The present equivalent of energy savings is $88,000 and since the amount is less than the cost of insulation, the cost of insulation is not justified.
What are equivalent energy savings?Energy Efficiency on a par Measure refers to decreases in the use of fossil fuels other than natural gas or the use of other energy sources not derived from fossil fuels that are equivalent to decreases in the consumption of natural gas or electricity.Energy conservation measures include turning off the lights when leaving a room, unplugging appliances when not in use, and choosing to walk rather than drive. Gaining more control over their energy bill and lowering the demand for the planet's natural resources are the two main motivations for energy conservation.According to our question -
the cost of installation is $90,000. the life of insulation is 7 years.
the interest rate, r is 0.18.
the cash flow series of energy savings is a geometric cash flow series. where the first cash flow , A is $16,000 and the geometric gradient is 0.15
The present equivalent of energy savings is given by:
P = A[(1+(1+g)^n(1+i)^-n)/(i-g)]
= (16000)[(1+(1+0.15)^7(1+0.18)^-7)/(0.18-0.15)]
= $88,000
Hence, The present equivalent of energy savings is $88,000 and since the amount is less than the cost of insulation, the cost of insulation is not justified.
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What is a legitimate looking, socially engineered email attempting to deceptively gain private information?.
Phishing is a legitimate-looking, socially engineered email attempting to deceptively gain private information.
Phishing is a form of social engineering in which an attacker sends a fraudulent (e.g., spoofed, fake, or otherwise misleading) message designed to trick someone into revealing touchy information. Phishing assaults have ended up more and more sophisticated and frequently transparently replicate the web page is focused, permitting the attacker to observe the entirety whilst the victim is navigating the website, and transverse any additional protection boundaries with the sufferer. As of 2020, phishing is by far the maximum not unusual assault performed by cybercriminals, with the FBI's net Crime criticism Centre recording over twice as many incidents of phishing as other kinds of laptop crime.
The primary recorded use of the time period "phishing" changed in the cracking toolkit AOHell created through Koceilah Rekouche in 1995; but, it is possible that the term changed into used before this in a print edition of the hacker magazine 2600. The phrase is a variation of fishing, inspired via phreaking, and alludes to the use of more and more state-of-the-art lures to "fish" for customers' touchy information.
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what are some of the challenges facing educational policy in texas?
The challenges facing educational policy in texas
low levels of per-student spending-high dropout rates-relatively high levels of economically disadvantaged high-risk students.Education policy consists of the principles and policies that affect the field of education and the body of laws and regulations that govern the operation of the education system.
Education policy analysis is the scientific investigation of education policy. The National Curriculum was introduced from his age of 5 until he was 16, after which the public schools were introduced. English, Mathematics and Science were introduced as three core subjects expected to occupy 30-40% of class time. In addition, seven basic subjects were introduced and made compulsory.Learn more about educational policy here: https://brainly.com/question/25887038
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Please choose the statement that is incorrect regarding portfolio and passive investments?
a. Losses from passive investments not subject to at-risk limits will be deducted at ordinary rates.
b. Losses from portfolio investments are deductible in full against ordinary income.
c. Losses from passive investments may be deducted immediately or they may have to be deferred.
d. Losses from portfolio investments are deferred until the investment is sold.
C. Losses from portfolio investments are deductible in full against ordinary income is the statement that is incorrect regarding portfolio and passive investments.
Investment is the dedication of cash to buy of an asset to obtain an boom in fee over a period of time. funding requires a sacrifice of a few present asset, along with time, money, or effort. In finance, the motive of investing is to generate a return from the invested asset.
Investment is an asset that is obtained with the anticipation of generating earnings or profit or rate appreciation. The advantage derived from the investment is known as a return. chance and returns are at once proportional (i.e.) better the hazard, better are the returns.
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suppose that an increase in the price of a good leads to an increase in total revenue. ignoring other factors (like supply), at its current price the good must be: question 5 options: a) perfectly price-elastic. b) price-inelastic. c) inferior. d) price-elastic.
Suppose that an increase in the price of a good leads to an increase in total revenue. ignoring other factors , at its current price the good must be price inelastic. The correct answer would be option B.
Elastic items are typically necessary when suitable alternatives are unavailable. Utilities, prescription medications and tobacco products have the most prevalent inelastic demand among all goods. Because demand for these products is continuous regardless of price changes, businesses who sell them can be more flexible with pricing.
Utilities, prescription medications, and tobacco products have the most prevalent inelastic demand among all goods. In general, luxury products tend to be the most elastic, whereas basics like food and medicine tend to be inelastic.
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determining periodic earnings and financial position depends on measuring economic resources and obligations and changes in them as these changes occur. this explanation pertains to
This explanation pertains to accrual accounting
What is accrual accounting?
According to the accrual accounting technique, revenue or expenses are recorded when a transaction takes place rather than when a payment is paid or received. The matching principle, which states that revenues and expenses should be recognized in the same period, is followed by the approach.In the world of finance, an accrual is the accumulation of interest or various investments over time.When a transaction takes place or a payment is made, accountants use the accrual accounting method to record revenue and/or expenses. Sales made on credit, purchases made on credit, rent paid, utility costs, depreciation, audit fees, and other similar items are some of the most typical examples of accrual accounting.To learn more about accrual accounting refer to:
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The ________ role involves managers making decisions about who gets what, how much, when, and why.
Managers that play the resource allocator position decide who gets what, how much, when, and why.
Describe the resource allocator.The practice of assigning and managing resources in a way that meets an organization's strategic planning objectives is known as resource allocation. Allocating resources involves managing hard assets like hardware to maximize the usage of soft assets like human capital.
In order to maximize the use of scarce resources and obtain the maximum return on investment, resource allocation entails balancing competing requirements and priorities.
Prior to allocating resources, firms must decide on their desired outcome, such as higher income, increased productivity, or improved brand awareness. The next step is to determine what resources will be required to achieve that aim.
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on april 1st, bob the builder entered into a contract of one-month duration to build a barn for nolan. bob is guaranteed to receive a base fee of $5,000 for his services in addition to a bonus depending on when the project is completed. nolan created incentives for bob to finish the barn as soon as he can without jeopardizing the structural integrity of the barn. nolan offered to pay an additional 30% of the base fee if the project finished 2 weeks early and 10% if the project finished a week early. the probability of finishing 2 weeks early is 30% and the probability of finishing a week early is 60%.
The expected transaction price with the variable consideration estimated as the expected value is $6,097
Now
At Normal Duration,
Total Pay = Pay x Probability = $5,200 x 1 = $5200
At finish 2 wks early (25% variable consideration),
additional pay = $5,200 x 25%
= $5,200 x 0.25
= $1,300
Total pay (at 25% probability) = $1,300 x 0.25 = $325
At finish 1 wk early (20% variable consideration)
Additional pay = $5,200 x 20%
= $5,200 x 0.20
= $1,040
Total pay (at 55% probability) = $1,040 x 0.55 = $572
At the finish (10% variable consideration)
Additional pay = $5,200 x 10%
= $5,200 x 0.1
= $520
Total pay (at 0% probability) = $520 x 0 = $0
Hence,
the expected transaction price with the variable consideration estimated as the expected value
Grand total = $5,200 + $325 + $572 + 0
= $6,097.
The transaction price is the amount of payment an entity is expected to be entitled to in exchange for the delivery of promised goods or services to a customer, excluding receipts on behalf of a third party (e.g. e.g. certain sales taxes).
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The notion that workers tend to show an increase in performance when they know that they are being observed is called the ________ effect.
The notion that workers tend to show an increase in performance when they know that they are being observed is called the Hawthorne effect.
The Hawthorne effect is the idea that people often perform better when they are aware that they are being watched.
The Hawthorne effect is a form of reaction in which people alter a behavior pattern in reaction to being conscious of being watched. The impact was identified during study at the Hawthorne Western Electric facility, however other academics believe the accounts are fictitious.
According to the impact, employees frequently adjust their conduct at work in reaction to the attention they receive from their manager. The Chicago suburb of Hawthorne (now known as Cicero), where industrial trials were conducted in the 1920s and 1930s, is where the Hawthorne Effect got its name.
An illustration of the Hawthorne effect:
According to a research on the topic, medical staff members were 55% more likely to wash their hands when they were aware that observers were watching them than when they weren't.
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If you lose your job in this country, you can claim unemployment and collect money to help you until you can find another job. This is because of economic
security
freedom
equity
growth
(I couldn’t find economics lol)
This is because of economic "Economic Security".
Economic security is characterized as a person's, family's, or alternately local area's capacity to meet their essential requirements in a feasible and honorable way. This shifts relying upon a person's actual prerequisites, the general climate, and social standards.
When a person is able and eager to work, but they are not employed, they are considered to be unemployed. A person's percentage of the labour force who is jobless is known as the unemployment rate. Consequently, knowing who is employed is necessary to calculate the unemployment rate.
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robert needs to prepare a process report for top level managers. he understands that the audience will be short on time. he should
Robert needs to prepare a process report for top level managers. he understands that the audience will be short on time. he should add headings and subheadings
What are heading and subheadings?Content is organized using headings and subheadings to help readers. A heading or subheading introduces the material that will follow at the top of a page or section. Avoid writing headings in all capital letters, such as "THIS IS A HEADING." Find out more about this and other rules by readingYou can find the chart in the "Financial Matters" chapter under the title "Mortgages and Loans." The newspaper headline read "House burns down on Elm Street" with the subheading "Arson suspected."Question headers are one of three heading types. sentence headings subject headingsTo learn more about heading and subheadings refer to:
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Eloisa is a high school student with a high need for achievement. Which of the following is most likely to be true of Eloisa? a. She has a desire to be influential in a group. b. She has a need to control her environment. c. She has a desire to assume personal responsibility. d. She has a need for safety and security. e. She has a desire for companionship.
Eloisa is high school student with high need for achievement. She has a desire to assume personal responsibility. The appropriate response is option C.
What is personal responsibility?When you fully accept responsibility for your actions, decisions, thoughts, and more, you are exhibiting personal responsibility. When you accept responsibility for your actions, there is less place for finger-pointing and you have better control over your life.
Being self-aware means being self-responsible. Personal responsibility can also be defined as being conscious of and accepting social norms for behavior. There is no one else to blame except yourself if you don't comply. Personal responsibility essentially empowers you to take charge of your decisions and your perception of reality.
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which of the following shifts aggregate demand to the left? group of answer choices an increase in the price level. households decide to save a larger fraction of their income. an increase in net exports. congress passes a new investment tax credit.
Answer:
if each taxpayer paid the same lump-sum amount regardless of income level, the tax system would be: group of answer choices regressive. proportional. disproportionate. progressive.
scenario 25-1 first national bank first national bank has $80 million in checkable deposits, $15 million in deposits with the federal reserve, $5 million cash in the bank vault and $5 million in government bonds. use scenario 25-1. consider the information for first national bank. if the minimum reserve ratio is 20%, what are the excess reserves available for the bank to lend?
For the first national bank, total excess reserves available for lending are $16 million.
Define the term excess reserves?Capital reserves stored in order to be able by regulators, clients, or internal controls are known as excess reserves by a bank or a financial institution.
Excess reserves for commercial banks are compared to standard capital requirements amounts established by central banking regulators. The minimum liquid deposits (including such cash) that must be held in reserve at a bank are determined by these required reserve ratios; anything above that is deemed excess.This rate, which was raised to 0.5% from December 17, 2015, following nearly a decade with lower bound interest rates, can only be altered by the Federal Reserve.For the given question;
Total checkable deposits for national bank = $80 million.
Minimum reserve ratio is 20%
Thus, 20% of 80 million
= 20 x 80 / 100
= 16 million
Thus, for the first national bank, total excess reserves available for lending are $16 million.
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queens city has outstanding $5 million in general obligation term bonds used to finance the construction of the new city library. sue city has a june 30 fiscal year-end. interest at 12% is payable each january 1 and july 1. the principal of the bonds is due 10 years in the future. the city budgeted the july 1, 2020 interest payment in the budget for the fiscal year ended june 30, 2020. on june 30, cash was transferred from the general fund to the debt service fund to make the required payment. the maximum amount of interest payable that may be included on the balance sheet of the debt service fund of sue city at june 30 would be 150k 0k 300k 3k
The maximum amount of interest payable that may be included on the balance sheet of the debt service fund of sue city on June 30 would be 150k.
the maximum amount of interest payable on the balance sheet = 5000000×6%/2 = 150000
In finance and economics, interest is payment from a borrower or deposit-taking economic group to a lender or depositor of a quantity above compensation of the major sum (this is, the amount borrowed), at a particular rate. it's miles awesome from a charge that the borrower may additionally pay the lender or some 0.33 celebration. it is also wonderful from a dividend that is paid with the aid of an enterprise to its shareholders (proprietors) from its income or reserve, but no longer at a selected price decided beforehand, alternatively on a pro-rata foundation as a percentage within the praise gained through hazard taking marketers whilst the sales earned exceeds the whole fees.
As an example, a patron might generally pay interest to borrow from a financial institution, so they pay the financial institution a quantity that is more than the amount they borrowed, or a customer can also earn interest on their savings, and so they'll withdraw greater than they at first deposited. In the case of financial savings, the customer is the lender, and the financial institution performs the role of the borrower.
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One explanation of the business cycle is that it's caused by changes in business investment, residential construction,
or government spending. If this explanation is correct, how can you use it to determine whether it is a good time or
bad time to buy stocks in the stock market?
The variations of the economy between times of expansion (growth) and contraction are referred to as the "business cycle" (recession). The present stage of the business cycle can be determined using variables like gross domestic product (GDP), rate of interest, employment levels, and consumer expenditure.
What is business cycle:
Business cycles are one type of variation that can occur in a nation's total economic activity. Broad-based economic growth expansions that almost coincide with one another are followed by broad-based economic activity contractions to form a business cycle (recessions). This set of changes happens periodically but not repeatedly.
During business cycles, economic activity experiences periods of expansion and then decline. Both the general welfare of society and the welfare of private institutions are affected by these changes.
The repeated economic shifts that occur in a nation over time are referred to as business cycles. It can be recognized by changes in the GDP and other macroeconomic indicators. The business cycle has four distinct phases: expansion, peak, recession, and trough.
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question mode multiple choice question jeremy's boss told him that if production costs were brought down by 15% by the end of the year, they would be able to bring costs down for consumers. which type of strategy is jeremy's boss suggesting?
Jeremy's boss is suggesting low cost strategy.
A low cost plan is a kind of pricing strategy where the business sells its goods for a low cost. This tactic aids in increasing market share and stimulating demand. The business can lower costs by improving efficiency, utilizing economies of scale, or purchasing raw materials at a discount.
For instance, several domestic airlines adopt the low cost strategy, offering tickets for incredibly low prices to attract passengers and first-timers. This was made possible by frequenting the routes, providing a no-frills flying experience and increasing the number of seats every trip. As a result, more individuals were able to fly in a variety of sectors thanks to several airlines cutting costs and generally lowering ticket rates.
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How does the federal reserve affect the supply of money using open market operations?.
When the federal reserve sells securities, it depletes the money supply by removing funds from banks.
What is a security?An asset that can be traded is a security. However, depending on the jurisdiction, the term's legal definition can refer to any type of financial instrument. Even if the underlying legal and regulatory framework may not have such a broad definition, people frequently use the term "security" to refer to any type of financial instrument in some nations and languages. The term "financial instruments" in some jurisdictions expressly excludes financial products other than stocks and fixed-income securities. Certain products that are similar to equities and fixed income, such as equity warrants, are included in some countries. Securities may be represented by a certificate, but more frequently they will be "non-certificated," which means they will be in electronic (dematerialized) or "book entry only" form.
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horatio and maria are married and have three children. horatio is self-employed and pays health insurance premiums for himself and his family. which of the following situations would disqualify part or all of the premium costs from being deductible for agi?
If Horatio's health insurance policy covers only himself and not his family, then the premium costs would not be deductible for AGI.
If Horatio is enrolled in a government health insurance program, such as Medicare or Medicaid, then the premium costs would not be deductible for AGI. If Horatio's health insurance policy is provided through his spouse's employer, then the premium costs would be deductible for AGI.
The health insurance policy:The health insurance policy is a very important aspect of one's life. It is a safeguard against the high costs of medical care. It is also a way to have peace of mind, knowing that one is covered in case of an accident or illness.
There are many different types of health insurance policies available, and it is important to choose the one that best suits one's needs. Some policies cover only the basics, while others offer more comprehensive coverage. Some policies have deductibles, while others do not.
The premium costs of a health insurance policy can be deductible for AGI, depending on the type of policy and the situation of the policyholder. If a policyholder is self-employed and pays health insurance premiums for himself and his family, the premium costs may be deductible for AGI. However, if a policyholder is enrolled in a government health insurance program, such as Medicare or Medicaid, the premium costs may not be deductible for AGI.
The missing options: -Horatio's health insurance policy covers only himself, not his family.-Horatio is enrolled in a government health insurance program, such as Medicare or Medicaid.-Horatio's health insurance policy is provided through his spouse's employer.Learn more about the health insurance policy:
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if $29,227 in fixed costs will be eliminated by dropping the leashes line, how will total operating income be affected after the leashes line is dropped? if income drops, use a negative sign in front of the number.
The net effect on dropping the leashes line on net income will be
- $45,773.
Given that,
Loss of Contribution = $75,000
Fixed costs will be eliminated by dropping the leashes line = $29,227
Net loss on dropping the leashes line:
= Loss of contribution - Gain on fixed costs on dropping leashes line
= $75,000 - $29,227
= - $45,773
Therefore, the net effect on dropping the leashes line on net income is $(45,773).
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a joint venture is insured on a commercial general liability policy written on the claims-made form. which of the following would not reduce the policy's general aggregate limit? A. The per occurrence limit
B. The general aggregate limit
C. The coverage trigger
D. The occurrence date
A joint venture is insured on a commercial general liability policy written on the claims-made form. The general aggregate limit would not reduce the policy's general aggregate limit .
What is The general aggregate limit ?
The general aggregate limit refers to the total sum that insurance providers will pay for losses that are covered during the term of the policy. You'll be responsible for the costs if another claim is made after you've reached the limit but before the end of the policy period.What does commercial general liability's general aggregate mean?
The general aggregate is the most money that will be paid out under a liability insurance policy for a specific policy term. Contrary to a per-occurrence limit, which caps the amount per claim, a general aggregate limit can be reached by as few as two claims or as many as fifty claims, or any number in between.Learn more about The general aggregate limit
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vehicle assembly inc. operates a plant near the border between the united states and mexico. due to the location, it would be easier for the company to employ noncitizens. in this circumstance, it is legal for a u.s. employer to
Even if Vehicle Assembly Inc. operates a plant near the border between the united states and Mexico, and wants to hire an individual not authorized to work in the US, or a current foreign student, they should ensure that they meet specific conditions to get visas for their employees, which differ according to length and purpose.
Due to the location of the Vehicle Assembly factory close to the Mexican border, it is unlawful for a U.S. company to hire, retain, or recommend anyone who does not have the proper documentation to work in the U.S. The law's wrath will fall on both the employer and the undocumented workers.
Contracts are legal obligations that contain promises. State common law primarily governs contract law, and while broad contract law is prevalent nationwide, different state courts may have different interpretations of particular contract clauses.
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question 5 a company defines a problem it wants to solve. then, a data analyst gathers relevant data, analyzes it, and uses it to draw conclusions. the analyst shares their analysis with subject-matter experts, who validate the findings. finally, a plan is put into action. what does this scenario describe?
The subject matter expert use the Data-driven decision-making to validate the findings from the analyst shared analysis.
This company has set data at the heart of its business plan in order to attain data- driven decision- making.
Data - driven decision making :
The practise of operating data to support your decision- making and support an action plan before achieving to it's known as data- driven decision- making, or DDDM. Identify the features, services, and works that customers demand through collecting survey data. To reveal any possible issues that bear to be determined before to a concluding release, user testing should be operated to determine how customers are likely to use a work or service.
What kind of problems do data analyst work?Data analysts generally work with subsisting data to solve sketched business problems. Data scientists make new algorithms and models to make prognostications about the future.
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from the perspective of a major aerospace firm based in the united states, what is not a potential benefit your company might gain from forming a joint venture with a chinese partner?
Loss of get entry to to specialized information of the associate is now no longer a capability gain your employer may advantage from forming a joint challenge with a Chinese associate.
The required details for joint venture in given paragraph
A joint challenge is a shape of cooperation among agencies. The legislator has in large part left the joint challenge unregulated, in order that little has been laid down in legal guidelines and regulations. It is an settlement among events wherein there are numerous alternatives for shaping the collaboration, along with a confined liability or personal employer , a confined partnership or general partnership . In a joint challenge, the events consciously pick now no longer to head collectively on the way to preserve their personal identification. In the case of a merger , the personal identification is given up. A joint challenge is regularly installation for a unique project. It isn't a long-time period enterprise connection among or extra events (strategic alliance ). As a result, a joint challenge is exceptionally touchy to conflicts among the underlying events.
Some international locations require overseas agencies that need to penetrate their markets to go into right into a joint challenge with a nearby employer. This requirement is regularly dictated with the aid of using the switch of expertise and era and to permit the nearby employer to preserve manipulate over the collaboration.
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Employee: "my sales volume has increased from 50 units a day to 62. That is a __________ increase. ".
Employee: "my sales volume has increased from 50 units a day to 62. That is a variable costs increase.
What does increasing sales volume mean?Employee: "my sales volume has increased from 50 units a day to 62. That is a variable costs increase.Selling more units of a product results in an increase in sales volume.So be sure to be well familiar with your items.One of these is having a thorough understanding of the salient points so you know what to emphasis.Knowing the Unique Selling Proposition (USP) of your goods might help you stand out from the competition. Your variable costs rise along with your sales.Your variable costs decline as your sales decline.If you change your sales price, it must be high enough to cover both your fixed and variable costs in order to break even.
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a small business owner has created a linear regression model to predict the number of new customers who will visit a shop based on the number of times the owner has an advertisement played on the radio. what is the explanatory variable and what is the response variable? responses explanatory: number of new customers; response: number of times the advertisement is played explanatory: number of new customers; response: number of times the advertisement is played explanatory: number of times the advertisement is played; response: number of new customers explanatory: number of times the advertisement is played; response: number of new customers explanatory: number of times the advertisement is played; response: number of purchases made by customers explanatory: number of times the advertisement is played; response: number of purchases made by customers explanatory: number of purchases made by customers; response: number of times the advertisement is played explanatory: number of purchases made by customers; response: number of times the advertisement is played explanatory: number of previous customers; response: number of new customers
Explanatory variable is number of times the advertisement is played and response variable is number of new customers.
What are explanatory variables?
A response variable is what changes as a result of an explanatory variable being changed (for example, caffeine dose) (e.g., reaction times). Other phrases used in research, such as "explanatory variable" and "response variable," are sometimes interchangeable with these two meanings.What role does the explanatory variable play?
One variable may be used to forecast or account for variations in another variable in some research projects. In those circumstances, the explanatory variable is utilized to forecast or account for variations in the response variable. The explanatory variable in an experimental study is the variable that the researcher manipulates.Learn more about explanatory variables
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explain each of the following steps in risk evaluation and remediation. risk identification risk evaluation for chance of occurrence risk evaluation for impact if the risk takes place. the four types of risk remediation, what is a project risk owner, what is a risk threshold. what is a risk matrix
The level of risk is determined by comparing the categories of probability or likelihood and consequence severity in a risk matrix, which is utilized during risk assessment.
What is a risk matrix?A risk matrix is a matrix that is used in risk assessment to establish the level of risk by balancing the likelihood or probability of an event versus the seriousness of the consequences. The management decision-making process will be aided by this straightforward mechanism for increasing risk visibility. The uncertainty surrounding a decision's outcome is known as risk. According to statistics, one can determine the degree of downside risk by multiplying the likelihood that harm will occur by the seriousness of that harm. When estimating probability or harm severity but being unable to do so precisely, the risk matrix is a useful tool.
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many buyers are buying up these old, low priced homes and bulldozing them down. they are then building new $500,000 homes on the sites. this is an indication of what principle of value?
Many buyers are buying up these old, low priced homes and bulldozing them down. Afterward, they are erecting brand-new $500,000 houses on the plots. This is an indication of Highest and best use.
What are low priced homes ?
Rat-trap bond for walling avoids the excessive use of bricks and cement in building, in contrast to conventional methods. It follows that a typical 9-inch wall is constructed with undetectable vertical voids. This reduces brick and mortar use by 20%. The chambers offer good thermal and acoustic insulation, reducing temperature differences between the inside and outside by up to two degrees. Putting electrical conduits through cavities also reduces expenses over time. Bricks, Mangalore tiles, coconut shells, or moulds are used as filler materials to reduce the stress in the concrete used for the roof. When compared to open foundations, using arch foundations, pile foundations, or column foundations can reduce costs by 40%, 25%, and 18%, respectively. Because there is less need for steel, there is also less need for concrete mass.
So, the required answer is highest and best use.
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bond j has a coupon of 7.4 percent. bond k has a coupon of 11.4 percent. both bonds have 12 years to maturity and have a ytm of 7.8 percent. a. if interest rates suddenly rise by 2 percent, what is the percentage price change of these bonds?
If interest rates unexpectedly increase by 2%, Bonds A and B will see price changes of (-0.14%) and 0%, respectively.
The present value of all upcoming cash inflows, such as coupon payments and the par value, is used to determine a bond's projected value. The yield to maturity of the bond and its value are inversely correlated. The value of the bond will decrease if the yield on the bond rises, and vice versa.
Bond A:
Par = $1,000
Coupon rate = 7.4%
PMT = $1,000 x 7.4% = $74
Price = $1,000
N = 12
Bond B:
Par = $1,000
Coupon rate = 11.4%
PMT = $1,000 x 11.4% = $114
Price = $1,000
N = 12
The price of the two bonds in this instance is equal to their par value, which means that the 7.4% and 11.1% coupon rates and the bond's yield to maturity are the same.
Bonds A and B's prices will vary by a certain proportion when interest rates go up by 2%:
Bond A:
YTM = 7.4% + 2% = 9.4%
[tex]New Price = PMT * \frac{1 - (1 +N)^{-N} }{I} \frac{Par}{(1 + I)^{N} }[/tex]
[tex]New Price = 74 * \frac{1 - (1 +0.094)^{-12} }{0.094} \frac{1000}{(1 + 0.094)^{12} }[/tex]
Therefore, New Price for Bond A = $860
Now percentage change in price = (New Price / Initial Price) - 1
Percentage Change = (860 / 1000) - 1
Therefore the percentage change = -0.14%
Bond B:
YTM = 11.4% + 2% = 13.4%
[tex]New Price = PMT * \frac{1 - (1 +N)^{-N} }{I} \frac{Par}{(1 + I)^{N} }[/tex]
[tex]New Price = 114 * \frac{1 - (1 +0.114)^{-12} }{0.114} \frac{1000}{(1 + 0.114)^{12} }[/tex]
Therefore, New Price for Bond B = $1000
Now percentage change in price = (New Price / Initial Price) - 1
Percentage Change = (1000 / 1000) - 1
Therefore the percentage change = 0%
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Evidence shows that the quantity equation is correct over the long run, which implies that the.
Growth rate of the money supply determines the rate of inflation is correct answer of above question.
What Is Inflation, Exactly?The progressive decline in purchasing power is what is meant by price increases, or inflation. A proxy for the rate at which purchasing power dwindles is the average price increase of a sample of goods and services over time. The increase in price, which is frequently expressed as a percentage, results in a unit of currency effectively buying less. In contrast to inflation, deflation occurs when prices drop while purchasing power increases.
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considering the differences between investment banks, commercial banks, and retail banks, it is safe to assume that income from investment management is more stable than income from underwriting or trading activities.
True, it is reasonable to believe that income from investment management is more stable than income from underwriting or trading operations given the distinctions between investment banks, commercial banks, and retail banks.
Commercial banks serve a wide range of clients, including the general public and businesses, by accepting deposits, disbursing loans, protecting assets, and working with them.
Investment banks are financial institutions that perform a variety of tasks, including underwriting, assisting companies with the issuance of equity and debt securities through initial public offerings (IPOs) or fixed-price offerings (FPOs), facilitating mergers and acquisitions (M&As) on both the buy-side and sell-side of the deal, corporate restructuring, and many other tasks.
Investment management, often referred to as asset management, fund management, or portfolio management, is the process of guiding private or institutional investors to appropriate investment opportunities that will support the achievement of their growth goals. High-Net-Worth Individuals are typically those who consult investment consultants or asset managers (HNIs). An asset manager's job is to offer support while investing in a variety of instruments, including hedge funds, fixed-income securities, real estate, and shares. Some prefer to refer to it as the "buy-side," as asset managers are expected to purchase investment goods in accordance with their client's needs for wealth growth.
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