Codons are units of genomic information made up of three nucleotides (trinucleotides) in DNA or RNA that code for a specific amino acid or indicate the end of protein production (stop signals).
How is a nucleotide formed?A carbohydrate residue that is joined by a -D-glycosidic bond to a heterocyclic base and a phosphate molecule at C-5' (compounds with the -oh group at C-3' are also known) forms a nucleotide. Nucleosides are the chemicals produced when the phosphate group is taken out of nucleotides.
Is DNA a nucleotide or a protein?DNA, however, is not a molecule. Long strands of nucleotides make up DNA. Three parts—a phosphate group, a simple sugar, and a four nitrogenous up each nucleotide molecule. The options for the nitrogenous base are cytosine, guanine, pyrimidines, or adenine.
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what type of mutation would result in the inability of an individual's cells to take up ldl from the bloodstream
A homozygous mutation will result in the complete absence of LDL receptors on hepatocytes, increasing the LDL cholesterol levels. The correct answer is option (A).
Very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) is produced by the liver and converted to IDL by lipoprotein lipase (LPL). By means of hepatic triglyceride lipase, IDL gets changed into LDL (HTGL). Hypercholesterolemia, also referred to as familial hypercholesterolemia, is an autosomal dominant illness that can be brought on by defects in LDL receptor function. Because the binding and subsequent uptake of LDL molecules in the blood depends on LDL receptors on the surface of hepatocytes, a hereditary decrease in LDL receptor number would result in a lower ability of hepatocytes to absorb LDL and increase LDL in the blood. LDL is typically around 300 mg/dL, but if this mutation is heterozygous, some LDL receptors will be present in the hepatocytes. The LDL cholesterol levels will rise to 1000 mg/dL due to the complete absence of LDL receptors on hepatocytes as a result of a homozygous mutation, though.
The complete question is:
What type(s) of mutation(s) would result in the inability of an individual’s cells to take up LDL from the bloodstream?
(A). Mutations could occur in the receptor itself to preclude LDL binding.
(B). Mutations could occur in proteins that position the LDL receptor on the plasma membrane.
(C). Mutations could occur in the protein machinery that allows the LDL particle to enter the cell.
(D). Mutations could occur in the protein component of LDL that recognizes the receptor.
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Biomolecules that are used to transport large molecules across the cell membrane are identified as?
In a family of seven children, what is the probability of obtaining the following numbers of boys and girls? a. All boys b. All children of the same sex c. Six girls and one boy d. Four boys and three girls e. Four girls and three boys
A probability refers to a number that reflects the likelihood or chance that a particular event or phenomenon will occur.
In a family of seven children, the probability of obtaining the required number of girls and boys is given as follows:
total children = 7
probability of being a girl = 1 /2
probability of being a boy= 1 /2
a) All boys
Probability of all the children are boys = (1/2)^7 = 1 / 128
b) All children of the same sex
Probability of being all b0ys = (1/2)^7 = 1/128
Probability of being all gIrls = (1/2)^7 = 1/128
So,
Chance of being either all girls or all boys = 1 / 128 + 1 / 128 = 1 / 164
c) Six girls and one boy
Since the probabilities of a and b = 1 / 2,
Then using the term 7a x 6b:
Probability of being six girls and one boy = 7 (1/2) x 6(1/2) = 7 / 128
d) Four boys and three girls
This probability is obtained by the term 35a x 3b x 4.
Probability of four boys and three girls =35 (1/2) x 3 (1/2) x 4 = 35 / 128
e) Four girls and three boys
Same as (d) 35/128
Using the term 35ax 4b x 3 ,
Probability of four girls and three boys =35 (1/2) x 4 (1/2) x 3 = 35 / 128
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How do scientists use classification?
Scientists use classification by putting similar organisms in one group.
In order to organize and make sense of the astounding diversity of life, scientists categorize living things. We can better grasp the relationships between living things by classifying them. All life can be classified into three big groupings called domains. The next level is kingdoms, which are further separated into phyla (phylum, singular).
Additionally, scientists classify similar organisms together. Taxonomy is the study of how to categorize living things. In order to organise and make sense of the astounding diversity of life, scientists categorize living things. Molecular commonalities serve as the primary basis for modern scientific classification. They put creatures with comparable DNA and proteins together. Organisms are connected because of molecular commonalities. They share a common ancestor from the past.
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Radioactive carbon 14 was used to determine the geologic age of old would preserved in the glacier the amount of Steve 14 in the old wood is 1/8 the normal amount of C 14 currently found in the word of living  trees  what is the geologic age of the Old wood
The estimated age of the ancient wood would be 5,730 years if carbon from a sample of wood was discovered to have only half as much carbon-14 as that from a living plant.
What is half life?Half life is defined as the amount of time it takes for a radioactive substance to break down or change. The half-life of a particular radioactive isotope is not influenced by the environment and is not dependent on the isotope's initial concentration.
The radioactivity of carbon-14 decays by 50% every 5,730 years. Radiocarbon dating depends on that half-life. Since carbon-12 doesn't deteriorate, it serves as a reliable indicator of carbon-14's impending demise. Older carbon-14 isotopes give off less radiation.
Thus, the estimated age of the ancient wood would be 5,730 years if carbon from a sample of wood was discovered to have only half as much carbon-14 as that from a living plant.
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Labrador ducks: Explain how human actions have affected the carrying capacity of the habitat for these
organisms and how humans have led to their decline.
Answer:
The Labrador duck was a species of sea duck that was native to the coasts of North America. Unfortunately, this species is now extinct, and human actions were a major factor in its decline.
One of the main ways that human actions affected the carrying capacity of the habitat for Labrador ducks was through habitat destruction. As human populations grew, more and more land was converted for agricultural and urban use. This led to the destruction of the coastal wetlands and marshes that were the natural habitat of the Labrador duck. As the ducks lost their habitat, their population numbers began to decline.
Another factor that led to the decline of the Labrador duck was hunting. During the 19th century, there was a high demand for feathers to use in clothing and other items, and ducks were a popular target for hunters. The Labrador duck, with its distinctive white plumage, was particularly sought after. As a result, large numbers of these birds were killed for their feathers, which further contributed to their decline.
Overall, human actions such as habitat destruction and hunting had a significant impact on the carrying capacity of the habitat for Labrador ducks and contributed to their extinction.
What is the electric potential at a distance of 1.2 m from a 7.5 µC point charge?
5.6 × 104 V
8.1 × 104 V
5.6 × 1010 V
8.1 × 1010 V
The electric potential at a distance of 1.2 m from a 7.5 µC point charge is 8.1 × 104 V. This can be calculated using the formula for electric potential, which is given by V = kq/r, where V is the electric potential, k is the Coulomb's constant, q is the charge of the point, and r is the distance from the point. Plugging in the values, we get V = (8.99 × 109 Nm2/C2)(7.5 × 10-6 C)/(1.2 m) = 8.1 × 104 V. Therefore, the electric potential at a distance of 1.2 m from a 7.5 µC point charge is 8.1 × 104 V.
Answer: B or 8.1 x 10^4 V
Explanation: Taking the quiz!
which statement about the nucleus is incorrect? a-the nucleus contains the instructions for copying itself b-the nucleus contains the genetic material of the cell c-the nucleus contains the information that ribosomes use to carry out cellular respiration d-the nucleus contains the information that ribosomes use to carry out protein synthesis
Answer:
The nucleus contains the information that ribosomes use to carry out cellular respiration.
elevated levels of which type of lipoprotein are clearly associated with atherosclerosis?
Atherosclerosis or elevated LDL type of lipoprotein levels are obviously related.
What are three symptoms of atherosclerosis?You can experience sudden weakness or numbness in your arms and legs, speaking difficulties or slurred speech, a momentary loss of sight in one eye, with drooping face muscles if you suffer from atherosclerosis in the veins leading to your brain.
What happens when you have atherosclerosis?Your arteries harden and narrow as a result of atherosclerosis, which is brought on by cholesterol plaques that gradually line the artery walls. When the arteries narrow, this could endanger flow of blood. It is also referred to as cardiovascular atherosclerosis and arteriosclerosis.
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Protozoans are organisms that can reproduce asexually. Asexual reproduction can help species of protozoans survive because:
A. they do not use a lot of energy finding mates.
B. their populations have less genetic diversity.
C. their populations do not grow too quickly.
D. they use more cellular energy in reproduction.
Answer: option A is correct
Explanation:
they don't have to spend time and energy finding a mate so they can just keep reproducing
Cells that form most tissues and organs in an organism.
Answer:
yah
Explanation:
I don't understand..
scientists mate two parrots from different populations to see if speciation has occurred. the parrots mate over and over again, but the male sperm never fertilizes the female egg. what type of barrier is this?
The male sperm never fertilizes the female egg despite the parrots' repeated mating. Gametes mate, yet they are unable to combine. This is an example of gametic isolation, a prezygotic reproductive barrier.
Both before and after a zygote forms, barriers to reproduction may be effective. Prezygotic barriers include behavioural characteristics that cause sexual isolation as well as the spatial or temporal separation of reproduction.
Prezygotic barriers stop an egg cell from becoming fertilised.
Examine the several prezygotic barriers, such as those that are imposed by space, time, mechanical barriers, gametic barriers, and behavioural barriers.
Different species of organisms cannot reproduce with one another because of a reproductive barrier.
Due of reproductive isolation, a dolphin and a shark, for instance, cannot have children.
As creatures evolved over time, they underwent a process called speciation, in which they split off into different species with limited interspecific reproduction. Prezygotic or postzygotic reproductive obstacles are also possible. Before the zygote is formed, prezygotic barriers keep the organisms apart.
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Based on your knowledge about the chemical reaction that takes place when lactose is processed in the body, should it be eliminated from the human diet? EXPLAIN WHY
Lactose is a sugar that is found in milk and milk products. It is broken down in the body by the enzyme lactase, which is produced by cells in the small intestine. When lactose is consumed, it is absorbed into the bloodstream and used for energy.
In some people, the body does not produce enough lactase to fully break down lactose. This can lead to digestive symptoms such as bloating, gas, and diarrhea when they consume dairy products. This condition is known as lactose intolerance.
However, eliminating lactose from the diet is not necessary for most people. While some people may have lactose intolerance or choose to avoid dairy products for other reasons, such as allergies or personal preference, lactose is an important source of nutrients for many people. Dairy products are a good source of calcium, protein, and other important nutrients.
If you have lactose intolerance or choose to avoid dairy products, it is important to ensure that you are getting enough of these nutrients from other sources. There are many non-dairy sources of calcium and protein, such as leafy green vegetables, nuts, and fortified plant-based milks.
In summary, lactose should not be eliminated from the diet for most people. However, if you have lactose intolerance or choose to avoid dairy products, it is important to ensure that you are getting enough nutrients from other sources.
A. Looped domain, 30-nm chromatin fiber, nucleosome, 2 nm helix b. 2 nm helix, nucleosome, 30-nm chromatin fiber, looped domain c. Nucleosome, looped domain, 2 nm helix, 30-nm chromatin fiber d. Looped domain, nucleosome, 2 nm helix, 30-nm chromatin fiber e. 2 nm helix, nucleosome, looped domain, 30-nm chromatin fiber
Nucleosome, 30-nm chromatin fiber, looped domain. the following lists represents the order of increasingly higher levels of organization of chromatin.
How are nucleosomes positioned in 30 nm condensed fibers?A 30-nanometer chromatin fiber made of folded nucleosomes creates loops that are 300 nanometers in length on average. A 250 nm-wide fiber, which is snugly wound into a chromosome's chromatid, is created by compressing and folding 300 nm fibers.
A looping domain is what?The loop domain is widely acknowledged to be the fundamental structural component of eukaryotic chromatin involved in DNA replication, gene expression, and higher order packaging.
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although both pyruvate dehydrogenase and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase use nad as their electron acceptor, the two enzymes do no t compete for the same cellular nad pool. why?
Although both pyruvate dehydrogenase and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase use nad as their electron acceptor, the two enzymes do not compete for the same cellular nad pool. This is because the cytosol contains glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, while the mitochondrion has pyruvate dehydrogenase.
An enzyme called pyruvate dehydrogenase catalyses the reaction between pyruvate and a lipoamide to produce acetylated dihydrolipoamide and carbon dioxide. Thiamine pyrophosphate is needed for the conversion as a coenzyme. A part of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex known as E1 is typically where pyruvate dehydrogenase is found (PDC). E2 and E3 are two more enzymes that make up PDC.
E1 through E3 work together to convert pyruvate, NAD+, and coenzyme A into acetyl-CoA, CO2, and NADH. The process of conversion is essential because acetyl-CoA may be employed to perform cellular respiration in the citric acid cycle thereafter. Pyruvate dehydrogenase is the official name for this enzyme to distinguish it from the PDC (acetyl-transferring).
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A one-year-old child can classify animals and people.truefalse
Answer:
True
Explanation:
In the age of just ten months babies can begin to develop large concepts for example it can differentiate animals, people, events and even objects.
which of the following is a characteristic of a lipid? group of answer choices most lipids are waxy. most lipids are soluble in water. lipids are found only in animals. most lipids are high density.
The optimal response is B. The majority of lipids are waxy.
Wax is an illustration of a lipid that is water-insoluble. Long-chain nonpolar lipids are this kind of lipid. The following explanations explain why the other options are incorrect:
A: Lipids generally have low density. Generally speaking, lipids float on water.
C : Lipids cannot dissolve in water.
D: Lipids are also present in plants.
Lipids are biomolecules that are not related to one another structurally but rather by their physical characteristics. Lipids serve as a source of metabolic energy, a component of membranes, and a regulator of gene expression. Fatty acids are one type of lipid that serves as metabolic fuel.
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the digestive tract is essentially one long tube. the order of the structures, beginning with the mouth, is
The digestive tract is essentially one long tube. the order of the structures, beginning with the mouth, is
Pharynx-->esophagus-->stomach-->small intestine-->large intestine
The digestive system is made up of the liver, pancreas, and gallbladder as well as the gastrointestinal tract, commonly known as the GI tract or digestive tract. From the mouth to the anus, the GI tract is made up of several hollow organs connected by a protracted, twisted tube. The stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and anus are the hollow organs that make up the GI tract. The digestive system's solid organs are the liver, pancreas, and gallbladder.
Three sections make up the small intestine. The duodenum is the name of the first section. The ileum is at the end, while the jejunum is in the middle. The cecum, colon, rectum, and appendix are all parts of the large intestine. A finger-shaped pouch connected to the cecum is the appendix.
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a person cuts their finger. how does the process of mitosis help to repair the wound?
Answer:
IN EXPLANATION
Explanation:
Mitosis is the process by which somatic cells divide to reproduce when cells become damaged. Thus, mitosis is crucial in cell generation and thus the formatin of a woud, such as on a skin cell.
Answer:
Mitosis will create tons of new cells in periods of time to fill the gap and make the tissue bigger again.
Explanation:
When part of a tissue breaks, then there are cells lost. So, mitosis will create tons of new cells in periods of time to fill the gap and make the tissue bigger again. This ensures that the tissue is back to normal and can function properly. It's like a wound healing.
Select the correct answer from each drop-down menu.
Chris in lives in a city that experiences heavy rainfall with average annual precipitation of 882 millimeters. It is warm all year.
Mark lives in city with an average annual rainfall of 40 millimeters. It has hot summers and cool winters.
Chris's city is in a
climate, while Mark's city is in a
climate.
Reset
Need
The climate in Chris' city is humid tropical. The climate of Chris's city appears to be of the tropical wet climatic type, as places near the equator typically experience high precipitation and warm, humid climates.
Which region is most likely to see above-average rainfall?The equatorial zone and Southeast Asia's monsoon region are home to the areas with the most precipitation. Little rain falls in the desert areas of the subtropics and around the poles, while substantial amounts fall in the middle latitudes.
Which two places have tropical weather?Between the Tropics of Cancer (23°27'N) and Capricorn (23°27'S), a region of the planet referred to as the tropics, is where the majority of tropical climates may be found. The tropics receive more solar energy overall than any other region of the planet.
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what is the target of thyroid hormones? what is the target of thyroid hormones? thyroid anterior pituitary hypothalamus cells of the body
The target of thyroid hormones is anterior pituitary.
The pituitary gland is frequently referred to as the body's "master gland." Such praise is merited because the anterior and posterior pituitaries secrete a variety of hormones that combined have an impact on practically every physiological activity and influence all cells.
For instance, anterior pituitary cells with receptors known as thyrotrophs emit thyroid-stimulating hormone, or TSH, when thyroid-releasing hormone from the hypothalamus binds to them. The anterior pituitary hormones circulate throughout the body and bind to receptors on various target organs. The thyroid gland is the organ that TSH is intended to affect.
Tyrosine-based thyroid hormones (T3, T4) are produced by the thyroid gland. A standard amino acid is 4-hydroxyphenylalanine, which is tyrosine.
Triiodothyronine (T3) has the following effects: raises heart rate, increases basal metabolic rate, brain development, and enhances protein and carbohydrate catabolism.
The hypothalamus is undoubtedly the force behind the throne, even though the pituitary gland may be the monarch. As was mentioned in the previous part, the hypothalamus contains neurosecretory neurons, which secrete hormones that carefully regulate the release of hormones from the anterior pituitary. Due to their impact on anterior pituitary hormones, the hypothalamic hormones are referred to as releasing hormones and inhibiting hormones, respectively.
The hypothalamus-hypophyseal portal veins deliver hypothalamic releasing and inhibitory hormones directly to the anterior pituitary gland. Distinct anterior pituitary cell receptors bind to specific hypothalamus hormones, controlling the release of the hormones those cells generate.
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Chloroplasts are only found in plant cells. What does this allow plant cells to do? What advantage
does this give plants? The process of photosynthesis occurs in the chloroplasts. This process
requires sunlight. Why do you think some cells of a plant do not have chloroplasts?
Chloroplasts allow plant cells to carry out photosynthesis. Some cells of a plant, such as root cells and some specialized cells in leaves and stems, do not have chloroplasts because they do not need to carry out photosynthesis.
What is a chloroplast?Chloroplasts are organelles found in plant cells and some other types of organisms, such as algae. They are responsible for carrying out photosynthesis, the process by which light energy is converted into chemical energy in the form of glucose.
Chloroplasts are found in the cells of plants and algae that carry out photosynthesis, such as the cells of leaves and algae. They are typically found in large numbers in these cells, as they are essential for producing the energy that the plant or algae needs to survive and grow.
Chloroplasts are made up of thylakoid membranes, which contain the pigments that absorb light energy, and stroma, which contains the enzymes and other molecules needed for photosynthesis.
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Which of the following statements is true of a hypothesis?
A hypothesis test is not always two-sided there are one-sided tests also. The second statement is true because It is a process by which a decision is made between two opposing hypotheses; the null (H0) and alternate (Ha).
A hypothesis is a proposed explanation for a phenomenon (plural: hypotheses). If a hypothesis cannot be tested by the scientific method, it cannot be referred to as a scientific hypothesis. Scientific theories frequently start with historical observations that can't be adequately explained by the body of knowledge at this time. A commonly held belief that has flimsy backing and is being examined for further investigation is known as a working hypothesis.
The complete question is:
Which of the following statements is true about hypothesis testing
a. Hypothesis testing is always a one-sided test
b. It is a process by which a decision is made between two opposing hypotheses; the null (H0) and alternate (Ha)
c A process where you always accept the null hypothesis (H0)
d. All of the above
e. None of the above
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ethidium bromide is a dye that is used to stain the gel and allows the dna to be viewed under uv light.true
false
This statement is TRUE that Ethidium bromide is a dye that is used to stain the gel and allows the DNA to be viewed under UV light.
A low-molecular-weight blue dye that will swiftly flow through the gel when charged is used to add the test DNA to the gel. This gives a visual indication of the gel's development. The procedure is finished when the blue dye has traveled to the other side of the well. A running buffer known as TAE that is made up of Tris base, acetic acid, and EDTA (ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid) is applied to the agarose gel. This gives the current an electrolyte and keeps the DNA in the gel in tact.
The DNA in the agarose gel is stained with an Ultra violet fluorescent dye so that it can be captured on camera and viewed under a UV light source. Ethidium bromide, the dye, is a fluorescent substance that, when employed as a stain, inserts itself between base pairs. Due of its severe toxicity, this has a disadvantage. There are guidelines for managing this material, and it should always be handled with caution.
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a genetic mutation that results in malformation of the myosin protein will directly effect the function of which type(s) of muscle tissue?
Genetic mutations that result in myosin protein malformations directly affect the function of smooth muscle, and cardiac and skeletal tissues.
Small genetic mutations in the myosin gene can change the shape of the protein. This can change how it interacts with actin, changing the molecular machinery that makes muscles contract. In some cases, a gene error can cause the heart muscle wall to thicken, a condition called hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
Myosin is a thick filament-forming protein whose job is to pull on actin when muscle contraction occurs. In muscle tissue, there is a protein myosin which plays an important role in muscle contraction. Smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and skeletal muscle have the protein myosin for contraction. If a mutation occurs in the myosin-forming protein, the function of smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and skeletal muscle are also disrupted.
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list 5 features of animal body plans. (must discuss all 5 parts)
Answer:
4 legs,
Explanation:
A potential cause of male infertility is a blockage of the vas deferens. The blockage could be due to the build up of scar tissue along the vas deferens. What medical treatment would most likely be used to treat this type of infertility?
A.
surgery to remove the obstruction
B.
medication to stimulate sperm production
C.
implantation of semen into the testes
D.
hormone therapy to increase testosterone
Answer:
A
Explanation:
The most likely treatment for a blockage of the vas deferens due to scar tissue would be surgery to remove the obstruction. This would involve a surgical procedure to remove the scar tissue and unblock the vas deferens, allowing sperm to pass through and potentially restoring fertility. Options B and D are not appropriate treatments for this condition, and option C is not a standard treatment for any type of infertility.
Please help me with this! (50 Points!!)
Answer:
Frank gets sick after eating a contaminated hard-boiled egg at a diner.Osmosis Jones is a white blood cell, specifically a type of leukocyte called a phagocyte.Osmosis Jones' job in the "city of Frank" is to defend the body against infections and foreign invaders.Thrax is a viral pathogen, specifically a deadly virus that causes a highly contagious and lethal illness.The cold medicine, Drix, is supposed to help the city of Frank by neutralizing and eliminating Thrax and other viruses.This tells you that cold medicine works by attacking and eliminating viruses, which can help to reduce symptoms and make you feel better.The purpose of the increase in Frank's nasal mucus is to trap and remove foreign particles, such as pollen and viruses, from the respiratory system.When the pollen gets passed the nasal mucus, it can enter the respiratory system and potentially cause allergic reactions or inflammation.The green guy, called "flu shot" virus, is in the "virus protection program" because he is a harmless virus that is used in a flu vaccine to help the body build immunity against the flu.The "flu shot" virus is not able to cause flu symptoms because it has been genetically modified to be unable to replicate or cause disease.The mayor says that Drix is worthless because he believes that Drix is unable to effectively fight Thrax and prevent him from causing more damage.The hypothalamus controls many important functions in the body, including body temperature, hunger, thirst, fatigue, and mood.It is not clear what happens in the hypothalamus when Thrax is mentioned in the video, as this information is not provided.a student is completing a punnett square for a trait (x/x) that is autosomal and inherited by the dominant allele. the father does not have it (xx), but the mother does (xx). if they had two children, a son and a daughter, what would the completed punnett square look like (i.e., would the son have the trait, would the daughter have the trait)?(1 point) responses both children would inherit the trait. both children would inherit the trait. one child would inherit the trait and one child would not. one child would inherit the trait and one child would not. each child has a 50% chance of inheriting the trait. each child has a 50% chance of inheriting the trait. both children would not inherit the trait.
In the punnett square analysis, each child has a 50% chance of inheriting the trait. Some genetic illnesses are caused by dominant alleles. The condition is caused by inheriting just one copy of such a dominant allele.
Huntington disease, achondroplastic dwarfism, and polydactyly are examples of this. Heterozygous (Aa) individuals are not healthy carriers.
The mother Xx has the trait and the father xx doesn't.
Using the punnet square
Xx xx
Xx Xx xx xx
There are just two traits which are Xx and xx which are in equal frequency and proportion.
This therefore means that the children have a 50% chance of getting the trait.
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if one strand of a dna molecule has the sequence of nucleotides 5' attgca 3', what would the sequence of the complementary strand be?
Answer:
it would be 3’ taacgt 5’