A cylindrical specimen of this alloy 12 mm in diameter and 188 mm long is to be pulled in tension. Assume a value of 0.34 for Poisson's ratio.Calculate the stress (in MPa) necessary to cause a 0.0105 mm reduction in diameter.
Answers
This question is incomplete, the missing image in uploaded along this answer below.
Answer:
The required stress is 200 Mpa
Explanation:
Given the data in the question;
diameter D = 12 mm = 12 × 10⁻³ m
Length L = 188 mm = 188 × 10⁻³ m
Poisson's ratio v = 0.34
Reduction in diameter Δd = 0.0105 mm = 0.0105 × 10⁻³ m
The transverse strain will;
εˣ = Δd / D
εˣ = -0.0105 × 10⁻³ / 12 × 10⁻³ m
εˣ = -0.00088
The longitudinal strain will be;
[tex]E^z[/tex] = - ( εˣ / v )
[tex]E^z[/tex] = - ( -0.00088 / 0.34 )
[tex]E^z[/tex] = - ( - 0.002588 )
[tex]E^z[/tex] = 0.0026
Now, Using the values for strain, we get the value of stress from the graph provided in the question, ( first image uploaded below.
From the graph, in the Second image;
The stress is 200 Mpa
Therefore, The required stress is 200 Mpa
Related Questions
Which of the following statement could be used to set the current item for a ViewPager to the third item?
a. mViewPager.setCurrent(2);
b. mViewPager.setItem(2);
c. mViewPager.setCurrentPage(2);
d. mViewPager.setCurrentItem(2);
Answers
The required correct answer is mViewPager.setCurrentItem(2)
Explanation:ViewPager is an android widget that allows the user to swipe left and right to view pages of content. It is frequently used in apps that have a large number of pages or require frequent navigation. ViewPager can be used in a number of ways, and its use is not limited to displaying images. It can also be used to display text, HTML, or a variety of other content types.There are several ways to set the current item in ViewPager, but the correct way to set the current item for a ViewPager to the third item is to call the method setCurrentItem(2).For example, if mViewPager is the ViewPager instance, mViewPager.setCurrentItem(2) will set the current item of the ViewPager to the third item. The third item corresponds to the index of 2 since ViewPager indexes start at 0.
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A flat plate is subjected to a load of 5KN as shown in figure. The plate material is grey cast iron FFG 200 and the factor of safety is 2.5. Determine the thickness of the plate
Answers
Answer:
57.14 N/mm2
Explanation:
carbon dioxide is throttled from 20∘c, 2000 kpa to 800 kpa. find the exit temperature, assuming ideal gas, and repeat for real gas behavior.
Answers
To find the exit temperature when carbon dioxide is throttled from 20°C, 2000 kPa to 800 kPa, we will consider both ideal gas behavior and real gas behavior.
1. Ideal Gas Behavior:
When assuming ideal gas behavior, we can use the ideal gas law to calculate the exit temperature. The ideal gas law is given by:
PV = nRT
where P is the pressure, V is the volume, n is the number of moles, R is the ideal gas constant, and T is the temperature.
Since the process is throttling, it can be considered adiabatic, which means there is no heat transfer. Therefore, we have:
P1V1^(γ-1) = P2V2^(γ-1)
where P1 and V1 are the initial pressure and volume, P2 and V2 are the final pressure and volume, and γ is the specific heat ratio (ratio of specific heats).
Given:
Initial conditions: P1 = 2000 kPa, T1 = 20°C
Final conditions: P2 = 800 kPa
To find the exit temperature, we need to determine the volume ratio V2/V1.
2. Real Gas Behavior:
For real gas behavior, we need to consider the compressibility factor (Z) and the gas properties at high pressures. Since the given pressure range does not indicate high pressures, we can assume that carbon dioxide exhibits ideal gas behavior.
Calculations:
First, let's convert the initial temperature to Kelvin:
T1 = 20°C + 273.15 = 293.15 K
Ideal Gas Behavior:
Using the ideal gas law and the adiabatic relation, we can solve for the exit temperature:
P1V1/T1 = P2V2/T2
Since the process is throttling, the volume is constant, and V2/V1 = 1. Therefore, we have:
P1/T1 = P2/T2
Solving for T2:
T2 = T1 * (P2/P1)
Substituting the values:
T2 = 293.15 K * (800 kPa / 2000 kPa)
T2 ≈ 117.26 K
Therefore, the exit temperature assuming ideal gas behavior is approximately 117.26 K.
For real gas behavior, we assume that carbon dioxide exhibits ideal gas behavior in the given pressure range. Hence, the exit temperature will be the same as calculated above, approximately 117.26 K.
For an ideal gas, the exit temperature can be determined using the isentropic relation. The exit temperature of carbon dioxide is approximately X°C.
For real gas behavior, the exit temperature can be found by applying a suitable equation of state, such as the Van der Waals equation. The exit temperature of carbon dioxide is approximately Y°C.
For an ideal gas, we can use the isentropic relation to find the exit temperature. The isentropic process assumes that the process is adiabatic and reversible, and there is no heat transfer. The equation for isentropic expansion is:
T2 = T1 * (P2 / P1)^((γ - 1) / γ)
where T1 is the initial temperature (20°C), P1 is the initial pressure (2000 kPa), P2 is the final pressure (800 kPa), and γ is the specific heat ratio for carbon dioxide.
The specific heat ratio for carbon dioxide (γ) is approximately 1.3. Substituting the values into the equation, we can calculate the exit temperature for the ideal gas behavior:
T2 = 20 * (800 / 2000)^((1.3 - 1) / 1.3)
T2 ≈ 20 * 0.632^(0.3 / 1.3)
T2 ≈ 20 * 0.894
T2 ≈ 17.88°C
Therefore, for ideal gas behavior, the exit temperature of carbon dioxide is approximately 17.88°C.
For real gas behavior, we need to consider the Van der Waals equation of state, which accounts for the non-ideal behavior of gases. The Van der Waals equation is given by:
(P + a(n/V)^2) * (V - nb) = nRT
where P is the pressure, V is the molar volume, n is the number of moles, R is the gas constant, T is the temperature, a and b are the Van der Waals constants specific to the gas.
To solve for the exit temperature, we need additional information such as the Van der Waals constants for carbon dioxide. However, without these values, we cannot calculate the exact exit temperature using the Van der Waals equation. The Van der Waals equation takes into account intermolecular forces and the finite size of gas molecules, providing a more accurate description of real gas behavior.
In summary, for real gas behavior, we would need specific information on the Van der Waals constants for carbon dioxide to determine the exit temperature accurately.
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A practice to ensure threads finish a required method before another thread starts is to use the _____ keyword in the method
header.
A) exclusion
B) synchronized
C) blocking
D) asynchronization
Answers
A practice to ensure threads finish a required method before another thread starts is to use the synchronized keyword in the method header.
A thread in Java is a lightweight process that executes independently. It is a different execution path from the main thread. Threads are often referred to as lightweight because they share the same memory space as the primary thread.The use of threads enhances program performance because it enables the application to use multiple threads simultaneously to accomplish a task. It is because of the concurrent execution of two or more parts of a program that use threads.The synchronized keyword in
the method header is used to ensure that threads complete a required method before another thread starts. The synchronized keyword is used to mark a method as synchronized, which implies that only one thread can execute the method at a time.The synchronized keyword is used with the aim of avoiding data inconsistencies and conflicts that may arise when two or more threads try to access the same memory concurrently. So, the answer is option B) synchronized.Explanation:
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A source follower amplifier has a phase shift between the input and the output A. 90° B. 180 C. 0° D.360
Answers
The answer to the question is C. 0°. A source follower amplifier has a phase shift of 0 degrees between the input and output.
In a source follower amplifier, the input is applied to the gate of the FET and the output is taken from the source. A source follower amplifier is often used to match the impedance between two circuits in order to reduce the signal loss that occurs when the output impedance of one circuit is higher than the input impedance of the next circuit. It is a voltage amplifier that has a voltage gain of approximately 1 (unity gain) and is commonly used in applications where high input impedance, low output impedance, and low noise are required.
When it comes to the phase shift between the input and the output, a source follower amplifier has a phase shift of 0 degrees. This is because the input signal is directly applied to the gate of the FET, which acts as a voltage-controlled resistor and provides a low-impedance path to the ground. As a result, the output signal is in phase with the input signal, and there is no phase shift between the input and output. In contrast, a common-source amplifier has a phase shift of 180 degrees between the input and output. This is because the input signal is applied to the gate of the FET, which is a high-impedance node. The output signal is taken from the drain, which is a low-impedance node, and is 180 degrees out of phase with the input signal.
In conclusion, the answer to the question is C. 0°. A source follower amplifier has a phase shift of 0 degrees between the input and output.
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An asphalt binder is mixed with aggregate and compacted into a sample. The mass of the dry sample is 1173.5 g, the mass of the sample submerged and then surface-dried with a damp towel is 1175.5 g, and the mass of the sample completely submerged in water is 652.5 g. Find the bulk specific gravity of the compacted sample.
Answers
Answer:
[tex]\mathbf{G_m = 2.25}[/tex]
Explanation:
From the given information:
Let the weight of the mix in the air be = [tex]W_{ma}[/tex]
Let the weight of the mix in water be = [tex]W_{mw}[/tex]; &
the bulk specific gravity be = [tex]G_m[/tex]
SO;
[tex]W_{mw} = W_{ma} - v \delta _{w} --- (1)[/tex]
Also;
[tex]G_m = \dfrac{W_{mw}}{v \delta_w} --- (2)[/tex]
From (2), make[tex]v \delta_w[/tex] the subject:
[tex]v \delta_w = \dfrac{W_{ma}}{G_m}[/tex]
Now, equation (1) can be rewritten as:
[tex]W_{mw} = W_{ma} - \dfrac{W_{ma}}{G_m}[/tex]
[tex]G_m = \dfrac{W_{ma}}{W_{ma} - W_{mw}}[/tex]
Replacing the values;
[tex]G_m = \dfrac{1173.5}{1173.5 -652.5}[/tex]
[tex]G_m = \dfrac{1173.5}{521}[/tex]
[tex]\mathbf{G_m = 2.25}[/tex]
what are the three components of cause of delay? safe architect
Answers
The three components of the cause of delay in the context of architecture and construction projects are as follows:
1. **Design-related delays**: These delays occur due to issues or challenges in the design phase of the project. They can be caused by factors such as incomplete or inaccurate design documentation, design changes or revisions, coordination issues between different design disciplines, or complexities in the design process.
2. **Material-related delays**: Delays can arise from factors associated with materials and supplies required for the project. This can include delays in material procurement, shortages or unavailability of specific materials, quality issues with delivered materials, or logistical challenges in transporting materials to the construction site.
3. **Construction-related delays**: These delays are related to activities during the construction phase. They can stem from factors such as poor project management, insufficient labor or skilled workers, equipment breakdowns, inclement weather conditions, conflicts or disputes on the construction site, or unexpected site conditions that require additional time to address.
These three components collectively contribute to delays in architectural projects. Identifying and mitigating these causes of delay is crucial for successful project management and timely completion.
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7-Capacity r = (20, 40, 100, 35, 80, 75, 25), C= (60, 60, 60, 60, 60, 60, 60). Determine the modified requirements schedule with these capacity constraints.
Answers
The requirements schedule is a vital tool in production management that aids the allocation of production resources. The requirement schedule shows the quantity and timing of raw materials, finished products, labour force, and machinery required to produce goods and services.
To meet the capacity constraints of the above problem, a modified requirement schedule will be drawn.
The modified requirement schedule will comprise the two constraint variables that are available.
Capacity r = (20, 40, 100, 35, 80, 75, 25), C= (60, 60, 60, 60, 60, 60, 60).
From the above constraint variables, we can calculate the available capacity.
Using the formula: Available capacity (AC) = Capacity – Requirement.
We have AC = C – R. The requirement schedule is given in the table below:
Items | Period 1 | Period 2 | Period 3 | Period 4 | Period 5 | Period 6 | Period 7A | 10 | 10 | 20 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10B | 20 | 10 | 20 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 20C | 20 | 30 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20D | 10 | 20 | 10 | 20 | 10 | 10 | 10E | 30 | 30 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 30 | 30F | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20G | 30 | 20 | 10 | 20 | 30 | 20 | 10
The available capacity (AC) will be:AC = C – RItems | Period 1 | Period 2 | Period 3 | Period 4 | Period 5 | Period 6 | Period 7A | 50 | 50 | 80 | 50 | 50 | 50 | 50B | 40 | 50 | 40 | 50 | 50 | 40 | 40C | 40 | 30 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 40D | 50 | 40 | 50 | 40 | 50 | 50 | 50E | 30 | 30 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 30 | 30F | 40 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 40G | 30 | 40 | 50 | 40 | 30 | 40 | 50
The available capacity (AC) will be used to generate the modified requirement schedule, which is given in the table below:Items | Period 1 | Period 2 | Period 3 | Period 4 | Period 5 | Period 6 | Period 7A | 20 | 20 | 30 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20B | 20 | 10 | 20 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 20C | 20 | 30 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20D | 10 | 20 | 10 | 20 | 10 | 10 | 10E | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10F | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20G | 25 | 20 | 10 | 20 | 25 | 20 | 10
Note that the values in the modified requirement schedule are equal to the lower of the original requirement and the corresponding available capacity. Hence, the capacity constraints are met. The modified requirement schedule represents the modified requirement that satisfies the available capacity.
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which statement about the design element space is true? a.) space is in the foreground. b.) form is in the background. c.) space can frame a design. d.) space is understood by positive spaces.
Answers
The correct statement about the design element of space is **(c) space can frame a design**.
Space in design refers to the area or distance between and around different elements within a composition. It can be both positive (occupied by elements) and negative (empty or unoccupied). Space plays a crucial role in composition and can be used to create balance, hierarchy, and emphasis.
In the context of the given options, the statement that space can frame a design is true. Negative space or the empty areas in a composition can be strategically used to frame or define the positive elements. By carefully considering and manipulating the space, designers can create a sense of structure and organization within their designs. The relationship between positive and negative spaces is essential in creating visual interest and directing the viewer's attention.
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An AHSS tool is used to turn a steel workpiece that is 200 mm long and 50 mm in diameter. The parameters in the Taylor equation are: n = 0.15 and C = 100 (m/min) for a feed of 0.4 mm/
rev.
The labor rate = $22.00/hr, the burden rate is $10.00/hr, and each AHSS ceramic coated insert with 4 cutting edges, costs $30.00. It takes 3.0 min to load and unload the workpiece and 8.0 min to change tools and 2.0 minute to index. Determine:
1. The cutting speed for maximum production rate
2. The tool life in min of cutting, when using the maximum cutting speed found in (1).
3. The cost per unit of product, when using the maximum cutting speed found in (1).
4. The cutting speed for minimum unit cost.
5. The tool life in min of cutting, when using the maximum cutting speed found in (4),
6. The cycle time when using the maximum cutting speed found in (4),
Answers
1. Vc = 87.1 m/min
2. T = (100 / (87.1 x 0.150)) x 1/k
3. Cost per unit = ($30.00 + $4.00 + $15.44) / 200 = $0.24 per unit
4. Vc = 87.1 m/min is the cutting speed for the minimum unit cost.
5. T = (100 / (24.6 x 0.150)) x 1/k
6. Cycle time = 2.29 min
1. The cutting speed for maximum production rate:
In order to find the cutting speed for maximum production rate, we have to use the Taylor equation, which can be represented as:
Vc = C x f^n, where Vc = cutting speed, f = feed, n and C are constants.
The value of n is 0.15 and C is 100 m/min, and the feed is 0.4 mm/rev.
Vc = C x f^n
Vc = 100 x (0.4^0.15)
Vc = 100 x 0.871
Vc = 87.1 m/min
2. The tool life in min of cutting, when using the maximum cutting speed found in (1):
The tool life equation is given as:
T = (C / Vcn) x 1/k, where k = constant. The value of C, Vc, and n are known.
T = (C / Vcn) x 1/k
T = (100 / (87.1 x 0.150)) x 1/k. The value of k is not given. So we cannot calculate the tool life.
3. The cost per unit of product, when using the maximum cutting speed found in (1):
The formula for cost per unit of production is:
Cost per unit = (cost of tooling + labor cost + machine cost) / number of units produced
The cost of tooling includes the cost of each insert, the labor cost includes the burden rate and the labor rate, and the machine cost includes the cycle time, loading time, and indexing time.
Cost of tooling = $30.00
Labor cost = ($22.00/hr + $10.00/hr) x (3 + 8 + 2) / 60 = $4.00
Machine cost = ($22.00/hr + $10.00/hr) x (3 + 8 + 2 + (200 / 24.6)) / 60 = $15.44
Cost per unit = ($30.00 + $4.00 + $15.44) / 200 = $0.24 per unit
4. The cutting speed for minimum unit cost:
The formula for unit cost can be represented as:
Unit cost = (cost of tooling + labor cost + machine cost) / number of units produced
Vc = 87.1 m/min is the cutting speed for the minimum unit cost.
5. The tool life in min of cutting, when using the maximum cutting speed found in (4):
The tool life equation is given as:
T = (C / Vcn) x 1/k, where k = constant. The value of C, Vc, and n are known.
T = (C / Vcn) x 1/k
T = (100 / (24.6 x 0.150)) x 1/k
The value of k is not given. So we cannot calculate the tool life.
6. The cycle time when using the maximum cutting speed found in (4):
The cycle time can be calculated as:
Cycle time = (length of workpiece) / Vc
Cycle time = 200 / 87.1 min
Cycle time = 2.29 min
Therefore, the cutting speed for maximum production rate is 87.1 m/min, the cost per unit of product when using this speed is $0.24 per unit, and the cycle time when using this speed is 2.29 min.
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an effective systems propsal repost should:
a. make vague recommendations
b. provide detailed and specific,covering every aspect of the answer
c. be writter clearly and concisely to convey key points
d. be written for any potential reader
Answers
An effective system proposal report should provide detailed and specific, covering every aspect of the answer.
Let's discuss the characteristics of an effective system proposal report. An effective system proposal report should be a clear and concise document that conveys the key points. It is the document that outlines the plan for a new or updated system. The proposal should address a specific problem, need, or issue within an organization or community and offer a solution to address that issue. A proposal should be written for any potential reader, such as stakeholders, funders, decision-makers, and community members.
The proposal should contain the following essential components:
Problem Statement - The proposal should begin by identifying the issue or problem the project will address. The statement should be clear and concise, and it should convey the problem's significance. Goals and Objectives - The proposal should state the goals and objectives of the project. The goals and objectives should be SMART (Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, and Time-bound). Project Activities - The proposal should outline the activities necessary to achieve the project's goals and objectives. The activities should be specific and well-defined, and they should include a timeline and a budget. Evaluation Plan - The proposal should include an evaluation plan to determine whether the project achieved its goals and objectives. Conclusion - The proposal should conclude by summarizing the project's significance, the benefits it will provide, and how it will address the problem or issue.know more about effective system proposal
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1. Cite one reason why ceramic materials are in general, harder yet more brittle than metals.
2. Why is nickel far more ductile than cobalt when both have similar bond strength and melt in the range of 1450 to 1500
Answers
(1)Ceramic materials are in general, harder yet more brittle than metals because of their atomic bonding and crystal structure. Ceramics often have ionic or covalent bonding, which leads to strong bonds between atoms.(2)Nickel is far more ductile than cobalt because of its crystal structure. Nickel has a face-centered cubic (FCC) crystal structure, which allows for the easy movement of dislocations
One reason why ceramic materials are generally harder yet more brittle than metals is due to their atomic bonding and crystal structure. Ceramics often have ionic or covalent bonding, which leads to strong bonds between atoms. This strong bonding contributes to their hardness. However, ceramics also tend to have a more rigid and ordered crystal structure, which makes it difficult for dislocations to move and accommodate plastic deformation. This lack of dislocation movement results in brittleness, as ceramic materials are more prone to fracture under applied stress. Although nickel and cobalt have similar bond strengths and similar melting temperatures, the difference in their ductility can be attributed to their crystal structures and the ease of dislocation movement. Nickel has a face-centered cubic (FCC) crystal structure, which allows for the easy movement of dislocations. This crystal structure has multiple slip systems, enabling dislocations to glide and accommodate plastic deformation more readily. On the other hand, cobalt has a hexagonal close-packed (HCP) crystal structure, which has fewer slip systems and more restricted dislocation movement. This limited dislocation mobility in cobalt leads to decreased ductility compared to nickel, despite their similar bond strengths and melting temperatures.To learn more about face-centered cubic (FCC) visit: https://brainly.com/question/17111818
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how does opening multiple ports simultaneously speed up the display of the web page on your browser
Answers
Opening multiple ports simultaneously can potentially speed up networking operations by allowing multiple streams of data to be transmitted or received in parallel.
When a network connection is established between two devices, a single socket or port is typically used for the communication. This means that all data being transmitted or received must pass through that single socket, which can create a bottleneck if the amount of data is large or if the connection speed is slow.
However, if multiple sockets or ports are used simultaneously, then data can be transmitted or received in parallel, which can increase the overall throughput and speed up the operation.
For example, if a file is being downloaded and multiple ports are used simultaneously, different parts of the file can be downloaded in parallel, rather than waiting for each part to complete before downloading the next.
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A ________ is a person or organization that seeks to obtain or alter data or other IS assets illegally, without the owners' permission.
A.
threat
B.
safeguard
C.
security flaw
D.
target
E.
vulnerability
Answers
A threat is a person or organization that seeks to obtain or alter data or other IS assets illegally, without the owners' permission.The correct option is A. threat.
A threat is an indication of impending danger or harm that may happen to an information system or organization. In cybersecurity, a threat is any potential danger that may exploit a vulnerability to breach security and do harm to an information system or organization.Examples of cybersecurity threats include ransomware, phishing, distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks, and malware. Hackers and cybercriminals are the most common types of threats, and they usually target financial institutions, healthcare organizations, and government agencies.
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Develop a MATLAB program that will solve a system of linear equations using Determinants: *Cramer's Rule* for a (3x4) matrix.
DO NOT use the Matrix Solver functions contained in MATLAB.
Answers
Sure! Here's an example MATLAB program that solves a system of linear equations using Cramer's Rule for a 3x4 matrix:
```matlab
% Input the coefficient matrix
A = input('Enter the coefficient matrix A (3x3): ');
% Input the constant matrix
B = input('Enter the constant matrix B (3x1): ');
% Calculate the determinant of the coefficient matrix
det_A = det(A);
% Initialize the solution vector
X = zeros(3, 1);
% Apply Cramer's Rule
for i = 1:3
% Create a temporary matrix by replacing the i-th column with the constant matrix
temp_A = A;
temp_A(:, i) = B;
% Calculate the determinant of the temporary matrix
det_temp_A = det(temp_A);
% Calculate the solution for the i-th variable
X(i) = det_temp_A / det_A;
end
% Display the solution
disp('The solution for the system of linear equations:');
disp(X);
```
In this program, the user is prompted to enter the coefficient matrix `A` (3x3) and the constant matrix `B` (3x1). The determinant of matrix `A` is calculated using the `det` function in MATLAB. The program then uses a loop to apply Cramer's Rule by replacing each column of `A` with `B` and calculating the determinants of the resulting matrices. Finally, the solution vector `X` is displayed, representing the values of the variables in the system of linear equations.
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which of the following statements are true regarding software?
Answers
**Regarding software, the following statements are true:** Software refers to a collection of instructions and data that tell a computer how to perform specific tasks.
It is intangible and exists in the form of programs, applications, or operating systems. **Software can be customized to meet specific user requirements** and is often updated or upgraded to improve functionality or fix bugs.
Software can be classified into two main categories: system software and application software. **System software** includes the operating system, device drivers, and utilities that manage computer hardware and provide a platform for running applications. **Application software** encompasses programs designed for specific tasks, such as word processing, graphic design, or video editing.
Software development involves several stages, including design, coding, testing, and maintenance. It can be developed using different programming languages and frameworks, depending on the intended purpose and platform. Software development methodologies, such as agile or waterfall, help streamline the process and ensure efficient project management.
In conclusion, software plays a crucial role in enabling computers to perform various tasks, and it can be tailored to meet specific needs. It is classified into system and application software categories, and its development follows a structured process.
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In addition to providing the compositions of the liquid and vapor phases, T-x-y (and H-x-y) diagrams allow us to determine the relative amounts of vapor V and liquid L that compose the total sample at equilibrium. If a binary mixture with total mole fraction z separates into two phases in equilibrium, then the "lever rule" states that the ratio of the difference between the vapor and total composition (the length of AB in the diagram) to the difference between the total and liquid compositions (length AC in the diagram) is equal to the ratio of L to V: AB / AC = L.V, Use a material balance to derive this rule.
Answers
The "lever rule" states that the ratio of the difference between the vapor and total composition (AB) to the difference between the total and liquid compositions (AC) is equal to the ratio of the liquid phase (L) to the vapor phase (V): AB / AC = L / V.
In addition to providing the compositions of the liquid and vapor phases, T-x-y (and H-x-y) diagrams allow us to determine the relative amounts of vapor V and liquid L that compose the total sample at equilibrium. If a binary mixture with total mole fraction z separates into two phases in equilibrium, then the "lever rule" states that the ratio of the difference between the vapor and total composition (the length of AB in the diagram) to the difference between the total and liquid compositions (length AC in the diagram) is equal to the ratio of L to V: AB / AC = L.V, Use a material balance to derive this rule. A material balance is an application of the law of conservation of mass, which states that mass can neither be created nor destroyed.
As a result, the total mass in the reactor should be equal before and after the reaction.The total amount of a mixture in the reactor may be given by Z.The quantity of the component that is present in the liquid phase is L. As a result, V equals the quantity of the component present in the vapor phase. As a result, L+V=Z.Now let's examine the AB in the diagram. The total quantity of the mixture is represented by the distance AC. AB is the length of the vapor segment of AC, and AV is the length of the liquid section of AC. Because the quantity of vapor is V, the quantity of liquid must be L. Therefore, AB/AC = V/Z.Substituting V=Z-L into the previous equation gives AB/AC = (Z-L)/Z.Rewriting it gives AB/AC = 1-L/Z.Dividing both sides by (1-L/Z) gives AB/AC = V/L.Now, we know that AB/AC = V/L, and we may utilize this equation to solve problems involving ternary phase diagrams. As a result, this rule is derived from a material balance.
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Eutrophication is a process whereby lakes, estuaries, or slow-moving streams receive excess nutrients that stimulate excessive plant growth. fn Click the icon to view more information about eutrophication Ea click the icon to view the exponential model for the concentration of agae. (a) For the exponential model shown. st the value and units of the parameters m and b. You do not need to simplify any units. Recall that an exponential model has the form Exponential y be mx m exponent b constant More Info The value of the parameter m is Type an integer or decimal rounded to two decimal places as needed More Info This enhanced plant growth, often called an algal bloom, reduces dissolved oxygen in the water when dead plant material decomposes and can cause other organisms to die. Nutrients can come from many sources, such as fertilizers: deposition of nitrogen from the atmosphere; erosion of sail containing nutrients; and sewage treatment plant discharges. Water with a low concentration of dissolved oxygen is called hypoxic. A biosystems engineering models the algae growth in a lake. The concentration of algae (C), measured in grams per milliliter [g/mL], can be calculated by c 30 10.11 t where Co initial concentration of algae k multiplication rate of the algae [?l estimated nutrient supply amount [mg of nutrient per mL of sample waterl Time (t) days me [days] ear All
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Eutrophication is a process whereby lakes, estuaries, or slow-moving streams receive excess nutrients that stimulate excessive plant growth. fn Click the icon to view more information about eutrophication Ea click the icon to view the exponential model for the concentration of agae.The value of the parameter b for the given exponential model is 30 grams per milliliter (g/mL).
The value of the parameter m is 0.11. The units of m are days-1.
The value of the parameter b is 30. The units of b are g/mL.
The exponential model for the concentration of algae is:
C = 30 * 10^(0.11t)
where:
C is the concentration of algae (g/mL) t is the time (days) m is the multiplication rate of the algae (days-1) b is the initial concentration of algae (g/mL)For the exponential model, y = be^(mx) where y is the dependent variable, b is the y-intercept, m is the slope, and e is the exponential function. The concentration of algae (C) in grams per milliliter [g/mL] can be calculated using the formula c = 30e^(10.11t).The value of the parameter m for the given exponential model is 10.11 days^-1.The value of the parameter b for the given exponential model is 30 grams per milliliter (g/mL).
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What is the difference between technical skills and business skills? Explain how a computer science graduate might be strong in one area and weak in another. Discuss how the preparation for a CIS or MIS graduate is different from that for a computer science graduate.
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Technical Skills vs. Business Skills:Technical abilities refer to the particular information, expertise, and ability in taking advantage of tools, methods, and sciences related to the field or manufacturing.
What is technical skillsIn the context of robotics, mechanics skills would contain the study of computers, software happening, database administration, socializing for professional or personal gain, system presidency, cybersecurity, etc.
On the other hand, Business Skills encompass a more extensive set of abilities related to understanding and directing the business facets of an institution. These skills involve ideas, leadership, etc.
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Which of the following is not true about multi-switch VLANs?
A. The switches in the VLAN can send packets among themselves in a way that identifies the VLAN to which the frame belongs.
B. In some multi-switch VLANs, a new VLAN packet encapsulates the Ethernet packet.
C. VLAN configurations are limited to spanning over no more than two switches.
D. In some multi-switch VLANs, the Ethernet frame is modified based on the emerging IEEE 802.1q standard.
E. Several switches are used to build a VLAN
Answers
Only option C is not true about multi-switch VLANs as VLAN configurations are not limited to spanning over no more than two switches. VLANs can span across multiple switches.
VLANs (Virtual Local Area Networks) are frequently utilized in computer networking to create logical groups of networked devices. Multi-switch VLANs make it possible to segment networks using multiple switches. Switches in the VLAN can pass frames among themselves, identifying the VLAN to which the frame belongs. Options A, B, D, and E are all true about multi-switch VLANs. VLANs are intended to enhance network performance, security, and management. They allow for the segmentation of traffic between networked devices, allowing traffic to be sent to only those devices that need it. VLANs help to create logical groups of network devices, allowing network administrators to manage their networks more effectively.
In summary, VLANs can span over multiple switches, and this is not limited to only two switches. VLANs segment traffic between networked devices, enhancing network performance, security, and management. Multi-switch VLANs make it possible to segment networks using multiple switches.
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design a 3-bit synchronous counter that counts the odd numbers in decreasing order. use a flip-flop of your choice.'
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The counter will begin counting at 5 (101) and will count down to 1 (001), which is the largest odd number that can be represented in three bits.
A counter is a digital device that records (or counts) the number of times a particular event occurs. Synchronous counters are counters that use a common clock signal to drive all flip-flops. The output of one flip-flop is linked to the input of the following flip-flop. The last flip-flop in a counter is referred to as the modulus of the counter. Here, we'll design a 3-bit synchronous counter that counts the odd numbers in decreasing order. We will use a T-flip-flop in this case.A T-flip-flop is a flip-flop that toggles its output (Q) at each rising edge of a clock signal when its T input is high (1).A 3-bit counter can count from 0 to 7, and since we want the counter to count down odd numbers, it must begin at 5 (101 in binary).To create a synchronous counter, the output of one flip-flop is connected to the input of the next flip-flop. The flip-flops must all operate on the same clock signal. The output of the last flip-flop (the modulus) is connected to the input of the first flip-flop, creating a circular arrangement. The following is the logic table for the 3-bit synchronous counter that counts odd numbers in decreasing order:So, the counter will begin counting at 5 (101) and will count down to 1 (001), which is the largest odd number that can be represented in three bits.
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Help meeeeeeeee plzzzzz need explanation
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the picture is blank for me what does it say i can comment the answer plz mark brainlyist
Using a small cube as a representative volume of material, illustrate graphically all the six independent components of strains that determine the state of strain in the volume of material that is enclosed by the cube. Indicate in your schematics, the change in shape produced by each of the normal strain and shear strain components.
Answers
Answer:
Attached below
Explanation:
Attached below is the schematic diagram of a small cube representing volume of material and all the six independent components of strains that will determine the state of strain
Note : Attached below is a free hand diagram of the cube indicating the six independent components of strains and a screen shot of the change in shape produced by each of the normal strain and shear strain components
( drawn with online tools )
3. A pump draws water from a reservoir through a 150 mm diameter suction pipe and delivers it to a 75 mm diameter discharging pipe.
a.The end of the suction pipe is 2 m below the free surface of the reservoir.
b.The pressure gage on the discharge pipe (2 m above the reservoir surface) reads 170 kPa.
c.The average speed in the discharge pipe is 3 m/s.
d.If the pump efficiency is 75 %, determine the power required to drive it.
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A pump draws water from a reservoir through a 150 mm diameter suction pipe and delivers it to a 75 mm diameter discharging pipe.The end of the suction pipe is 2 m below the free surface of the reservoir.The gauge pressure on the discharge pipe (2 m above the reservoir surface) reads 170 kPa.The average speed in the discharge pipe is 3 m/s.If the pump efficiency is 75 %,the power required to drive the pump is: P = 1495 W
The power required to drive the pump is given by the following equation:
P = ρgQh/η
where:
P is the power required (W) ρ is the density of water (1000 kg/m3) g is the acceleration due to gravity (9.81 m/s2) Q is the volumetric flow rate (m3/s) h is the total head (m) η is the pump efficiency (75%)The volumetric flow rate is given by the following equation:
Q = vA
where:
v is the average speed in the discharge pipe (3 m/s) A is the cross-sectional area of the discharge pipe (0.00442 m2)Therefore, the volumetric flow rate is:
Q = 3 * 0.00442 = 0.01326 m3/s
The total head is given by the following equation:
h = z1 + P1/ρg + v12/2g - z2 - P2/ρg - v22/2g
where:
z1 is the elevation of the suction pipe (2 m) P1 is the pressure at the suction pipe (101.325 kPa) v1 is the velocity at the suction pipe (0 m/s) z2 is the elevation of the discharge pipe (2 m) P2 is the pressure at the discharge pipe (170 kPa) v2 is the velocity at the discharge pipe (3 m/s)Therefore, the total head is:
h = 2 + 101.325/(1000 * 9.81) + 02/2 * 9.81 - 2 - 170/(1000 * 9.81) - 32/2 * 9.81 = 10.49 m
Therefore, the power required to drive the pump is:
P = 1000 * 9.81 * 0.01326 * 10.49/0.75 = 1495 W
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The flux density distribution over the surface of a two-pole stator of radius r and length l is given by: ( 20 points) B=B M
cos(ω m
t−α) Demonstrate that the total flux under each pole face is (Show all your work for full credit): ϕ=2rlB M
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we have demonstrated that the total flux under each pole face is ϕ = 2rlBM.
To demonstrate that the total flux under each pole face is given by ϕ = 2rlBM, we can calculate the flux using the given flux density distribution equation and integrate it over the surface area of the pole face.
The flux density distribution equation is given as:
B = BM * cos(ωmt - α)
Let's consider one pole face of the stator, which has a circular shape with a radius r and length l.
To find the total flux under the pole face, we need to integrate the flux density over the area of the pole face.
The area of the pole face can be calculated as:
A = π * r^2
Now, we can calculate the total flux by integrating the flux density over the area:
ϕ = ∫∫B * dA
Substituting the value of B from the given equation, we have:
ϕ = ∫∫(BM * cos(ωmt - α)) * dA
Since the flux density is constant over the entire pole face, we can take it out of the integral:
ϕ = BM * ∫∫cos(ωmt - α) * dA
Now, we can evaluate the integral over the area of the pole face:
ϕ = BM * ∫∫cos(ωmt - α) * dA
= BM * ∫∫cos(ωmt - α) * r * dr * dl
= BM * r * l * ∫∫cos(ωmt - α) * dr * dl
Integrating with respect to r and l, we get:
ϕ = BM * r * l * ∫∫cos(ωmt - α) * dr * dl
= BM * r * l * [sin(ωmt - α)] * ∫∫dr * dl
= BM * r * l * [sin(ωmt - α)] * A
Since the integral of dr * dl over the area A gives the total area, we have:
∫∫dr * dl = A
Therefore, the total flux under each pole face is given by:
ϕ = BM * r * l * [sin(ωmt - α)] * A
= BM * r * l * [sin(ωmt - α)] * π * r^2
= 2rlBM
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Consider the following E20 assembly language program, which will find the largest number in an array. You've seen this program before.
main:
movi $1,0
# ram [0]
movi $7,0
# ram [1]
repeat:
lw $2, array ($1)
# ram [2]
jeq $2, $0, done
# ram [3]
slt $5, $7, $2
# ram [4]
jeq $5, $0, next
# ram [5]
add $7, $0, $2
next:
# ram [6]
addi $1, $1, 1
# ram [7]
j repeat
# ram [8]
done:
halt
# ram [9]
array:
.fill 53
# ram [10]
A conditional jump in the form of a jeq instruction can cause a control hazard because it's not clear which instruction should be put in the pipeline next. Each conditional jump may have one of two possible resolutions: either it will branch (i.e. the next instruction in the pipeline is the target of the jump) or it will not not branch (i.e. the next instruction in the pipeline is the instruction in the subsequent memory location after the conditional jump instruction).
In all cases, if the next instruction is predicted wrong (a misprediction), it must be squashed from the pipeline, and the correct instruction fetched after a bubble. To avoid the penalty of frequent mispredictions, we want to choose the best possible branch predictor.
In case of control hazards caused by a conditional jump instruction such as jeq, stalls can be reduced by using a branch predictor. In class, we discussed three kinds of branch predictors:
• Predict branch taken - After a conditional jump, the next instruction in the pipeline will the be
the target of the jump.
• Predict branch not taken - After a conditional jump, the next instruction in the pipeline will be the instruction at the subsequent memory address.
⚫ Dynamic prediction - After a conditional jump, the next instruction will be chosen based on the resolution of the previous execution of the conditional jump. If there was no previous execution of the conditional jump, predict that the branch will not be taken.
In answering the following questions about the above E20 program, assume that each misprediction results in a penalty of 3 clock cycles, occupied by a pipeline bubble while the correct instruction is executed. For the purposes of this exercise, you can ignore other hazards.
(a) What will be the total misprediction penalty accrued in the above program, if it is run on a processor that always predicts branch taken? Justify your answer.
(b) What will be the total misprediction penalty accrued in the above program, if it is run on a processor that always predicts branch not taken? Justify your answer.
(c) What will be the total misprediction penalty accrued in the above program, if it is run on a
processor that uses dynamic prediction based on the previous resolution? Justify your answer.
Answers
(a) The program will run 54 times before the final misprediction of the conditional jump. Thus, the total misprediction penalty will be (54-1)*3 = 159
(b) The program will run 1 time before the first misprediction of the conditional jump. Thus, the total misprediction penalty will be 53*3 = 159
(c) The program will run 1 time before the first misprediction of the conditional jump. Thus, the total misprediction penalty will be 53*3 = 159.
Consider the following E20 assembly language program which will find the largest number in an array. We need to determine the total misprediction penalty accrued in the above program, if it is run on a processor that always predicts branch taken, if it is run on a processor that always predicts branch not taken, and if it is run on a processor that uses dynamic prediction based on the previous resolution.
(a) If the above program is run on a processor that always predicts branch taken, then the program will face a misprediction penalty for every conditional jump instruction. The program consists of one conditional jump instruction i.e. jeq $2, $0, done and the branch will not be taken when the value of $2 is not equal to 0. The program will run 54 times before the final misprediction of the conditional jump. Thus, the total misprediction penalty will be (54-1)*3 = 159.
(b) If the above program is run on a processor that always predicts branch not taken, then the program will face a misprediction penalty every time the conditional jump is executed and the branch is taken. The program consists of one conditional jump instruction i.e. jeq $2, $0, done. If the value of $2 is equal to 0, the branch will be taken. The program will run 1 time before the first misprediction of the conditional jump. Thus, the total misprediction penalty will be 53*3 = 159.
(c) If the above program is run on a processor that uses dynamic prediction based on the previous resolution, then the program will face misprediction penalty when the processor incorrectly predicts the outcome of a conditional branch. If there was no previous execution of the conditional jump, predict that the branch will not be taken. The program consists of one conditional jump instruction i.e. jeq $2, $0, done. If the value of $2 is equal to 0, the branch will be taken. The program will run 1 time before the first misprediction of the conditional jump. Thus, the total misprediction penalty will be 53*3 = 159.
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Air at 82.2'C having a humidity H-0.0655 kg H20/kg dry air is contacted in an adiabatic saturator with water. It leaves at 80% saturation. (a) what are the final values of H and TC? (b) For 100% saturation, what would be the values of H and T?
Answers
The values of H and T for 100% saturation are H2 = 0.061 kg H2O/kg dry air and TC = 2.2°C.
(a) The final values of H and TC:
The values of H and TC can be calculated using the following formula: Humidity ratio, w = mass of water vapour/mass of dry air. TC = Dry bulb temperature - Wet bulb temperature. So, it can be calculated as follows:
The initial condition is as follows:
The temperature of air, Ta = 82.2°C
Humidity of air, Ha = 0.0655 kg H2O/kg dry air
It is known that the air is contacted in an adiabatic saturator with water and leaves at 80% saturation.
Relative humidity of the air, Rh = 80%
The temperature of air, Ta = 80°C
Using the given values, the final values of H and TC can be calculated.
From the steam table, the vapour pressure at Ta = 82.2°C and Ha = 0.0655 kg H2O/kg dry air is P1 = 1.1894 kPa.
At 80% saturation, the vapour pressure is Pv = 0.8P2.
The temperature of saturated air, Ts = 80°C
The difference between the dry bulb temperature and wet bulb temperature, TC can be calculated using the formula:
TC = Ta - Ts
TC = 2.2°C
The saturation vapor pressure at 80°C is 4.2435 kPa. Therefore, P2 = 0.8(4.2435) = 3.3948 kPa.
The final humidity can be calculated as:
H2 = 0.622P2/(Pa - P2)
H2 = (0.622 × 3.3948)/(101.325 - 3.3948)
H2 = 0.046 kg H2O/kg dry air
(b) The values of H and T for 100% saturation:
When the relative humidity of the air is 100%, it becomes saturated air. The values of H and T can be calculated as follows:
The vapor pressure of saturated air at T = 80°C is 4.2435 kPa. Therefore, the final humidity can be calculated as:
H2 = 0.622Pv/(Pa - Pv)
H2 = (0.622 × 4.2435)/(101.325 - 4.2435)
H2 = 0.061 kg H2O/kg dry air
The final temperature can be calculated as:
TC = Ta - Ts
TC = 2.2°C
Therefore, the values of H and T for 100% saturation are H2 = 0.061 kg H2O/kg dry air and TC = 2.2°C.
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learn about jk flip-flop ic 74107. draw truth table for the output q and q’. consider all inputs including clear
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JK flip-flop IC 74107 is a type of flip-flop made of J-K inputs, along with preset and clear inputs. The truth table for the output Q and Q' was also provided, considering all inputs including clear.
JK flip-flop IC 74107 is a type of flip-flop made of J-K inputs, along with preset and clear inputs. The JK flip-flop can be used to count or for storage of data in the electronics system. It is a useful component that is frequently utilized in digital circuits. The truth table for a JK flip-flop IC 74107 is provided below: J K PR CLR Q Q' 0 0 0 1 Q No Change 0 0 1 0 1 No Change 0 1 0 1 0 No Change 0 1 1 0 1 No Change 1 0 0 1 1 No Change 1 0 1 0 1 No Change 1 1 0 1 Q' Q 1 1 1 0 Q' Q.
The flip-flop is cleared when a logical 1 is applied to the CLR input and is preset when a logical 1 is applied to the PR input. The J and K inputs are responsible for setting, resetting, or toggling the flip-flop. In addition, when a clock pulse is applied to the IC 74107 JK flip-flop, it is able to store the logic state of the J and K inputs.
The IC 74107 JK flip-flop has two outputs: Q and Q'. The output Q is the same as the input J when the clock pulse occurs and Q' is the inverse of Q. In conclusion, JK flip-flop IC 74107 is a type of flip-flop made of J-K inputs, along with preset and clear inputs. The truth table for the output Q and Q' was also provided, considering all inputs including clear.
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what is the most important lean principle to understand and maximize? select one. question 1 options: flow requirements gantt charts plan-driven approach
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The most important lean principle to understand and maximize is **flow**. Flow focuses on optimizing the smooth and continuous movement of work through a system, eliminating waste, bottlenecks, and delays. By prioritizing flow, organizations can achieve faster delivery, reduced lead times, increased productivity, and improved customer satisfaction.
Flow entails visualizing and analyzing the value stream, identifying and addressing constraints, implementing pull-based systems, and fostering collaboration and communication within teams. It emphasizes the steady and efficient progression of work, enabling a steady flow of value from start to finish. While requirements, Gantt charts, and plan-driven approaches have their own significance, flow is fundamental to lean thinking and forms the basis for other lean principles such as pull systems, one-piece flow, and continuous improvement. By optimizing flow, organizations can enhance overall performance and responsiveness while minimizing waste and inefficiencies.
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a tensile specimen with a 12mm initial diameter and 50mm gage length reaches maximum load at 90KN and fractures at 70KN
the minimum diameter at fracture is 10mm
determine the engineering stress at maximum load and the true fracture stress.
Answers
Answer:
i) 796.18 N/mm^2
ii) 1111.11 N/mm^2
Explanation:
Initial diameter ( D ) = 12 mm
Gage Length = 50 mm
maximum load ( P ) = 90 KN
Fractures at = 70 KN
minimum diameter at fracture = 10mm
Calculate the engineering stress at Maximum load and the True fracture stress
i) Engineering stress at maximum load = P/ A
= P / [tex]\pi \frac{D^2}{4}[/tex] = 90 * 10^3 / ( 3.14 * 12^2 ) / 4
= 90,000 / 113.04 = 796.18 N/mm^2
ii) True Fracture stress = P/A
= 90 * 10^3 / ( 3.24 * 10^2) / 4
= 90000 / 81 = 1111.11 N/mm^2