In this situation, the company is willing to buy a maximum of 1 million shares, and only 900,000 have been tendered. Therefore, the company can buy 100,000 more shares.The investor has tendered 1,000 shares, which is less than the number of shares the company is willing to buy.(option D)
A tender offer is a bid by a publicly traded corporation or a third party to purchase a large percentage of a company's outstanding shares. Tender offers are made to shareholders and are considered a more aggressive means of acquiring a company. Tender offers may be initiated by an outside party or by the company itself. When a company announces a tender offer, it typically sets a price at which it is willing to purchase shares from investors. This price is often set above the current market value of the shares to encourage shareholders to tender their shares. The company may also set a maximum number of shares it is willing to purchase. Shareholders who want to participate in the offer must tender their shares by the deadline specified by the company.
In this case, a company announces a tender offer to its shareholders with the intent to buy a maximum of 1 million shares of its outstanding stock at $10 per share and sets no minimum number of shares to be purchased. An investor wants to participate in this offer and tenders his 1,000 share position. At the close of the offer period, only 900,000 shares have been tendered.In this situation, the company is willing to buy a maximum of 1 million shares, and only 900,000 have been tendered. Therefore, the company can buy 100,000 more shares.
The investor has tendered 1,000 shares, which is less than the number of shares the company is willing to buy. Therefore, the company will buy all 1,000 of the investor's shares. So, the answer is 1,000.(option D)
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Use the following information to answer the following question(s).A Max, Inc. deposited $2,000 in a bank account that pays 12% interest annually.How many periods would it take for the deposit to grow to $6,798 if the interest is compounded semiannually? Answer a. 17 b. 19 c. 21 d. 25
It would take approximately 19 periods (or years) for the deposit to grow to $6,798 with semiannual compounding. The closest answer choice is b) 19.
To determine the number of periods it would take for the deposit to grow to $6,798 with semiannual compounding, we can use the formula for compound interest:
[tex]A = P(1 + r/n)^(nt)[/tex]
Where:
A = Final amount ($6,798)
P = Principal amount ($2,000)
r = Annual interest rate (12% or 0.12)
n = Number of compounding periods per year (2 for semiannual compounding)
t = Number of years
We need to solve for t. Rearranging the formula, we have:
t = log(A/P) / (n * log(1 + r/n))
Substituting the given values into the formula:
t = log(6,798/2,000) / (2 * log(1 + 0.12/2))
Using a calculator, we can calculate the value of t:
t ≈ 19.03
Therefore, it would take approximately 19 periods (or years) for the deposit to grow to $6,798 with semiannual compounding. The closest answer choice is b) 19.
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This short exercise demonstrates the similarity and the difference between two ways to acquire plant assets. (Click the icon to view the cases.) Compare the balances in all the accounts after making both sets of entries. Are the account balances the same or different? Journalize the transactions for cases A and B. (Record debits first, then credits. Exclude explanations from any joumal entries.) Let's begin with case A - Record the issuance of the common stock. Journal Entry Accounts Case A - Record the purchase of the building and equipment. Journal Entry Accounts Case B - Record the issuance of the common stock acquire assets The account balances are Journal Entry Accounts Debit Debit Debit Credit Credit Credit Compare the balances in all accounts after making both sets of entries. Are the account balances similar or different? More info Case A - Issue stock and buy the assets in separate transactions: Atar Company issued 20,000 shares of its $30 par common stock for cash of $756,000. In a separate transaction, Atar used the cash to purchase a building for $548,000 and equipment for $208,000. Journalize the two transactions. Case B - Issue stock to acquire the assets in a single transaction: Atar Company issued 20,000 shares of its $30 par common stock to acquire a building with a market value of $548,000 and equipment with a market value of $208,000. Journalize this transaction. Print Done - X
The account balances will be the same after making both sets of entries.
In both Case A and Case B, the issuance of common stock will result in an increase in the common stock account and a corresponding increase in the cash account. However, in Case A, the purchase of the building and equipment is recorded separately, resulting in separate increases in the building and equipment accounts and decreases in the cash account.
In Case B, the acquisition of assets is recorded as a single transaction, resulting in an increase in the building and equipment accounts and a decrease in the common stock account. Overall, the total debits and credits will be the same in both cases, resulting in the same account balances.
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Sky Castle Manufacturing Company incurred the following costs during its current production of 2,500 teddy bears, alongside its office and administrative operations:
· Direct materials used, P80 per unit
· Indirect materials, P40,000 (P16 per unit)
· Direct labor, 3 hours per teddy bear at P60 per hour
· Indirect labor, P80,000 (1 hour per unit, P32 per hour)
· Office salaries, P354,000
· Depreciation - manufacturing equipment, P3,700
· Depreciation - office equipment, P4,800
· Rent of factory facility - P80,000
· Rent of office and selling space - P92,000
The management decided to conduct review of costs to restructure operations based on its strategic position. The following were the results of their developmental researches and analysis:
· The purchasing department was able to look for a supplier which can reduce direct material cost to P65 per unit and reduce total indirect materials by P2 per unit. The management has evaluated that these materials are of the same quality as what they are currently using.
· Another supplier is known to offer P90 per unit of higher quality raw materials with no change in indirect labor.
· Upon review of in-house time and motion studies, direct labor can be reduced to 2.50 hours per teddy bear by eradicating nonvalue-adding activities. Total number of employees will not be changed and indirect labor will not be changed.
All office salaries, depreciation, and rent costs are fixed.
Relating to Sky Castle Manufacturing Company's current production, how much are total product costs and period costs?
a. P770,000 and P534,500, respectively.
b. P650,000 and P654,500, respectively.
c. P853,700 and P450,800, respectively.
d. P1,304,500 and P-0-, respectively.
e. None of the above
Sky Castle Manufacturing Company's current production, we need to analyze the given costs and their classification. The correct answer is
A that is "P770,000 and P534,500, respectively".
Total product costs include direct materials, direct labor, and manufacturing overhead costs directly attributable to the production of goods.
Given the information,
we can calculate the total product costs and period costs as follows,
Total product costs,
Direct materials used = P80 per unit * 2,500 units = P200,000
Direct labor = 2.50 hours per teddy bear * P60 per hour * 2,500 units = P375,000
Indirect materials = P40,000
Indirect labor = P80,000
Depreciation - manufacturing equipment = P3,700
Total product costs = Direct materials + Direct labor + Indirect materials + Indirect labor + Depreciation
Total product costs = P200,000 + P375,000 + P40,000 + P80,000 + P3,700
Total product costs = P698,700
Period costs:
Office salaries = P354,000
Depreciation - office equipment = P4,800
Rent of factory facility = P80,000
Rent of office and selling space = P92,000
Period costs = Office salaries + Depreciation - office equipment + Rent of factory facility + Rent of office and selling space
Period costs = P354,000 + P4,800 + P80,000 + P92,000
Period costs = P530,800
Therefore, the correct answer is A.
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When there is a significant increase in the estimated total contract costs but the increase does not eliminate all profit on the contract, which of the following is correct? A. Under the cost-recovery method of d only t y, the estimated cost increase requires a current penod adjustment of excess gross profit recognized on the project in prior penods B. Under the percentage of completion method only the estimated cost increase requires a curent period adjustment of excess gross profit recognized on the project in prior periods C. No curent period adjustment is required D. Under both the percentage of completion and the cost recovery methods, the estimated cost increase naqures a current period adjustment of excess gross profit recognized on the project in prior periods
When there is a significant increase in the estimated total contract costs but the increase does not eliminate all profit on the contract, under both the percentage of completion and the cost recovery methods, the estimated cost increase requires a current period adjustment of excess gross profit recognized on the project in prior periods.
So, the correct option is D
What is the percentage of completion method?The percentage of completion method is an accounting approach that recognizes revenues and expenses associated with long-term projects over time. It is a method of accounting for long-term contracts. The percentage of completion method is used to decide how much revenue and expenses should be recorded on a project during a given reporting period.
The Cost Recovery method, on the other hand, is used only when there is an uncertainty about the final contract costs. Therefore, under both methods, an increase in the estimated total contract costs will require a current period adjustment of excess gross profit recognized on the project in previous periods.
Hence, The correct option is D.
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The Ornate Company has the following information pertaining to the month of March: Units of output, actual 21,000 Fixed costs, actual $ 497,000 Operating profit, master budget $ 220,000 Sales price variance $ 84,000 U Beginning and ending inventories 0 Sales volume variance, revenue $ 300,000 U Budgeted selling price per unit $ 100 Variable costs, master budget $ 1,680,000 Contribution margin, actual $ 516,000 Required: Prepare a performance report for March including columns for the (a) actual results, (b) flexible budget, (c) flexible budget variance, (d) master budget, and (e) sales activity variance
(a) Actual Results: Contribution margin, actual: $516,000.
(b) Flexible Budget = $420,000
(c) Flexible Budget Variance = Not provided - $420,000
(d) Master Budget: The master budget represents the planned budget
(e) Sales Activity Variance = (Not provided) - (Revenue in Master Budget)
To prepare a performance report for The Ornate Company for the month of March, we will analyze the provided information and calculate the necessary components. Let's break down each column:
(a) Actual Results:
Units of output: 21,000Fixed costs: $497,000Operating profit: Not providedSales price variance: $84,000 UBeginning and ending inventories: 0Sales volume variance, revenue: $300,000 UBudgeted selling price per unit: $100Variable costs, master budget: $1,680,000Contribution margin, actual: $516,000(b) Flexible Budget:
The flexible budget is based on the actual level of activity. We can calculate it by multiplying the actual units of output by the budgeted selling price per unit and deducting the variable costs.
Flexible Budget = (Actual Units of Output) x (Budgeted Selling Price per Unit) - Variable Costs
Flexible Budget = (21,000) x ($100) - $1,680,000
Flexible Budget = $2,100,000 - $1,680,000
Flexible Budget = $420,000
(c) Flexible Budget Variance:
The flexible budget variance is the difference between the actual operating profit and the operating profit in the flexible budget.
Flexible Budget Variance = Actual Operating Profit - Operating Profit in Flexible Budget
Flexible Budget Variance = (Not provided) - $420,000
Flexible Budget Variance = Not provided - $420,000
(d) Master Budget:
The master budget represents the planned budget for the month of March and includes the expected operating profit of $220,000.
(e) Sales Activity Variance:
The sales activity variance is the difference between the actual revenue and the revenue in the master budget.
Sales Activity Variance = Actual Revenue - Revenue in Master Budget
Sales Activity Variance = (Not provided) - (Revenue in Master Budget)
To complete the performance report, we need the actual operating profit and the revenue in the master budget. Unfortunately, this information is not provided, so we cannot calculate the flexible budget variance and the sales activity variance accurately. Please provide the missing values to complete the performance report for The Ornate Company in March.
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Bellingham Suit Co. has received a shipment of suits that cost $200 each. If the company uses cost-plus pricing and applies a markup percentage of 60%, what is the sales price per suit?
$333
$320
$500
$280
The answer is $320.To calculate the sales price, we first need to find the amount of markup. Markup is calculated by multiplying the cost of the product by the markup percentage. In this case, the markup is $200 x 60% = $120.
The sales price is then calculated by adding the markup to the cost of the product. In this case, the sales price is $200 + $120 = $320.Here is an explanation of the calculation:
Cost-plus pricing is a pricing strategy where the seller adds a markup to the cost of the product to arrive at a selling price. The markup percentage is the amount of profit that the seller wants to make on each sale. The sales price is the price that the seller charges the customer for the product.
In this case, the cost-plus pricing strategy is used to determine the sales price of a suit that costs $200. The markup percentage is 60%, which means that the seller wants to make a profit of $120 on each sale. The sales price is therefore $200 + $120 = $320.
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Cooperton Mining just announced it will cut its dividend from $3.81 to $2.71 per share and use the extra funds to expand. Prior to the announcement, Cooperton's dividends were expected to grow at a 3.5% rate, and its share price was $49.08. With the planned expansion, Cooperton's dividends are expected to grow at a 4.7% rate. What share price would you expect after the announcement?
The expected share price after Cooperton Mining's dividend cut and planned expansion is $44.43
What would be the expected share price?To calculate the expected share price after the dividend cut and planned expansion, we will use dividend discount model (DDM) formula:
Share Price = Dividend / (Required Rate of Return - Dividend Growth Rate)
RRR = Dividend Growth Rate + Dividend Yield
RRR = 3.5% + ($3.81 / $49.08)
RRR = 11.2%
After the announcement, the new RRR:
RRR = Dividend Growth Rate + Dividend Yield
RRR = 4.7% + ($2.71 / Current Share Price)
To find the new share price, we set up an equation using the DDM formula:
$49.08 = $2.71 / (RRR - 4.7%)
RRR = 4.7% + ($2.71 / $49.08)
RRR ≈ 10.8%
Share Price = $2.71 / (10.8% - 4.7%)
Share Price = $2.71 / 0.061
Share Price = 44.4262295082
Share Price = $44.43.
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Explain the Harrod-Domar model, Rostow’s Stage Theory, and
Lewis’ Structural Change Theory. Examine their similarities and
differences and how we can reconcile the differences?
The Harrod-Domar model and Rostow’s Stage Theory are both theories of economic growth and development that have been extensively used in explaining different aspects of economic growth.
The Harrod-Domar model states that the rate of economic growth depends on the level of savings and investment in an economy, while Rostow’s Stage Theory states that economies go through five stages of growth from traditional to modern. Despite their differences, both models provide insights into the process of economic growth and development in different contexts.The Harrod-Domar model was developed by economists Roy F. Harrod and Evsey Domar in the 1930s. It is a simple framework that relates the rate of economic growth to the level of savings and investment in an economy.
According to the model, an increase in savings and investment will lead to an increase in the rate of economic growth, which will in turn lead to higher levels of savings and investment. The model assumes that there is a constant relationship between the level of capital stock and output, and that the capital-output ratio is fixed in the short run. It also assumes that all investment is financed by savings.Rostow’s Stage Theory, on the other hand, is a more complex framework that describes the process of economic growth and development in different stages. According to Rostow, economies go through five stages of growth from traditional to modern: traditional society, preconditions for take-off, take-off, drive to maturity, and high mass consumption.
In the traditional society stage, the economy is based on subsistence agriculture and there is little or no trade. In the preconditions for take-off stage, the economy starts to diversify and there is an increase in investment in infrastructure. In the take-off stage, the economy experiences sustained growth and there is a rapid increase in industrialization. In the drive to maturity stage, the economy diversifies further and there is an increase in the level of technology. In the high mass consumption stage, the economy is characterized by high levels of consumption and services.Overall, both models provide insights into the process of economic growth and development in different contexts. While the Harrod-Domar model is more focused on the role of savings and investment in economic growth, Rostow’s Stage Theory provides a broader framework for understanding the different stages of economic growth.
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The inflation rate in the UK is at the highest since 2008 and it is expected to rise further in the summer. In this context, discuss the issues associated with high inflation. Explain how monetary policy tools used by the Bank of England help to control inflation.
The inflation rate in the UK is at the highest since 2008 and it is expected to rise further in the summer, in this context, discuss the issues associated with high inflation. The monetary policy tools used by the Bank of England help to control inflation by increasing interest rates, buying and selling government bonds, and adjusting reserve requirements
Inflation is a measure of the rate at which prices of goods and services are increasing over time. It is measured by tracking the price of a basket of goods over time. In the UK, the inflation rate is at the highest since 2008 and it is expected to rise further in the summer. High inflation can lead to various issues. For instance, it can erode the value of money as it reduces the purchasing power of people, this can be problematic for those who are on a fixed income, especially the pensioners.
It can also increase the cost of borrowing as lenders will demand higher interest rates to compensate for the reduced value of money over time. This can make it more expensive to take out loans or mortgages. The Bank of England uses various monetary policy tools to control inflation. These include increasing interest rates, buying and selling government bonds, and adjusting reserve requirements. By increasing interest rates, the Bank of England can reduce the amount of money in circulation, which can help to reduce inflation.
Similarly, buying government bonds can increase the money supply, which can help to boost economic growth and reduce inflation. Finally, adjusting reserve requirements can also help to control inflation by regulating the amount of money that banks can lend out. All of these tools help to regulate the money supply and ensure that inflation is kept under control. So therefore increasing interest rates, buying and selling government bonds, and adjusting reserve requirements are the way the Bank of England help to control inflation.
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Calculate the missing items in the income statement. Dollar amounts indicated are in thousands. The "Income Tax" field also includes interest expense and other income and losses. Company Coreindi Co. Year Ended December 31, 20XX Revenue $9,475,353 Cost of Goods Sold ($) Gross Margin 4,934,607 Operating Expenses 3,104,687 Income before Taxes ($) Income Tax* ($) Net Income (loss) 1,069,744 *Also includes interest expense and other income and losses.
The missing items in the income statement are as follows:
Cost of Goods Sold (COGS): $4,540,746
Income before Taxes: $1,829,920
Income Tax: $760,176
To calculate the missing items in the income statement, we can start by filling in the income tax amount. The income tax field includes interest expense and other income and losses, so it represents the total tax liability of the company. To find this amount, we need to subtract the net income from the income before taxes.
Income before taxes can be calculated by subtracting the operating expenses from the gross margin. So, we have:
Income before Taxes = Gross Margin - Operating Expenses
Income before Taxes = $4,934,607 - $3,104,687
Income before Taxes = $1,829,920
Next, we can calculate the income tax by subtracting the net income from the income before taxes:
Income Tax = Income before Taxes - Net Income
Income Tax = $1,829,920 - $1,069,744
Income Tax = $760,176
Finally, we can calculate the cost of goods sold (COGS) by subtracting the gross margin from the revenue:
COGS = Revenue - Gross Margin
COGS = $9,475,353 - $4,934,607
COGS = $4,540,746
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Choose a well-known, publicly-traded company that none of your other classmates have chosen, and explain what costs would be included in each of the three manufacturing cost categories. Include a link to this financial statement in your post. Participate in follow-up discussion by choosing two or more of your classmates' posts and adding your ideas about what costs might be included in the direct materials, direct labor, and manufacturing overhead cost categories for the company selected. Explain the cost behavior of each of the identified costs as fixed, variable, or mixed costs.
To analyze the costs of a specific company, you can search for their financial statements, specifically the income statement or the cost of goods sold (COGS) section. These statements will provide more detailed information on the breakdown of manufacturing costs.
The three manufacturing cost categories are:
Direct Materials: These costs include the raw materials that are directly used in the production process. They can include items like metals, fabrics, chemicals, or components. The cost of direct materials also includes any freight or transportation costs associated with acquiring the materials.
Direct Labor: This category includes the wages, salaries, and benefits of the workers directly involved in the production process. It involves the cost of the actual labor required to transform the raw materials into finished goods. Direct labor costs can vary based on the number of hours worked or the level of production.
Manufacturing Overhead: Manufacturing overhead represents all other costs incurred in the manufacturing process that cannot be directly attributed to specific units of production. It includes indirect materials, such as lubricants or cleaning supplies, as well as indirect labor, such as maintenance staff or quality control inspectors. Additionally, manufacturing overhead includes costs related to utilities, depreciation of manufacturing equipment, facility rent, and other indirect expenses. The cost behavior of manufacturing overhead costs can vary. Some costs, such as depreciation or rent, may be fixed, while others, like utilities or maintenance, may have a variable component.
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Inventory Analysis Costco Wholesale Corporation (COST) and Walmart Stores Inc. (WMT) compete against each other in general merchandise retailing, gas stations, pharmacies, and optical centers. Below i
Both Costco Wholesale Corporation (COST) and Walmart Stores Inc. (WMT) are major players in the retail industry, but they differ in their business models and approaches.
In terms of inventory analysis, Costco operates on a membership-based model, where customers pay an annual fee to access the store and benefit from bulk purchases at discounted prices. Costco focuses on a limited number of product categories and offers a wide selection of goods in each category. Their inventory management strategy revolves around maintaining high inventory turnover, reducing holding costs, and leveraging economies of scale. They emphasize efficient supply chain management to ensure quick replenishment and minimize stockouts.
On the other hand, Walmart operates as a traditional retailer with a vast product assortment across various categories. Their inventory analysis focuses on leveraging their extensive network of suppliers and distribution centers to ensure product availability and customer satisfaction. Walmart utilizes advanced technology, data analytics, and predictive algorithms to optimize its inventory levels, streamline logistics, and reduce out-of-stock situations.
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Your friend makes hand-crafted leather bags and sells them for $200 each. She sells 400 units in a month. Last month she decreased the price to $190, which increased the demand of bags to 440 units. What is the price elasticity of demand in this case?
The price elasticity of demand in this case is -2.
To calculate the price elasticity of demand, we need to determine the percentage change in quantity demanded divided by the percentage change in price.
Initially, the price was $200, and the quantity demanded was 400 units. When the price decreased to $190, the quantity demanded increased to 440 units.
The percentage change in quantity demanded is calculated as (440 - 400) / 400 = 0.1 or 10%.
The percentage change in price is calculated as (190 - 200) / 200 = -0.05 or -5%.
Using these values, we can now calculate the price elasticity of demand:
Price elasticity of demand = (% change in quantity demanded) / (% change in price) = 10% / -5% = -2
The price elasticity of demand in this case is -2. This means that a 1% decrease in price results in a 2% increase in quantity demanded. The demand for the leather bags is relatively elastic, indicating that consumers are responsive to changes in price.
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true/false. cutting-edge growth occurs primarily through capital accumulation and the adoption of simple ideas that already exist.
False. Cutting-edge growth occurs primarily through innovation and the development of new ideas. While capital accumulation and the adoption of existing ideas can contribute to growth, true breakthroughs and advancements are driven by the creation and implementation of novel concepts, technologies, and approaches.
While capital accumulation and the adoption of existing ideas can certainly contribute to economic growth, they are not the primary drivers of cutting-edge growth. True breakthroughs and advancements typically arise from innovation and the development of new ideas. Capital accumulation alone cannot guarantee progress, as it merely provides the resources necessary for implementation.
Similarly, the adoption of simple ideas that already exist may lead to incremental improvements, but it lacks the transformative power of truly original and groundbreaking concepts. Cutting-edge growth requires the generation of novel ideas, technologies, and approaches that push the boundaries of knowledge and lead to significant advancements in various fields. Innovation and creativity are thus key drivers of true cutting-edge growth.
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13. For each of the following cases, give the adjusting entry for salaries owing: (a) Sales staff receive a 5 percent commission on their monthly sales. In May, they sold $26 000 worth of goods for which they are to be paid on June 30. The date of the adjustment is May 31. (b) The total daily earnings of all hourly employees is $3500, excluding Saturdays and Sundays. They are paid every Friday. What will the adjusting entry be if the financial statements are prepared as at the end of the work day on Wednesday?
The adjusting entry if the sales staff receive a 5 percent commission on their monthly sales for salaries owing is Salaries Expense $1,300 and Salaries Payable $1,300. The adjusting entry if the total daily earnings of all hourly employees is $3,500, excluding Saturdays and Sundays for salaries owing is Salaries Expense $1,400 and Salaries Payable $1,400.
(a) In this case, sales staff receive a 5 percent commission on their monthly sales.
In May, they sold $26,000 worth of goods for which they are to be paid on June 30. The date of the adjustment is May 31. The adjusting entry for salaries owing will be:
Salaries Expense (Income Statement)26,000 × 5%
= 1,300Salaries Payable (Balance Sheet)
= 1,300
Therefore, the adjusting entry for salaries owing is Salaries Expense $1,300 and Salaries Payable $1,300.
(b) In this case, the total daily earnings of all hourly employees is $3,500, excluding Saturdays and Sundays. They are paid every Friday.
If the financial statements are prepared as at the end of the workday on Wednesday, then the adjusting entry for salaries owing will be:
Two days of salary expenses (Monday and Tuesday)
= $3,500/5 days × 2 days
= $1,400
Salaries Expense (Income Statement)1,400
Salaries Payable (Balance Sheet)1,400
Therefore, the adjusting entry for salaries owing is Salaries Expense $1,400 and Salaries Payable $1,400.
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In a two-period model, suppose that a particular consumer's utility function is: U(C₁, C₂) = log(c₁) + log(c₂) where C₁, C₂ are the consumption of a good (orange) in the two periods. The real interest rate is 20% (given). Pi is normalized to 1. The endowments in the two periods are 1 and 2.4 oranges respectively. ** Part a (5 marks) State the period budget constraints for the two periods. ** Part b (5 marks) Derive the lifetime budget constraint (in real terms). ** Part c (5 marks) Solve for the optimal consumption path (C₁, C₂). ** Part d (5 marks) Now suppose that there is an inflation of 10%. Using the Fisher equation, find the nominal interest rate.
The nominal interest rate is 32%.
Part a:
The period budget constraints for the two periods can be stated as follows:
Period 1 budget constraint: C₁ + R × 0 = 1
Period 2 budget constraint: C₂ + R × C₁ = 2.4
Here, R represents the real interest rate, and the left-hand side of the equations represents the consumption in each period.
Part b:
To derive the lifetime budget constraint, we need to express the budget constraints in real terms. Assuming the real interest rate is 20%, we can substitute R = 0.2 into the budget constraints:
Period 1 budget constraint (in real terms): C₁ + 0.2 × 0 = 1
Period 2 budget constraint (in real terms): C₂ + 0.2 × C₁ = 2.4
The lifetime budget constraint can be obtained by adding the two period budget constraints:
C₁ + 0.2 × 0 + C₂ + 0.2 × C₁ = 1 + 2.4
C₁ + C₂ + 0.2 × C₁ = 3.4
Simplifying further, we get the lifetime budget constraint:
C₁ + C₂ + 0.2C₁ = 3.4
1.2C₁ + C₂ = 3.4
Part c:
To solve for the optimal consumption path (C₁, C₂), we need to maximize the utility function subject to the lifetime budget constraint. Using the given utility function and the lifetime budget constraint derived in part b, we can set up the following optimization problem:
Maximize U(C₁, C₂) = log(C₁) + log(C₂)
Subject to: 1.2C₁ + C₂ = 3.4
By applying the appropriate optimization techniques (such as using Lagrange multipliers or solving the first-order conditions), we can find the optimal consumption path (C₁, C₂) that maximizes the utility function while satisfying the budget constraint.
Part d:
Given an inflation rate of 10%, we can use the Fisher equation to find the nominal interest rate. The Fisher equation states that:
(1 + nominal interest rate) = (1 + real interest rate) × (1 + inflation rate)
Let's assume the nominal interest rate is denoted as I. Plugging in the values from the question, we have:
(1 + I) = (1 + 0.2) × (1 + 0.1)
(1 + I) = 1.2 × 1.1
(1 + I) = 1.32
Simplifying further, we find that the nominal interest rate is:
I = 1.32 - 1
I = 0.32 or 32%
Therefore, the nominal interest rate is 32%.
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Case:
Your team has just been hired by a company to advise the firm’s capital budgeting division. The company has raised a sum of money, which will be invested in a new project. From your team of financial specialists, they are seeking advice on the financial feasibility of one of the proposed projects, and its potential effects on the wealth of the shareholders of the company. Over the last two years, the company has already spent $100,000 on R&D for the newly proposed project. If the company would decide to actually go ahead with the project, the initial investment in the required equipment is expected to be $1,010,000. The new project is expected to run for 10 years, and after that point the project will be retired. The expectation is that at the end of the project, the assets of the project can be sold at a residual value of only 1% of their original value. Half of the total sum which the company has raised for this project has been borrowed at an interest rate equal to the average cost of debt of the company of 4.4%. In the first year the project is expected to generate a revenue of $606,000, and in the following years the revenues of this new project are expected to grow by 8.1% each year. Your team will have to determine the rest of the cash flows associated with this proposed project. The CFO of the company has indicated that it would be reasonable to expect that the operating costs of the new plant will be of similar proportion relative to the revenues as the company’s other projects, which is at 65%. The new project would require an additional NWC of $20,200. Depreciation of the new equipment should be done in a straight-line over the full life of the project to a value of 0. Based on the already existing projects of the company, which will be running for the foreseeable future, the company is currently able to pay a stable yearly dividend of $5.00 per share. The company has 100,000 shares outstanding, and the shareholders require a return of 14.7%. The company is financed for 70% with equity, and 30% with debt (that is including the new loan). The effective tax rate for the company is 11%. If the company would decide to go ahead with the project, the yearly cash flows of the project can be partially paid out to the shareholders, and partially reinvested in other projects. The CFO has indicated that the company intends to have a payout ratio of 40%, such that each year 40% of free cash flows of the project will be paid as dividends.
Requested advice: The company is asking your team for financial advice on two issues:
(1) A demonstration of the expected yearly cash flows from the project. Remember, members of the senior management team often do not have a finance background, so you will have to present clear tables which show the calculation of the free cash flows, and clearly explain how the free cash flows were computed. You basically have to explain them to them in your presentation how capital budgeting works.
(2) A demonstration of the effect of the proposed project on the wealth of the shareholders, if the company would decide to go ahead with the project (regardless of your recommendation) and apply the suggested payout ratio. Present a well-designed figure that shows year by year, the change in the wealth of shareholders (= the share price + total dividends received). Also show their yearly capital gains and dividend yields.
Hints:
o Calculate for every year of the project the total dividends paid. (= the stable dividend from existing projects + the paid dividends from the project)
o Calculate for every year the 3-year average growth rate in total dividends – that is the average of the dividend growth rate over that year and the growth rate over the previous two years. (This can be done from year 3 onwards)
o Calculate for each year (from year 3 onwards) the share price using the DDM. You can use the average growth rate over the previous 3 years as the expected dividend growth rate in future.
The discount rate is 12%.
How to solve for the discount rateThe efficiency of a project is determined using the Net Present Value (NPV) and Internal Rate of Return (IRR) methods.
Both NPV and IRR are essential tools in capital budgeting, which helps companies evaluate the viability of new projects or investments. NPV calculates the difference between the present value of cash inflows and outflows over a specific time period. On the other hand, IRR measures the profitability of potential investments.
In the given case, the following information is provided:
Amount spent on Research & Development (R&D): $100,000
Expected initial investment: $1,040,000
Project duration: 10 years
Residual value of assets: 4% of their original value
Average cost of debt of the company: 4.4%
Revenue in the first year: $624,000
Annual revenue growth: 8.4%
Operating costs: 65%
Additional Net Working Capital (NWC): $20,800
Depreciation of new equipment: Straight-line method over the project's life to a value of 0
Stable yearly dividend per share: $5.00
Outstanding shares: 100,000
Cost of equity: 14.7%
Equity: 70%
Debt: 30%
Effective tax rate: 14%
Payout ratio: 40%
NPV and IRR are calculated based on the discount rate, which is the cost of capital.
The cost of capital is determined as follows:
Cost of capital = Cost of debt + Cost of equity
= (Total equity * Cost of equity) + (Total debt * Cost of debt)
= (0.7 * 14.7%) + (0.3 * 4.4%)
= 10.29% + 1.32%
= 11.61%
Therefore, the discount rate is 12%.
Using this discount rate, the NPV and IRR can be calculated to assess the project's efficiency.
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Answer The Following Questions:
What factors are attributable to Clam’s rise to success? How did Calm overtake Headspace despite being the second mover? In what ways are the factors that contributed to Calm’s early and fast success pros and cons for the brand moving forward?
Calm's rise to success is attributable to several factors, including a well-designed mobile application, partnerships with respected brands, and a celebrity following.
Despite being the second mover, Calm was able to overtake Headspace by differentiating itself with a broader product offering and superior brand positioning. The factors that contributed to Calm's early and fast success, such as its strong brand and partnerships, can also serve as potential cons for the brand moving forward. As Calm grows, it may find it difficult to maintain its competitive edge without additional investments in product innovation and partnerships. Additionally, the brand may face new challenges as it expands into new markets and seeks to retain its existing user base.
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The aim of import tariffs is to encourage the entry of foreign goods into a country's market.
a. true
b. false
The statement "The aim of import tariffs is to encourage the entry of foreign goods into a country's market" is false because it is to discourage imports and encourage the consumption of domestically produced goods
The import tariffs are taxes levied on foreign goods that are brought into the country. The primary goal of these tariffs is to protect domestic industries from foreign competition by making imported goods more expensive, therefore reducing the demand for foreign goods.
Tariffs also serve as a source of revenue for the government of the importing country, which can be used to fund various public programs or to reduce the budget deficit.
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When using technology responsibly in the workplace and at home, you will need to consider the privacy and security of electronic data. Referring to this unit's tutorials or external resources, describe some of the ethical and legal considerations surrounding responsible use of technology (and the information obtained through technology) in the workplace.
Have you ever observed or experienced information being compromised?
What can you do to keep information private and secure?
Why is the topic of ethical and legal considerations important for healthcare information?
Healthcare providers and their staff must be aware of and adhere to relevant legal regulations, such as HIPAA, to avoid legal penalties.
When using technology responsibly in the workplace and at home, you will need to consider the privacy and security of electronic data. Ethical and legal considerations surrounding responsible use of technology in the workplace are as follows: Ethical considerations: When using technology, employees need to be mindful of the ethical issues that may arise. Using technology responsibly and ethically entails respecting the privacy of individuals and preserving the confidentiality of information. Employees should also adhere to their employer's acceptable use policy and avoid using company-owned technology for personal activities. There are many ways to keep information private and secure, such as using strong passwords, enabling two-factor authentication, avoiding suspicious emails, installing antivirus software, and only downloading files from trustworthy websites. The topic of ethical and legal considerations is especially important for healthcare information because it contains sensitive personal information that must be kept confidential. It is critical to ensure that only authorized individuals have access to this information, and that proper safeguards are in place to prevent unauthorized access or disclosure. Additionally, healthcare providers and their staff must be aware of and adhere to relevant legal regulations, such as HIPAA, to avoid legal penalties.
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How do private not-for-profit (NFP) organizations differ from
governmental entities regarding the reporting environment and the
accounting for business-type transactions, such as dining halls,
gift sh
Private not-for-profit (NFP) organizations differ from governmental entities regarding the reporting environment and accounting for business-type transactions such as dining halls and gift shops is similar in both private NFPs and governmental entities.
Private not-for-profit (NFP) organizations differ from governmental entities regarding the reporting environment and accounting for business-type transactions in the following ways: The reporting environment for private NFPs is based on financial statements that help in understanding an organization’s financial position, changes in net assets, and the use of resources, whereas governmental entities have additional reporting requirements, such as budgetary compliance and a management discussion and analysis (MD&A) report that highlights the organization’s financial position.
The accounting for business-type transactions such as dining halls and gift shops is similar in both private NFPs and governmental entities. The primary difference between the two types of organizations is that governmental entities use a modified accrual accounting system while private NFPs use the full accrual accounting system.
In the modified accrual accounting system, revenues are recognized when they become both measurable and available while expenses are recognized when they are incurred. In contrast, the full accrual accounting system recognizes revenues when they are earned and expenses when they are incurred, regardless of when the cash is received or paid out.
In conclusion, while private NFPs and governmental entities share some similarities in their reporting environments and accounting for business-type transactions, there are notable differences in their accounting systems.
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Att Ner plant property, and equiment Total assets 38,000,000 101.000.000 000000 AZ Labtes and courty Accounts payable Accruals Current liabilities Long term det (40.000 bonds. 51.000 par value) Totalities Common stock (10,000,000 shares) Retained earning Total shareholders equity Total abilities and shareholders equity $10.000000 9.000.000 $ 19,000,000 10.000.000 3459.000.000 30.000.000 50.000.000 80.000.000 $139.000.000 The stock is currently selling for 515 25 pershare, and its moncallable $1,000 para o year, 7.25 bonds with manual payment for 5575.00. The betales. the yield one 6 month Treasury billion, and the field of Treasury bond in SS The required return on the stock market is ok, but the market badan 1450 during the past years. The firm's tax rate 125 Refer to the data for the Collins Group. What is the best estimate of the art cost of debt? 5. C60 O O. 10-10
To calculate the best estimate of the after-tax cost of debt for the Collins Group, we need to determine the yield to maturity of the company's bonds.
Given:
Number of bonds: 40,000
Par value: $1,000
Coupon rate: 7.25%
Current market price: $575.00
First, we calculate the annual interest payment:
Annual interest payment = Par value x Coupon rate = $1,000 x 7.25% = $72.50
Next, we calculate the yield to maturity (YTM) using the current market price and the annual interest payment:
YTM = (Annual interest payment / Current market price) + (Annual interest payment / Current market price) / 2
YTM = ($72.50 / $575.00) + ($72.50 / $575.00) / 2
YTM = 0.1261 + 0.0630
YTM = 0.1891 or 18.91%
Since the tax rate is given as 12.5%, we can calculate the after-tax cost of debt:
After-tax cost of debt = YTM x (1 - Tax rate)
After-tax cost of debt = 0.1891 x (1 - 0.125)
After-tax cost of debt = 0.1891 x 0.875
After-tax cost of debt = 0.1656 or 16.56%
Therefore, the best estimate of the after-tax cost of debt for the Collins Group is 16.56%.
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a client in the 33 percent marginal tax bracket is comparing a municipal bond that offers a 5.00 percent yield to maturity and a similar-risk corporate bond that offers a 6.70 percent yield. determine the equivalent taxable yield. note: round your answer to 2 decimal places. which bond will give the client more profit after taxes?
The equivalent taxable yield is 4.67 percent. The municipal bond will give the client more profit after taxes.
To determine the equivalent taxable yield, we need to compare the after-tax yields of the municipal bond and the corporate bond. Since the municipal bond is tax-exempt, its yield is not subject to federal income tax. However, the corporate bond's yield is fully taxable.
To calculate the equivalent taxable yield, we subtract the tax savings from the municipal bond's yield. The tax savings can be calculated by multiplying the municipal bond yield (5.00 percent) by the client's marginal tax rate (33 percent). The tax savings is 1.65 percent (5.00 percent * 0.33).
The equivalent taxable yield is obtained by subtracting the tax savings from the municipal bond yield: 5.00 percent - 1.65 percent = 3.35 percent.
Therefore, the equivalent taxable yield is 4.67 percent (6.70 percent - 1.65 percent). Since the corporate bond's yield of 6.70 percent is higher than the equivalent taxable yield of the municipal bond, the corporate bond will give the client more profit after taxes.
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inventory records for eliza company revealed the following: date transaction number of units unit cost march 1 beginning inventory 1,000 $ 7.20 march 10 purchase 600 7.25 march 16 purchase 800 7.30 march 23 purchase 600 7.35 eliza sold 2,300 units of inventory during the month. cost of goods sold assuming fifo would be:
The cost of goods sold assuming FIFO is $21,800.
FIFO (First-in, first-out) is an inventory costing method that is used to calculate the cost of goods sold.
It is based on the principle that the goods that come in first are the ones that are sold first.
Under the FIFO method, the first goods purchased are the first ones sold, and the most recent goods purchased are the last ones sold.
Inventory records for Eliza company show that the company had the following transactions in March:
Date Transaction Number of Units Unit Cost March 1Beginning inventory1,000$7.
20March 10Purchase6007.25March 16Purchase8007.30March 23Purchase6007.35
The company sold 2,300 units of inventory during the month.
The cost of goods sold assuming FIFO would be calculated as follows:
First, we need to determine the cost of goods sold for the units sold on March 1.
The cost of these units is $7.20 per unit, which means that the total cost of these units is
$7.20 x 1,000 = $7,200.
Next, we need to determine the cost of goods sold for the units sold on March 10.
The company purchased these units for $7.25 each, which means that the total cost of these units is
$7.25 x 600 = $4,350.
Next, we need to determine the cost of goods sold for the units sold on March 16.
The company purchased these units for $7.30 each, which means that the total cost of these units is
$7.30 x 800 = $5,840.
Next, we need to determine the cost of goods sold for the units sold on March 23.
The company purchased these units for $7.35 each, which means that the total cost of these units is
$7.35 x 600 = $4,410.
The total cost of goods sold is
$7,200 + $4,350 + $5,840 + $4,410 = $21,800.
Therefore, the cost of goods sold assuming FIFO is $21,800.
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a corporate bond that is currently trading at 95 pays a semi-annual coupon of $25. what is the current yield?
The current surrender of the corporate bond is around 52.63%.
The current abdicate of a corporate bond is calculated by partitioning the yearly coupon installment by the bond's current advertise cost. In this case, the bond is exchanging at 95, which implies it is estimated at 95% of its confront esteem.
The semi-annual coupon installment is $25. To calculate the yearly coupon installment, we duplicate the semi-annual installment by 2 ($25 x 2 = $50).
The current surrender is at that point calculated as takes after:
Current Abdicate = (Yearly Coupon Installment / Current Showcase Cost) x 100
Stopping within the values, we get:
Current Surrender = ($50 / 95) x 100 = 52.63%
This demonstrates the return an speculator would win on the bond in case they bought it at its current showcase cost and held it for one year, based on the coupon installments gotten. Be beyond any doubt that current abdicate does not consider potential changes within the bond's cost over time.
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QUESTION 16 with respect to the LPC scale, which is part of Feidler's Contingency theory of leadership, which of the following statements is most accurate? a.the LPC scale has been shown to have surprisingly high validity
b. the LPC scale has clearly identified leader behaviors c.the LPC score actually reflects the leaders tendency for relationship vs. task oriented behaviors d.the LPC score has receive extensive support among researchers of leadership
e. the LPC scale measures the followers leadership style
In fact, LPC scores reflect a manager's propensity for interpersonal and task-oriented behavior. This is part of Feidler's contingency theory of leadership. Of the following statements is the most accurate .
Option c is correct .
Fiedler's contingency theory postulates that effective leadership depends on the interaction of a leader's leadership style with favorable circumstances. The LPC (Least Preferred Coworker) scale is the tool used in this theory to measure a leader's leadership style.
According to Fiedler, the LPC score reflects a leader's propensity for relationship-oriented or task-oriented behavior. A high LPC score indicates a more relationship-oriented leader, and a lower LPC score indicates a more task-oriented leader. The LPC score is based on managers' perceptions of their least desirable co-workers.
Hence, option c is correct .
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The correct question is :
which is part of Feidler's Contingency theory of leadership, which of the following statements is most accurate?
a. the LPC scale has been shown to have surprisingly high validity
b. the LPC scale has clearly identified leader behaviors
c .the LPC score actually reflects the leaders tendency for relationship vs. task oriented behaviors
d. the LPC score has receive extensive support among researchers of leadership
e. the LPC scale measures the followers leadership style
Celia manufactures backpacks for a living. Celia's out-of-pocket expenses (for fabric, zippers, etc.) plus the value that she places on her own time amount to her
a. producer surplus.
b. cost of producing backpacks.
c. efficiency level.
d. profit.
Celia's out-of-pocket expenses (for fabric, zippers, etc.) plus the value that she places on her own time amount to her cost of producing backpacks.
Celia's out-of-pocket expenses, such as the cost of fabric and zippers, as well as the value she places on her own time, are considered part of the cost of producing the backpacks. These costs are incurred in order to create the product and bring it to market.
Producer surplus, on the other hand, refers to the difference between the price at which a producer is willing to supply a product and the actual price received. It represents the additional benefit or surplus that a producer gains from selling a product.
Efficiency level refers to how well resources are allocated and utilized to produce goods or services, which is not directly related to Celia's out-of-pocket expenses.
Profit is the difference between total revenue and total cost, including both explicit costs (such as out-of-pocket expenses) and implicit costs (such as the opportunity cost of Celia's time). While Celia's out-of-pocket expenses contribute to her cost of producing backpacks, profit also takes into account other factors such as revenue and opportunity costs.
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Which element of the promotional mix gives the buyer the most power to express their personal views? a) Advertising b) Social media c) Public relations d) Sales promotion
Social media has become an important part of the promotion mix.
The element of the promotional mix that gives the buyer the most power to express their personal views is social media. It is a cost-effective way to reach out to a huge audience and creates brand awareness. Promotion mix or marketing communication mix refers to the set of tools or activities that businesses use to promote or advertise their products or services. The primary aim of the promotion mix is to persuade potential customers to purchase the product. It comprises five key elements: advertising, sales promotion, personal selling, public relations, and direct marketing. Social media refers to the online platforms that allow people to interact, communicate, and share information. In recent years, social media has become a crucial tool for businesses to market their products and services. It is an effective way to reach out to a huge audience, create brand awareness, and interact with customers. As a result, social media has become an important part of the promotion mix.
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Consider a market with two firms, A and B. The market demand is p = 150 - Q, where Q = 9A + 9B, që is the quantity of firm A, and ¶³ is the quantity of firm B. Assume both firms have the same marginal cost MC-30. How much will each firm choose to produce in Cournot equilibrium?
Each firm will produce 33.33 units and 38.89 units of output respectively in Cournot equilibrium.
According to the Cournot Model, the optimal amount produced by each firm is given by:
qi = a - bqi
where a = (α + β) / 2β and b = 1 / 2β
In this case, we have two firms, A and B. So the output of each firm is given by:
qa = (α + βqb)/2β and
qb = (α + βqa)/2β
Substituting values in the above two equations, we getqa = (150-3qa - 3qb)/6 and
qb = (150-3qa - 3qb)/6
Simplifying the above two equations, we get
qa = (150 - qb)/3 ---------(1)
qb = (150 - qa)/3 ---------(2)
To find the equilibrium output, we need to substitute equation (2) into (1)
qa = (150 - (150 - qa)/3)/3
qa = 300/9
qa = 33.33
and qb = (150 - qa)/3
qb = (150 - 33.33)/3
qb = 38.89
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1. Assume you purchased 200 shares of GE common stock on margin at $70 per share from your broker. If the initial margin is 55%, how much did you borrow from the broker?
2. You purchased 300 shares of common stock on margin for $60 per share. The initial margin is 60% and the stock pays no dividend. What would your rate of return be if you sell the stock at $45 per share? Ignore interest on margin.
1. To calculate the amount borrowed from the broker, we need to determine the initial margin requirement and subtract it from the total purchase price.
Given that the initial margin is 55% and you purchased 200 shares of GE common stock at $70 per share, the total purchase price is 200 shares * $70 = $14,000.
The initial margin requirement is 55% of the total purchase price, which is 55% * $14,000 = $7,700.
Therefore, the amount borrowed from the broker is the difference between the total purchase price and the initial margin requirement:
$14,000 - $7,700 = $6,300.
Thus, you borrowed $6,300 from the broker.
2. To calculate the rate of return, we need to determine the initial investment and the final investment value.
The initial investment is the total purchase price, which is 300 shares * $60 = $18,000.
The final investment value is the selling price of the stock, which is 300 shares * $45 = $13,500.
The rate of return can be calculated using the formula:
Rate of return = (Final investment value - Initial investment) / Initial investment
In this case, the rate of return would be:
($13,500 - $18,000) / $18,000 ≈ -0.25 or -25%
Therefore, if you sell the stock at $45 per share, your rate of return would be approximately -25%. This indicates a loss on the investment.
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