The patient's bone marrow function is severely compromised, which would make it inappropriate to utilize cyclophosphamide to treat leukemia.
The bone marrow function of the patient's condition would contraindicate the use of cyclophosphamide for the treatment of leukemia as a reduction in bone marrow activity, also known as bone marrow suppression, results in a decrease in the synthesis of blood cells. The generation of a regular volume of blood is crucial for the treatment of this ailment, there may be a risk factor.
The treatment of Hodgkin lymphoma, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, acute and long-term lymphocytic leukemia, chronic and acute myeloid leukemia, myeloma, & mycosis fungoides with cyclophosphamide is authorized by the FDA. Usually, cyclophosphamide is taken in conjunction with other medications.
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the newborn is jaundiced and is receiving phototherapy. what assessment should the nurse report to the provider when caring for a newborn with hyperbilirubinemia and receiving phototherapy?
Frequent feeding-It is important for babies receiving phototherapy to drink adequate fluids (ideally breast milk) since bilirubin is excreted in urine and stool. Breastfeeding should continue during phototherapy.
Use of oral glucose water is not necessary. In babies with serious dehydration, intravenous (IV) fluids may be necessary to correct the loss of fluid.
what is jaundice?
In medicine, a yellowish hue on the skin is referred to as jaundice. A chemical called bilirubin, which is naturally produced by the body, is what gives things their yellow hue. The yellow hue is caused by bilirubin accumulation in the skin of infants who have "hyperbilirubinemia," a disorder marked by elevated blood levels of bilirubin.
Exchange transfusion — Exchange transfusion is an emergency, life-saving procedure that is sometimes necessary to rapidly decrease bilirubin levels.
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dental students healed more slowly from punch wounds received three days prior to a major exam than from punch wounds received during their summer vacation. the slower healing prior to a major exam is best explained by the students' temporarily reduced release of
The slower healing prior to a major exam is best explained by the students' temporarily reduced release of Lymphocytes.
The majority of childhood tooth injuries, which affect close to 50% of children, are preventable. Mouth injuries are also rather typical. After a fall, car accident, sports injury, or fight, tooth and mouth injuries are common.
The majority of the time, mouth and tooth injuries are not fatal. Rarely can a child experience life-threatening problems. The child's appearance and self-confidence may potentially suffer long-term repercussions from dental and mouth injuries.
This item will go over the most frequent causes, assessments, and treatments for tooth and mouth injuries, as well as when to get help from a doctor.
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a child is brought to the emergency department, and diagnostic x-rays of the child reveal that a fracture is present. the mother states that the child was rollerblading and attempted to break a fall with an outstretched arm. a plaster of paris cast is applied to the arm. which instructions should the nurse provide the mother? select all that apply.
A plaster of Paris cast is applied to the arm of the child, the nurse provided some basic instruction to the mother to maintain the cast on the arm of a child.
What is Paris cast?
White powdery slightly hydrated calcium sulfate CaSO4·¹/₂H2O or 2CaSO4·H2O that is made by calcining gypsum forms a quick-setting paste with water and is used in medicine chiefly in casts and for surgical bandages.
Compared to synthetic cast material, the plaster of Paris is heavier. It is less expensive than a synthetic cast and quickly molds to the extremities. Normally, it takes 24 hours for the cast to dry, although the length of time may vary depending on the size of the cast. When wet, the plaster of Paris loses its water resistance and starts to crumble. On the first day, while the cast is molding to the arm, it should be raised on a cushion to reduce swelling. The child's fingers must move freely during the casting process since the extremity keeps swelling. The youngster has enough mobility if they can move their fingers.
Hence, the nurse has provided four instructions to the mother:
Keep the cast elevated on pillows for the first day. Make sure that the child can frequently wiggle the fingers.The cast will mold to the body part.The cast needs to be kept dry because it will begin to disintegrate when wet.To learn more about the plaster and Paris the link is given below:
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When a client with a history of chronic myelogenous leukemia and splenomegaly is admitted to the hospital, which finding will the nurse expect during the assessment?
A nurse is caring for a client with a history of chronic myelogenous leukemia and splenomegaly. The nurse will expect this finding: a tender mass in the left upper abdomen.
What are chronic myelogenous leukemia and splenomegaly?Chronic myelogenous leukemia or CML is a bone marrow cancer that appears as the spongy tissue inside bones where the blood cells are made. This spongy tissue affects the number of white blood cells in the patient’s blood. Meanwhile, splenomegaly is a condition where the spleen is enlarged due to different issues. In this context, the client has had splenomegaly because of chronic myelogenous leukemia.
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which describes what has been identified by public health experts as the number one priority in rural areas?
The number one priority in rural areas describe by the public health experts is about access to health care.
The majority of rural health care leaders (73%) named access to healthcare as their top priority. Although they are significant, having access to good-paying jobs, telecommunications, and education has not been deemed the top need in rural areas.
what is health care?
Healthcare is defined as actions taken, particularly by qualified and certified experts, to preserve or restore one's physical, mental, or emotional well-being. used with a hyphen while being attributed.
The main goal of health care is to improve health in order to improve quality of life. Commercial firms focus on making a profit in order to keep their value and remain operational. Health care must put social profit generation first if it is to fulfill its responsibility to society.
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to check for arterial insufficiency when a client is in a supine position, the nurse should elevate the extremity at a 45-degree angle and then have the client sit up. the nurse suspects arterial insufficiency if the assessment reveals:
The nurse suspects arterial insufficiency if the assessment reveals dependent pallor.
What is dependent pallor with explanation?Elevating the limb could reveal a pallor due to poor circulation if arterial insufficiency is present. The presence of rubor and longer venous filling times would indicate venous issues brought on by venous entrapment and ineffective valves.Pallor upon elevation and rubor upon dependence in patients are frequently the first signs of vascular insufficiency. Remember that the time it typically takes for blood to return to the dependent extremity after elevation is less than 20 seconds.An erythematous darkening of the limbs known as dependent erythema or rubor is most frequently linked to peripheral vascular disease. We describe a case of florid dependent erythema that was also accompanied by other autonomic symptoms.To learn more about pallor refer to:
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the nurse is caring for a postpartum client with a diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis who is receiving a continuous intravenous infusion of heparin sodium. review of which laboratory result is the most important by the nurse?
The nurse should perform a general medical history and physical examination to rule out other causes. Well's diagnostic algorithm has been validated and the patient is classified as having a high, moderate, or low chance of developing her DVT.
What is deep vein thrombosis?Deep vein thrombosis is part of a condition called venous thromboembolism. It is a serious condition because blood clots can dissolve in veins, travel in the bloodstream, and block the lungs by blocking blood flow.It occurs when a blood clot (thrombus) forms in one or more deep veins of the body, usually in the legs. It can cause leg pain and swelling. A major problem associated with detection of DVT is that the signs and symptoms are nonspecific.Some symptoms of DVT includes: Edema, Phlegmasia cerulea dolens (massive iliofemoral thrombosis), Tenderness, Pulmonary embolism.How can deep vein thrombosis be evaluated and diagnosed?Recognizing early signs of lower extremity venous disease may be possible by:
Doppler ultrasound: The tip of the Doppler transducer is placed at a 45-60 degree angle above the expected location of the artery and slowly angled to locate arterial blood flow.Computed tomography: Computed tomography provides cross-sectional images of soft tissues, visualizing areas of volume change in the extremities and the compartments where changes occur.To learn more about deep vein thrombosis visit:
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a 61-year-old man has a longstanding history of peripheral artery disease that has progressed in recent months to acute limb ischemia (ali). as a result, he has just undergone bilateral arterial bypass grafts and is postoperative day 1. the nurse's most recent assessment reveals that the patient's left foot is cold to touch and dusky in appearance with nonpalpable peripheral pulses. how should the nurse respond to this assessment finding?
If the nurse reacts to this assessment finding, she should promptly inform the surgeon.
Why do patients make calls?The Latin root "patiens," which meaning to tolerate suffering, is the source of the English term "patient." In this phrase, the patient is actually passive, undergoing whatever suffering is necessary, and graciously accepting the therapy from the outside expert.
Why do doctors refer to patients as such?The Latin word "pati," which means "the one who suffers," is the source of the English term "patient." Patients are now defined as "those who get medical care or treatment" by Merriam-Webster. The term "patient" has been used since the 14th century and traditionally refers to a person who seeks medical attention from a doctor.
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a client is diagnosed with deep vein thrombosis (dvt). which nursing diagnosis should receive highest priority at this time?
Nursing diagnosis that should receive highest priority at this time is Ineffective peripheral tissue perfusion related to venous congestion.
Why Ineffective peripheral tissue perfusion related to venous congestion.?
Due to venous inflammation and clot formation, ineffective peripheral tissue perfusion caused by venous congestion is given first importance.What is Ineffective peripheral tissue perfusion related to venous congestion?
Lack of understanding of the illness process, hypertension, smoking, and a sedentary lifestyle may be associated to inefficient peripheral tissue perfusion. These factors may be indicated by changed skin features, weaker pulses, claudication, and a delay in the healing of peripheral wounds.What exactly does "ineffective tissue perfusion" mean?
There is a chance that poor blood flow will reduce oxygenation to tissues, resulting in cellular damage and poor tissue function.To know more about DVT, checkout this link:
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a client is scheduled for a routine pelvic examination. what should the nurse do to prepare the client for this examination?
The nurse should Ask the client to empty her bladder before the examination to prepare the client for pelvic examination.
What is Pelvic Examination ?
A pelvic exam is a physical exam of the female pelvic organs, both exterior and internal. It is commonly used in gynaecology to assess symptoms of the female female's reproductive system, such as discomfort, bleeding, discharge, urine incontinence, or damage (e.g. sexual assault). It can also be used to evaluate a woman's anatomy before treatments. The examination can be performed either awake in the clinic or under anesthesia in the operating theatre.Therefore, The nurse should Ask the client to empty her bladder before the Pelvic examination.
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a nurse is assisting the physician conducting a cystogram. the client has an intravenous (iv) infusion of d5w at 40 ml/hr. the physician inserts a urinary catheter into the bladder and instills a total of 350 ml of a contrast agent. the nurse empties 500 ml from the urinary catheter drainage bag at the conclusion of the procedure. how many milliliters does the nurse record as urine?
The nurse assisting the physician conducting a cystogram on a client who has an intravenous (iv) infusion of d5w at 40 ml/hr will record 150 mm as urine.
What is intravenous (iv) infusion?Intravenous (iv) infusion is described as a medical technique that administers fluids, medications, and nutrients directly into a person's vein.
The most common site for an Intravenous (iv) infusion catheter is the forearm, the back of the hand, or the antecubital fossa.
Considering the difference between the contrast agent volume and the volume emptied from the catheter drainage bag at the conclusion of the procedure., the nurse will record 150 mm as urine.
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the nurse enters a client's room to assess the client, who began receiving a blood transfusion 45 minutes earlier, and notes that the client is flushed and dyspneic. on assessment, the nurse auscultates the presence of crackles in the lung bases. the nurse determines that this client most likely is experiencing which complication of blood transfusion therapy?
Blood transfusion therapy difficulties with Circulatory Overload are more likely to damage the patient.
The client is infused using blood at a rate that is too quick for them to manage, which causes circulatory overload. With circulatory overload, crackles also happen in addition to dyspnea.
One sort of blood transfusion response is an allergic reaction, which manifests as symptoms including flushing, dyspnea, itching, & a widespread rash. Blood transfusion complications do not include hypovolemia. The client would experience a temperature if they had bacteremia, which is not indicated by the clinical picture provided.
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currently, she is unable to move her right arm and leg. the nurse plans to start passive range-of-motion (rom) exercises. which finding indicates a goal successfully achieved? group of answer choices contractures developed. heart rate decreased. muscle strength improved. joint mobility maintained.
Heart rate decreased indicates a goal successfully achieved.
There are causes of slow heart rate besides underlying diseases. Examples include having a slow heartbeat in the family, being very fit, breathing deeply during meditation, having trouble sleeping, or experiencing negative drug side effects.
Your heart beats less frequently than 60 times each minute if you have bradycardia. If the heart doesn't pump enough oxygen-rich blood to the body and the pulse rate is exceedingly sluggish, bradycardia can be a major issue. You might experience this and feel weak, exhausted, and out of breath.
Atrioventricular blocks, aging, and other disorders include heart muscle inflammation, hypothyroidism, electrolyte imbalance, obstructive sleep apnea, and heart attacks brought on by coronary artery disease are some more reasons of low heart rate.
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the nurse is reviewing a medication prescription for a client prior to administration and observes that the route of administration is not present in the prescription. what is the appropriate action by the nurse to address this omission?
The nurse is reviewing a medication prescription for a client prior to administration and observes that the route of administration is not present in the prescription so she will notify the health care provider to add the route and then administer the medication when complete.
A prescription medication is a medicine which will solely be created offered to a patient on the written instruction of an authorised professional. Samples of prescription medicines embrace blood pressure tablets, cancer medication and robust painkillers.
Nurses' responsibility for medication administration includes guaranteeing that the proper medication is correctly required within the correct dose, and administered at the proper time through the proper route to the proper patient. To limit or scale back the danger of administration errors, several hospitals use a single-dose system.
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the clinic nurse assesses the skin of a client with psoriasis after the client has used a new topical treatment for 2 months. the nurse identifies which characteristics as improvement in the manifestations of psoriasis? select all that apply.
Absence of any ecchymosis on the extremities, Thinner and decrease in number of reddish plaques and Scarce amount of silvery-white scaly patches on the arms these are the clinic nurse assesses the skin of a client with psoriasis after the client has used a new topical treatment for 2 months.
Thick reddish papules or plaques coated in silvery-white patches are among the skin lesions associated with psoriasis. An improvement is seen as a decrease in the severity of these skin lesions. Psoriasis is unrelated to the existence of striae (stretch marks), perceptible pulses, or a lack of ecchymosis.The skin areas that make up psoriasis plaques are elevated, inflammatory, scaly, and may also be unpleasant and irritating. Plaques often show up as elevated, red areas on Caucasian skin that are covered in a silvery white accumulation of dead skin cells or scale. On skin of colour, the plaques may seem thicker, darker, and more purple, grey, or darker brown in hue.Plaques psoriasis can be found anywhere on the body, but the scalp, knees, elbows, and chest are where they are most frequently found. Plaques typically affect the same areas of the body on both the right and left sides, and they typically appear symmetrically.To know more about psoriasis check the below link:
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What is the chemical that refluxes into the esophagus, causing the burning pain of gerd?.
Answer: stomach acid, particularly HCI
Explanation:
the nurse is working with a client who has difficulty controlling blood sugar. the client is classified as overweight. the client does not adhere to a low-calorie diet and forgets to take medications and check blood glucose level. the client's glycohemoglobin is 8.5%. when establishing a goal for the client, what action will the take first?
The condition that client facing is hyperglycemia: The nurse should first control the diet of the client and drink plenty of sugar free fluids and exercise more often.
What is hyperglycemia?
High blood sugar is formally referred to as hyperglycemia (blood sugar). When the body can't properly use its insulin supply or has too little of it, high blood sugar results. Hyperglycemia, a condition linked to diabetes, can result in symptoms such as vomiting, extreme appetite and thirst, a quick heartbeat, eyesight issues, and more. Hyperglycemia that is not addressed might cause major health issues.
A person has hyperglycemia if their blood glucose is greater than 180 mg/dL one to two hours after eating.
Things that should be done are :
1.Exercise to help lower blood sugar
2.Don’t smoke.
3.Follow your meal plan if you have one
4.Limit drinking alcohol
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patient born in community hospital, with erythroblastosis fetalis due to abo incompatibility; transferred immediately after birth to intensive care nursery at university hospital for further care
In a community hospital, an infant born with erythroblastosis fetalis due to ABO incompatibility. Patient was moved to University Hospital's intensive care nursery soon after delivery for further care. Community Hospital's principal (first-listed) diagnosis should be coded Z38.00.
What is code Z38.00?WHO considers ICD-10 code Z38.00 as a medical classification for a single liveborn infant delivered vaginally. Other single liveborn infant ICD-10 codes are as follows:
Z3800: a single liveborn infant - delivered vaginally.Z3801: a single liveborn infant - delivered by cesarean.Z381: a single liveborn infant - born outside of a hospital.Z382: a single liveborn infant - unspecified as to place of birth.Learn More
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6). discuss consent for the treatment of a minor. how does the nurse proceed if the parent is unreachable?
Legally, the discern or parent has to present consent for a minor beneathneath 18 years old, with few exceptions. In an emergency. scenario wherein the discern is unreachable, the nurse and healthcare crew can also additionally act with the aid of using the usage of the "affordable person" standard.
This approach that we might follow the same old of care and take all affordable measures to hold the kid alive till the discern may be reached to present consent for remedy. If granted, the minor may have the identical prison rights as an adult, which include the proper to consent to (and refuse) clinical remedy. While the regulation has historically taken into consideration minors to be incompetent to present consent for clinical remedy, maximum states now have statutes that provide minors the proper to consent to remedy in particular conditions.2 Examples of those are as follows: Court-ordered emancipation.
A baby beneathneath the age of 18 who lives independently with out the aid of mother and father and makes his or her very own daily choices can also additionally petition the courtroom docket for emancipation. If granted, the minor may have the identical prison rights as an adult, which include the proper to consent to (and refuse) clinical remedy. If a minor affected person advises you that she or he is emancipated, reap a replica of the decree to area withinside the affected person’s record. Situational emancipation. States might also supply minors the cappotential to consent to remedy wherein no discern or parent is without delay to be had and a put off in remedy can also additionally bring about damage to the minor.
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a nurse administers blood products to a client with hodgkin disease. during the administration, the nurse notes the client has a fever and diffuse reddened skin rash. from what condition does the nurse suspect the client is suffering?
A nurse administers blood products to a client with hodgkin disease. during the administration, the nurse notes the client has a fever and diffuse reddened skin rash. The nurse suspect the client is suffering with Graft-versus-host disease.
Only recipients with extreme immunosuppression develop graft-versus-hold disease (GVHD) (such as those with Hodgkin disease). Fever, a diffuse rash of reddish skin, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhoea are possible symptoms or indicators of the transfused lymphocytes attacking the host lymphocytes or bodily tissues.)
After an allogeneic transplant, a condition known as graft versus host disease (GvHD) may manifest. In GvHD, the recipient's body is attacked by the donated bone marrow or peripheral blood stem cells because they perceive it as foreign.
GvHD comes in two different forms:
Graft vs host illness that is acute (aGvHD).
Graft vs host illness that is persistent (cGvHD).
You could develop any type of GvHD after receiving an allogeneic transplant, both types, or neither.
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the nurse has completed assessing the blood glucose levels of several infants who are 24 hours old. which result should the nurse prioritize for intervention?
Throughout a person's first 24 hours of life, blood sugar levels between 50 and 60 mg/dL are regarded as normal. A newborn with hypoglycemia will have levels below 50.
When should the nurse perform a baseline glucose test on the infant?following the baby's birth: Within an hour or two of birth, the baby's blood sugar will be examined, and it will be checked again and again until it is consistently normal. This could take a day or possibly more. The infant will be examined for indications of heart or lung issues.
What should a nurse do as soon as they believe a newborn has hypoglycemia?Clinical agreement and observational data support the idea that sick hypoglycemia newborns, particularly Blood sugar levels between 50 and 60 mg/dL are considered typical for the first 24 hours of life. If a newborn has hypoglycemia, their levels will be under 50. It's possible that baby C has hypoglycemia.
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a 28-year-old athlete with bipolar disorder has been prescribed lithium 600 mg tid. during his follow-up appointment, he informs his provider that he will be participating in a triathlon in the upcoming summer. what education should the provider give to the patient?
Lithium is good for bipolar patient, but it has some disadvantage also which is to be kept in mind.
The athlete should avoid hazardous activity until and unless he doesn't know how the medicine is working on him.
he should avoid overheating or dehydration condition during exercise, in hot weather.
Drink enough amount of water. but also, too much water can harm his body, so you have to be careful while exercising.
He should not change the amount of salt he consumes in his diet. It can change the lithium level of the body which can be fatal.
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at the prompting of friends, a 16-year-old client has agreed to meet with the school nurse who suspects that the client may have an eating disorder. during the nurse's assessment, the nurse has asked the client to describe the client's family. which family process and characteristic is thought to contribute to eating disorders?
Family history of eating disorders, chemical imbalances related to hunger, appetite, satisfaction, and temperament traits are all factors that may contribute to an eating disorder.
How does your family influence and affect your eating habits?
Parents have a significant influence on their children's eating habits because they provide both genes and an environment for them. They influence children in developing preferences and eating behaviors, for example, by making certain foods available rather than others and by serving as models of eating behavior.
Divorce, domestic violence, and marital discord are all common family issues for those suffering from an eating disorder. Furthermore, some people develop an eating disorder as a result of a family trauma such as violence or neglect.
Therefore, Eating disorders are behavioral conditions characterized by severe and persistent disturbance in eating behaviors and associated distressing thoughts and emotions.
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