Other molecular items would be required Ions, magnesium, dNTP, primers, and buffer.
What other molecular items would be required?Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a technique for obtaining a large number of copies of a particular DNA fragment from a small amount of sample. It is sufficient to start from a single copy of that original fragment, or mould. This technique is based on the natural property of DNA polymerases to replicate strands of DNA, using alternating high and low-temperature cycles to separate the newly formed strands of DNA from each other after each replication phase, and then allow the strands of DNA to rejoin so that they can be duplicated again. Today, the entire PCR process is automated by means of a device called a thermal cycler, which allows the reaction tubes to be heated and cooled in order to control the temperature required for each stage of the reaction.
The common PCR is performed with cycles that have three temperature steps:
DNA denaturation double strandHybridization of the primers to the specific zone 3'of each of the strandsExtension of the primer by action of DNA polymeraseThe components necessary to carry out a PCR are:
Divalent Ions: necessary for polymerase function, magnesium ions are generally used and are in the form of magnesium chloride salt MgCl2 . The final concentration of Mg++ should be between 1.5-2.0 mM and is optimal for most PCR products.
dNTP: deoxyribonucleotides triphosphate, used by the polymerase to extend the chain.
Primers: are two short nucleotide sequences that are complementary to the DNA fragment mold. They are generally constituted between 20-40 nucleotides on average and with a GC content of 40-60%.
Buffer: Solution necessary for the reactions to take place, it is in charge of keeping the pH stable.
Taq polymerase: Enzyme in charge of DNA synthesis by adding dNTP. It supports high temperatures however has no corrective activity.
All these components are mixed in one solution.
Thus, Ions, magnesium, dNTP, primers, and buffer.
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In which environment will decomposition occur the fastest?
A. The Arctic Ocean
B. Antarctica
C. The Sahara desert
D. The Amazon Rainforest
Decomposition will occur the fastest in Amazon rainforest.
What is decomposition?Decomposition is the process of breakdown of dead organic matter with the help of microorganisms like bacteria and fungi.Decomposition is necessary for the recycling of elements back into the ecosystem.The organisms resulting in decomposition are termed as decomposers. These require appropriate environmental conditions for decomposing.At low temperature such as in Antarctica, decomposers are less active thus reducing the rate of decomposition.Decomposers cannot survive in little or no water conditions such as in the Sahara desert. Decomposition increases with the increase in water availability.Decomposers also require oxygen to survive which is not available in deeper parts of the Arctic ocean. Therefore decomposition does not occur in low oxygen environment.With optimum water, temperature and oxygen available, rate of decomposition is also high in the Amazon rainforests.Learn more about decomposition here:
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exchange of useful chemicals between organisms and their abiotic environment is an example of what
The exchange of useful chemicals between organisms and their abiotic environment is an example of matter cycling.
What is the matter cycling?Matter cycling refers to the cyclic movement of matter between biotic factors and abiotic factors.
This process (matter cycling) is fundamental for the survival of organisms and health of an ecosystem.
In conclusion, the exchange of useful chemicals between organisms and their abiotic environment is an example of matter cycling.
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Davy made a model of the water cycle by adding some water inside a plastic bag, sealing the bag, and placing it in a sunny area. he noticed that the level of the water went down, and then some droplets appeared on the sides of the bag. which part of the water cycle caused water droplets to form on the side of the plastic bag? condensation evaporation precipitation runoff
Davy made a model of the water cycle by adding some water inside a plastic bag, sealing the bag, and placing it in a sunny area. He noticed that the level of the water went down, and then some droplets appeared on the sides of the bag. which part of the water cycle caused water droplets to form on the side of the plastic bag?
(a) condensation (b) evaporation (c) precipitation runoff
The part of the water cycle that caused water droplets to form on the side of the plastic bag would be condensation.
What is condensation?It is a process whereby water vapor in the atmosphere condenses or turns back into liquid.
Condensation is as opposed to evaporation. The latter is a process whereby liquid water turns into vapor water. In other words, evaporation and condensation are words and opposites.
Both processes play a major role in the water cycle of the ecosystem.
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Eye color is controlled by one gene. There are two alleles for this gene:
Brown (B) and blue (b). The brown allele is dominant and blue allele is
recessive, however the brown allele is incompletely dominant over the
blue. A heterozygous individual has green eyes. What offspring could be
produced if two green eyed individuals mate?
Answer:
There are 16 possible genotypes and phenotypes that are listed in the punnett square. The ratio of phenotype is -
Brown : green : blue :: 12:3:1
Explanation:
plato
The diagram shows the first part of a kidney tubule and its blood supply. During filtration, protein molecules do not pass through the wall of the glomerulus. Which part contains the highest concentration of protein? A
B
C
D
During filtration, the highest concentration of protein are generally found in the glomerulus capillary, which is labeled as B.
What is a kidney?A kidney refers to a pair of bean-shaped organ within the body of an organism which is typically responsible for the excretion of excess fluids as wastes. Also, the kidney is an organ that helps to filter blood and produce urine in vertebrates.
During filtration, the highest concentration of protein are generally found in the glomerulus capillary, which is labeled as B in the diagram shown in the image attached below.
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One tool scientists use to learn about the weather is radar. to use radar, a weather tower sends out radio waves and then detects the waves that are reflected back to the tower. how does radar tell scientists about the weather in a given area?
a. clouds at a higher temperature reflect more radio waves.
b. air at a lower pressure reflects fewer radio waves.
c. heavier rain or snow reflects more radio waves.
d. clouds that hold less moisture reflect more radio waves.
A radar can indicate to scientists the weather in a given area because rain or snow reflects more radio waves (Option C).
What is a weather radar?A weather radar is a device used in meteorology in order to predict weather conditions.
This device (weather radar) sends waves into the atmosphere in order to identify any type of precipitation.
In conclusion, a radar can indicate to scientists the weather in a given area because rain or snow reflects more radio waves (Option C).
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3. Cells divide, differentiate, or die. What is differentiation?
Answer:
Differentiation is when cells stop dividing to develop specialized structures such as a neuron developing an axon.
Explanation:
Its basically when cells stop dividing to specialize in structure and function.
The cumulative work of many scientists can often be summarized as theories or laws. how is a theory different from a law
Answer:
A law is something in science that can be proved through experimenting. When the experiment is done properly, the same outcome will be achieved every time. A law does not attempt to explain why something is the way it is, it only states it.
A theory is an idea that has a large amount of scientific data backing it and is the accepted answer by most scientists, but there is no way to experiment on a scientific theory. A theory will never be able to become a law. A theory explains what it is describing.
4. Name the dark, linear, thread-like structures that you can see in some of the onion root tip cells. What Biomolecule of heredity do they contain
If the process involved in cellular transport are not functioning properly, how is cellular homeostasis affected? In general terms, if the cell of an entire organ are not carrying out cellular transport properly, what is the result?
Answer:
Cell membranes enable organisms to maintain homeostasis by regulating the materials that may enter or leave a cell. Some materials easily cross the cell membrane without the input of energy; other materials require energy input in order to cross through the cell membrane.
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Which organism should be the least common in an ecosystem
Answer:
If you had to guess the most abundant organism on the whole planet, you'd probably think of ants or, maybe, bacteria. But a newly discovered virus might trump them all. Pelagibacter ubique is often cited as the most common organism ever: it's a third of all the single-celled organisms in the ocean.
Explanation:
thangks
How will building a road through the rainforest affect the plants and animals
Answer:
it will kill paints remove animal homes take more area that was for animals so they will fight over territory even more
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For men, the period of physical and psychological change in the reproductive system is referred to as.
How does water cycles involve biotic and abiotic factors?
Answer:
This recycling process involves both the living organisms (biotic components) and nonliving things (abiotic factors) in the ecosystem. Through biogeochemical cycles, water and other chemical elements are constantly being passed through living organisms to non-living matter and back again, over and over.
Explanation:
1. Warm Up: How do scientists estimate how old fossils are (and thus, estimate
how long ago certain creatures were alive, and how long the earth has existed)?
Explain what you already know about this topic.
Help me
Answer:
Radiocarbon dating
Explanation:
Radiocarbon dating is a technique for determining the age of carbon-based materials derived from live beings. By measuring the quantity of carbon-14 in a sample and comparing it to an internationally accepted reference standard, an age may be determined. Radiocarbon dating is based on the basic principle that all living organisms absorb carbon from the atmosphere and food sources around them, including a small quantity of naturally radioactive carbon-14. When a plant or animal dies, it stops absorbing carbon, but the radioactive carbon it has stored decays.
The __________ causes the stage to move upward or downward.
Which of the following is not associated with humoral immunity?
A cytotoxic T cells
B breast milk
C these are all correct
D antibodies
E B cells
Answer:
The answer is C
Explanation:
Improve the student's model of gas exchange by drawing the missing component.
Answer:
capillary
Explanation:
you should draw a capillary to show where gas exchange is occuring
A frog has more offspring than can survive on available resources.
Which is this an example?
Describe the effects of malnutrition on humans.
Answer:
Malnutrition can result in unplanned weight loss, a low body mass index (BMI) and vitamin and mineral deficiencies. This can leave you feeling tired, weak and affect your ability to recover from an illness. In the UK, evidence suggests that: 29% of people admitted to hospital are malnourished.
i also added my school notes :)
hope this helps :3
Answer:
Malnutrition can result in unplanned weight loss, a low body mass
Explanation:
no need
>:))ficiencies. This can leave you feeling tired, weak and affect your ability to recover from an illness. In the UK, evidence suggests that: 29% of people admitted to hospital are malnourished.
WILL MARK BRAINLIST!!
Answer:
its gonna be a female
Explanation:
While walking to the kitchen in the middle of the night, jamal tripped over an object that he could not see in the dark. which part of the cns sent a signal to help prevent jamal from falling? cerebrum hippocampus cerebellum brain stem
The part of the cns sent a signal to help prevent Jamal's fall was the cerebellum
How does the cerebellum act in balance?Balance and posture are the responsibility of the cerebellum, which coordinates body movements, uniting and articulating muscle movements so that they keep the body balanced and maintain its posture.
With this information, we can conclude that the part of the cns sent a signal to help prevent Jamal's fall was the cerebellum
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Answer:
i just took the test it is cerebellum also known as answer c
Explanation:
Which factor is found in a scientific claim?
endorsement by famous scientists
data collection from only one facility
similar results in multiple tests of the claim
identical data across all tests of the claim
similar results in multiple tests of the claim is the correct option. thus option C is correct.
What do you mean by scientific claim?Scientific assertions are statements made in science based on an experiment. They're assertions just like you might see in other classes, but they are backed by experimental data you created, as well as the work of other scientists.
A scientific claim includes of similar outcomes in various tests of the claim.
Scientific procedures include observation, running experiments, inference etc.
A scientific claim is however deemed to be genuine when the outcomes of the experiment are replicable several times in any area of the world. The results are frequently shared with others to ensure that the many tests are run by different scientists to check its veracity.
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The first living things to grow successfully on a newly formed sand dune are known as.
Pioneer organisms are the first living things to grow successfully on a newly formed sand dune.
What do you mean by primary succession?Plants and animals first inhabit a barren, lifeless area in primary succession, a type of ecological succession (the evolution of a biological community's ecological structure).
Pioneer species are the first species to arrive in a newly constructed environment, and through their interactions, they form a basic biological community. As additional species enter, the community becomes more complicated.
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Select the correct answer. alternators are installed on automobiles to power things like the lights and the radio. which kind of device is an alternator? a. generator b. motor c. battery d. wind turbine e. electric fan
The kind of device in which an alternator can be categorized is a generator of electric energy.
What is an alternator?An alternator is a tool/device in a car that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy.
The electrical energy generated by using an alternator is alternate electrical energy.
In conclusion, the kind of device in which an alternator can be categorized is a generator of electric energy.
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Answer: Generator
Explanation:
How does the sea ice in 2019 compare to the sea ice in 2012 during April?
The amount of sea ice in 2019 is considerably less than it was in 2012
The amount of sea ice in 2019 is considerably more than it was in 2012
The amount of sea ice in 2012 and 2019 were very similar
The total amount of sea ice showed a decline
The total amount of sea ice showed a decline from 2012 to 2019. The correct option would be D.
Graphical illustrationLooking at the graph, from February to June 2012, there is a decline in the amount of sea ice.
A similar decline in the amount of sea ice can be observed in the year 2019.
However, the sea ice levels for the various months in 2012 remain generally above the sea ice levels in the various months in 2019.
Thus, overall, one can say there is a general decline in the ice level from 2012 to 2019.
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Sarah and Alex have been dealing with an infestation of Chinch bugs on their farm for the past 5 years. They have called a pest control company to spray an insecticide, ChinchBeGone, over 20 times on their land. For the first year, the insect population decreased significantly but after some time, the insect population remained constant even after treatment.
Using the words below, name and describe the process that led to the Chinch bugs surviving the insecticide treatment.
- Genetic variation
- Mutation
- Selection
- Allele frequency
Answer:
I will say genetic variation because they probably never fully got rid of them(and all of their eggs) to begin with
Explanation:
6th grade student measured his heart rate at 94 beats per minute every minute every morning at the same time for two
Weeks. In his report he claimed he proved that 6th grader's hearts beat 94 times per minute. What is wrong with his
Report?
A. Human hearts do not beat that rapidly.
B He should have taken his heart rate many times over two weeks.
C. 6th graders hearts do not beat that slowly.
D.The student's sample size is too small to prove his claim.
Answer:
its A
Explanation:
Its impossible for a human to have a heart beat of 94 each minute
The statement that represents a wrong concept in his report is as follows:
Human hearts do not beat that rapidly.Thus, the correct option for this question is A.
What is Heart rate?Heart rate may be defined as a mechanism that significantly involves the number of times the heart beats within a certain time period generally in a minute. In a more simple sense, it may be characterized as the number of contractions of the heart per minute.
According to the context of this question, the normal rate of humans usually ranges from 60 to 100 beats per minute. But being a student of 6th standard, it is too higher because it is ranging from 60 to 80 per minute for that group of children specifically with respect to the capability of their cardiovascular stength.
Therefore, the correct option for this question is A.
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The adaptive (specific) defense system: Group of answer choices issues an attack specific to particular foreign substances includes the skin and mucous membranes provides mechanical barriers to the body is the body's first line of defense against invading pathogens is an innate defense
The adaptive (specific) defense system: issues an attack specific to particular foreign substances. hence, option A is correct.
What is the adaptive immune system's primary function?Adaptive immune responses are designed to eliminate invading infections and any harmful chemicals they create. Because these responses are harmful, they must only be elicited in response to molecules that are foreign to the host, not the host's own molecules.
Antibodies and lymphocytes make up the adaptive defense, which is also known as the humoral and cell-mediated responses. The term 'adaptive' alludes to the distinction between self and non-self, as well as the tailoring of a response to a specific foreign invader.
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What is biodiversity?
a college for studying biology
all different types of organisms
all different types of sciences
a language used by biologists
Answer:
2.all different types of organisms
Answer:
B
Explanation: