A natural experiment is a chance occurrence that mimics a randomized controlled trial. In order to analyze causal effects from natural experiments, economists make use of a statistical method known as instrumental variables, in which one variable from a natural experiment is used as an instrument for a particular independent variable of interest. Assume the independent variable of interest is x1 and the dependent variable in a regression is y. Which of the following represent necessary characteristics of a suitable instrument?

a. The instrument has at least 200 observations
b. The instrument is correlated with
c. The instrument has a conditional mean of zero
d. The instrument does not directly influence y, except through

Answer: b. The instrument is correlated with x1.

d. The instrument does not directly influence y, except through x1.

Explanation:

Based on the information given in the question, the necessary characteristics of a suitable instrument include:

• The instrument is correlated with x1.

• The instrument does not directly influence y, except through x1.

Some of the criteria for an instrument variable are the fact that it should have a causal effect on independent variable and also the dependent variable isn't directly affected except through the independent variable which is x1 in this scenario.

Therefore, the correct option are B and D.

Oscanda Accessories Corporation manufactured 21,400 travel bags during March. The following fixed overhead data pertain to March: Actual Static Budget Production 21,400 units 22,000 units Machine-hours 3,400 hours 4,400 hours Fixed overhead cost for March $176,300 $184,800 What is the amount of fixed overhead spending variance

A company is planning to purchase a machine that will cost $31,200 with a six-year life and no salvage value. The company uses straight-line depreciation. The company expects to sell the machine's output of 3,000 units evenly throughout each year. A projected income statement for each year of the asset's life appears below. What is the accounting rate of return for this machine

Assume that Thomas can afford to buy as many candy bars and ice cream cones as he wants. He would continue to consume both candy bars and ice cream until the

During May, Salinger Company accumulated 560 hours of direct labor costs on Job 200 and 670 hours on Job 305. The total direct labor was incurred at a rate of $11 per direct labor hour for Job 200 and $15 per direct labor hour for Job 305. Journalize the entry to record the flow of labor costs into production during May. If an amount box does not require an entry, leave it blank.

Erik Cartman just took a new position with Colorado Research, Inc. Erik’s first customer, the president of a local bank, wanted a bank image study to be conducted measuring not only the client’s banks’ image, but that of his competitors as well. In designing the research project, Erik talked to several of his friends one night about how they viewed their banks. Erik charged the client for this and billed it as "Exploratory Research NFocus Group." The next day Erik tried to remember most of what his friends had told him. Some of the issues were "closeness to home" of branch locations, "cool online banking," and "friendly tellers." Erik took these issues, made up some of his own and put them into a semantic differential scale format. After the research study, Erik wrote a report and referred to the semantic differential scale he devised as a "Standard Marketing Research Scale to Measure the Construct of Bank Image." What Erik did was:___________
A) correct; he used exploratory research to generate most of the items for his
measurement of bank image
B) correct; although he used some of his own opinions, they were based upon experience and he did make use of a focus group
C) incorrect; the measurement of bank image was incorrect as bank image should be measured only by using Likert scales
D) incorrect; we do not know if the scale Mr. Cartman devised was valid or reliable, but he was unethical in presenting the measurement as"standard marketing research"
E) correct; Erik saved considerable time and money by creating his own measurement of the construct

REITs pay dividends in order to retain their favorable tax status. As the next chapter on stock explains, corporate dividends are made from earnings. REIT dividends often are not made from earnings but the distributions are made from funds from operations (FFO). REIT accounting earnings are adjusted for noncash expenses such as deprecia-tion to determine funds from operations. In addition, a REIT may sell a property and distribute the proceeds. For these reasons, financial analysts often use FFO instead of earnings to analyze a REIT. Distributions are often more highly correlated with per-share funds from operation than they are with earnings per share (EPS). Consider the following FFO and EPS for Washington Real Estate Trust:
Year 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Distributions $1.16 1.23 1.31 1.39 1.47 1.55 1.60 1.64 1.68 1.72 1.73 1.74 1.74 1.47 1.20 1.20
FFO
$1.57 1.79 1.96 1.97 2.04 2.05 2.07 2.12 2.31 2.12 2.06 1.96 1.95 1.84 1.69 1.51
EPS
$1.24 1.26 1.38 1.32 1.13 1.09 1.84 0.88 1.34 0.67 0.71 0.60 1.58 0.35 0.55 1.67
To verify that the dividend distribution is more strongly correlated with FFO than with EPS, compute the correlation coefficients relating the distributions to FFO and to EPS.

If we consider the effect of taxes, then the degree of operating leverage can be written as:

DOL = 1 + [FC × (1 – TC) – TC × D]/OCF

Consider a project to supply Detroit with 28,000 tons of machine screws annually for automobile production. You will need an initial $4,800,000 investment in threading equipment to get the project started; the project will last for 5 years. The accounting department estimates that annual fixed costs will be $1,150,000 and that variable costs should be $215 per ton; accounting will depreciate the initial fixed asset investment straight-line to zero over the 5-year project life. It also estimates a salvage value of $525,000 after dismantling costs. The marketing department estimates that the automakers will let the contract at a selling price of $320 per ton. The engineering department estimates you will need an initial net working capital investment of $460,000. You require a return of 14 percent and face a tax rate of 25.

Required:
a. What is the percentage change in OCF if the units sold changes to 28,000?
b. What is the DOL at the base-case level of output?

On January 1, 2021, Ellison Company granted Sam Wine, an employee, an option to buy 1,000 shares of Ellison Co. stock for $30 per share, the option exercisable for 5 years from date of grant. Using a fair value option pricing model, total compensation expense is determined to be $6,000. Wine exercised his option on October 1, 2021 and sold his 1,000 shares on December 1, 2021. Quoted market prices of Ellison Co. stock in 2021 were:

July 1 $30 per share
October 1 $36 per share
December 1 $40 per share

The service period is for three years beginning January 1, 2021. As a result of the option granted to Wine, using the fair value method, Ellison should recognize compensation expense for 2021 on its books in the amount of:________

a. $6,000 21
b. $2,000
c. $1,500
d. $0

The Bountiful Bakery is considering hiring another pastry chef. The bakery knows the average product of its chefs currently is 15 dozen croissants per day. It also believes that the next chef hired will produce an extra 12 dozen croissants per day. A dozen croissants sell for $30. The bakery should hire another worker:

Corporation M has $40,000 of current earnings and profits and $10,000 of accumulated earnings and profit. During the year Corporation M distributes $60,000 to is only shareholder – N. Before the distribution, N has basis in their stock of $100,000. What amount of capital gain income will N recognize related to this distribution?

A product has annual demand of 10,000 units. The plant manager wants production to follow a four-hour cycle. Based on the following data, what holding cost per unit per year will enable the desired production cycle? d = 40 per day (250 days per year), p = 200 units per day, S = $7.20 per order, and Q = 20 (demand for four hours, half a day). $18.00 $40.00 $400.00 $45.00 $450.00

Production and sales estimates for April for Ibis Co. are as follows: Estimated inventory (units), April 1 9,000 Desired inventory (units), April 30 8,000 Expected sales volume (units): Territory A 3,500 Territory B 4,750 Territory C 4,250 Unit sales price $20 The budgeted total sales for April is a.$230,000 b.$250,000 c.$270,000 d.$200,000

Identify the principle of internal control to each of the following cases. 1. Cash is locked in a safe overnight. select principle of internal control 2. Employees who receive shipments of goods do not have access to the accounting records for merchandise. select principle of internal control 3. Shipping documents are pre-numbered. select principle of internal control 4. The bookkeeper does not have physical custody of assets. select principle of internal control 5. Only the treasurer of the company can sign checks.

On January 1, 2022, Blue Company issued $3,400,000 face value, 7%, 10-year bonds at $3,650,227. This price resulted in a 6% effective-interest rate on the bonds. Blue uses the effective-interest method to amortize bond premium or discount. The bonds pay annual interest on each January 1. (a) Prepare the journal entries to record the following transactions. (Round answers to 0 decimal places, e.g. 125. Credit account titles are automatically indented when amount is entered. Do not indent manually.) 1. The issuance of the bonds on January 1, 2022. 2. Accrual of interest and amortization of the premium on December 31, 2022. 3. The payment of interest on January 1, 2023. 4. Accrual of interest and amortization of the premium on December 31, 2023.

A company currently sells products in the United States and is considering expanding to China or Vietnam. Expanding won't impact the company's sales, revenue or profit in the United States. If the company expands to China there is a 20% chance profit over the next 5 years will be $2,000,000, a 30% chance profit will be $1,000,000 and a 50% chance the company will lose $2,000,000. If the company expands to Vietnam, there is a 70% chance profit over the next 5 years will be $1,000,000 and a 30% chance the company will lose $2,500,000. Using a decision tree, what decision should the company make

A.The loss on the cash sale of equipment was $22,125 (details in b).
B. Sold equipment costing $97,875, with accumulated depreciation of $47,125, for $28,625 cash.
C. Purchased equipment costing $113,375 by paying $64,000 cash and signing a long-term note payable for the balance.
D. Borrowed $5,700 cash by signing a short-term note payable.
E. Paid $58,625 cash to reduce the long-term notes payable.
F. Issued 4,200 shares of common stock for $20 cash per share.
G. Declared and paid cash dividends of $53,500.
Prepare a complete statement of cash flows; report its operating activities using the indirect method. (Amounts to be deducted should be indicated with a minus sign.)

Question: According to a Honda press release on October 23, 2006, sales of the fuel-efficient four-cylinder Honda Civic rose by 7.1% from 2005 to 2006. Over the same period, according to data from the U.S. Energy Information Administration, the average price of regular gasoline rose from $2.27 per gallon to $2.57 per gallon. Using the midpoint method, calculate the cross-price elasticity of demand between Honda Civics and regular gasoline. According to your estimate of the cross-price elasticity, are the two goods gross complements or gross substitutes

which are possible employers of the financial career cluster? check ALL that apply
private company
government
nonprofit organization
bank
stock market​

On December 31, 2018, the end of its first year of operations, Wildhorse Associates owned the following securities that are held as long- term investments.

Common Stock Shares Cost
C Co. 1,050 $50,400
D Co. 5,090 38,175
E Co. 1,199 25,179

On this date, the total fair value of the securities was equal to its cost. The securities are not held for influence or control over the investees. In 2019, the following transactions occurred.

July 1 Received $2 per share semiannual cash dividend on D Co. common stock.
Aug. 1 Received $0.50 per share cash dividend on C Co. common stock.
Sept. 1 Sold 1,020 shares of D Co. common stock for cash at $9 per share.
Oct. 1 Sold 274 shares of C Co. common stock for cash at $54 per share.
Nov. 1 Received $1 per share cash dividend on E Co. common stock.
Dec. 15 Received $0.50 per share cash dividend on C Co. common stock.
31 Received $2.30 per share semiannual cash dividend on D Co. common stock.

At December 31, the fair values per share of the common stocks were C Co. $47, D Co. $7.30, and E Co. $25. These investments should be classified as long-term.

Requried:
Journalize the 2019 transactions

palmer corp is considering the purchase of new equipment the cost savings from the equipment would result in the annual increase income after tax of 133500 the equipment will have an initial cost of 534000 and have a 7 year life is the salvage value estimated to be 9000 what is estimated to be the payback period

During January 2020, the first month of operations, a consulting firm had following transactions: Issued common stock to owners in exchange for $46,000 cash. Purchased $11,500 of equipment, paying $3,450 cash and signing a promissory note for $8,050. Received $20,700 in cash for consulting services performed in January. Purchased $3,450 of supplies on account; all of the supplies were used in January. Provided consulting services on account in the amount of $36,800. Paid $1,725 on account. Paid $6,900 to employees for work performed during January. Received a bill for utilities for January of $7,800; the bill remains unpaid. What is the total expenses that will be reported on the income statement for the month ended January 31

Golden Arch Company uses the periodic inventory system. It has compiled the following information in order to prepare the financial statements at December 31, 2019: Gross sales during 2019 $2,000,000 Sales returns and allowances during 2019 50,000 Beginning inventory, January 1, 2019 100,000 Ending inventory, December 31, 2019 120,000 Purchases during 2019 750,000 Required: Calculate the Cost of goods sold and Gross profit for the company during 2019.

Sabas Company has 20,000 shares of $100 par, 2% cumulative preferred stock and 100,000 shares of $50 par common stock.The following amounts were distributed as dividends: Year 1: $10,000 Year 2: 45,000 Year 3: 90,000 Determine the dividends in arrears for preferred stock for the second year. a.$10,000 b.$25,000 c.$30,000 d.$0

Scott was a member of the seven-person board of directors of Buffalo Corporation. Officers of that corporation were considering a large purchase of new equipment to begin production of a completely new product line. The board of directors had not been consulted about the new venture, but Scott found out about the plan and objected to it being implemented. He sought to inspect the corporate books and records to gain factual information supportive of his position. The officers refused his inspection request, asserting that Scott had no management function or power. Under these circumstances, Scott: _________

a. has the right to inspect corporate books only if he is also a majority shareholder.
b. is barred from examination of the books and records of the corporation under the doctrine of respondeat superior.
c. has the right to inspect corporate books and records, as information regarding the corporation and its affairs is essential to perform his duties.
d. is barred from examination of the books and records of the corporation under the business judgment rule.

18) 20 points Steve's Hardware Store uses the perpetual inventory system. The business incurred the following transactions: A. On November 1, 10 snow blowers were purchased on account at $1,000 each. Credit terms were 2/10, net 30. B. On November 10, the business sold three of the snow blowers on account at $1,500 each. The credit terms were 2/10, net 30. C. OnNovember12,thebusinesspaidforthesnowblowerspurchasedonNovember1. D. On November 20 Steve's received payment for the November 10 sale. E. On November 30, the business paid rent of $1,500 and wages of $2,000.

Your coin collection contains fifty 1952 silver dollars. If your grandparents purchased them for their face value when they were new, how much will your collection be worth when you retire in 2060, assuming they appreciate at a 5.7% annual rate

Michael works as a sales representative for an oilfield supply business in West Texas. He sells highly technical safety equipment to his customers. Michael visits his customers on a regular basis to provide information about new products and to solve technical problems that may arise as his clients use the equipment. For Michael, personal selling works better than other forms of promotion because of _______.

Bryant Company has a factory machine with a book value of $93,700 and a remaining useful life of 7 years. It can be sold for $34,700. A new machine is available at a cost of $378,500. This machine will have a 7-year useful life with no salvage value. The new machine will lower annual variable manufacturing costs from $605,900 to $457,900. Prepare an analysis showing whether the old machine should be retained or replaced

Holden is a people person. He is very good at working with customers and keeping a positive attitude. He has taken a couple classes on supervising money matters and typically works on a computer tracking customer information. Which career does Holden most likely have?

Logistics Planning and Management Services

Sales and Services

Transportation Operations

Facility and Mobile Equipment Maintenance

Holtzman Clothiers's stock currently sells for $19.00 a share. It just paid a dividend of $4.00 a share (i.e., D0 = $4.00). The dividend is expected to grow at a constant rate of 3% a year. What stock price is expected 1 year from now? Round your answer to the nearest cent. $ What is the required rate of return? Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answer to two decimal places. %