency of P can extend up to 5. The central atom is connected to 4 atoms that are arranged in a tetrahedral fashion to avoid repulsion among the bonding pairs. There is also a double bond between P and O and 3 single bonds between P and F.