A certain species of pine tree survives only in scattered locations at elevations above 2,800 meters in the western United States. To understand why this tree grows only in these specific places, an ecologist should investigate the various biotic and abiotic factors that are unique to high altitudes.
The survival of certain species of pine trees only at elevations shows that there will definitely be a biotic or abiotic factor that enhances the growth of the pines at that place.
It might be due to abiotic factors like the temperature of the soil at high altitudes or due to some biotic factor like a mutualistic relationship with organisms at high altitudes.
Microclimatic conditions depend on such factors as temperature, humidity, wind and turbulence, dew, frost, heat balance, and evaporation. The effect of soil type on microclimates is considerable.
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Glycogen - Starch - Polysaccharide - Saturated fat A. Carbohydrate polymer B. Hard at room temperature C. Animal carbohydrates D. Plant carbohydrates
Polysaccharide - A) Carbohydrate polymer
Starch - D) Plant carbohydrate
Glycogen. - C) Animal carbohydrate
Saturated fat. - B) Hard at room temperature
What are carbohydrates?Carbohydrates (also called carbs) are a type of macronutrient found in certain foods and drinks. Sugars, starches and fiber are carbohydrates.
Carbohydrates are often referred to as saccharides and form ring structures.
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Glycogen - (C) Animal carbohydrate
Starch - (D) Plant carbohydrate
Polysaccharide - (A) Carbohydrate polymer
Saturated fat - (B) Hard at room temperature
1. Glycogen - Animal carbohydrate
Animal starch is a type of starch termed glycogen that is present in animal tissue.
2. Starch - Plant carbohydrate
The primary form of stored carbohydrates in plants is starch.
3. Polysaccharide - Carbohydrate polymer
long-chain polymeric carbohydrates made up of glycosidic connections holding monosaccharide molecules together.
4. Saturated fat - Hard at room temperature
Saturated fats are tightly packed fats that are solid at room temperature because their chemical structures don't contain double bonds.
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How to prevent diseases that spread through mosquitoes?
How are channel and carrier proteins different?
Select all that apply.
Channel proteins move substances across the membrane at a much faster rate than carrier proteins.
Channel proteins allow all types of molecules to pass through the membrane, while carrier proteins are specific to what they transport.
Carrier proteins can allow much larger substances to cross the membrane than channel proteins do.
Carrier proteins undergo a shape change as they move substances across the membrane, while channel proteins do not.
Answer:
Carrier proteins undergo a shape change as they move substances across the membrane, while channel proteins do not. Channel proteins move substances across the membrane at a much faster rate than carrier proteins. Carrier proteins can allow much larger substances to cross the membrane than channel proteins do.
Its the Last one
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Based on the pyramid and what you know about iron, do you think you get enough iron in your diet?
Compare how fresh and marine fish overcome problems
Answer:
the ciliated epithelium tissue helps to collect the ovum why?
Leucocytes or white blood cells fight infection. They have the ability to leave the bloodstream and enter a damaged or infected area. What is the name of this process of leaving the bloodstream
Diapedesis is the process in which white blood cells come out of the blood vessels into the surrounding area in case of injuries.
WBC is key to immunity:
Lymphocytes are immune cells found in the blood and lymph tissue. T and B lymphocytes are the two main types. Macrophages are large white blood cells that reside in tissues that specialize in engulfing and digesting cellular debris, pathogens and other foreign substances in the body.
function of WBC:
White blood cells are part of the body's immune system. They help the body fight infection and other diseases. Types of white blood cells are granulocytes (neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils), monocytes, and lymphocytes (T cells and B cells).
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Inadequate erythropoiesis or hemoglobin synthesis, hemorrhage, and increased RBC destruction are all common causes of the erythrocyte disorder called
Inadequate erythropoiesis or hemoglobin synthesis, hemorrhage, and increased RBC destruction are all common causes of the erythrocyte disorder called anemia.
What is anemia?When you have anemia, your body doesn't produce enough healthy red blood cells to supply your tissues with enough oxygen.The most prevalent and clinically diverse erythrocyte volume homeostasis disorders are the inherited exocytosis syndromes.The severity of anemia varies, and some individuals do not seek medical care until far into their later years.The 3 main causes of anemia
Blood lossLack of red blood cell productionHigh rates of red blood cell destruction.Learn more about RBC here:
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Answer:
Hemolytic anemia
Explanation:
Consider a cell that has four pairs of chromosomes. What is the number of possible chromosome orientations in that cell?.
The number of possible chromosome orientations in a cell containing 4 pairs of chromosomes are: 16.
The formula to calculate the possible orientations of chromosomes is 2ⁿ. Here, n stands for the number of chromosome pairs. From the question we know that the chromosome pairs are 4 in number and hence 2⁴ = 16.
Chromosomes are the carriers of genetic information and are crucial for the inheritance of traits from one generation to the next. They are long, thread-like structures made of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and proteins. They are found inside the nucleus of eukaryotic cells, which are cells that have a defined nucleus enclosed within a membrane.
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What type of cross is a mating between two individuals that are both heterozygous for the same two genes
Answer:
Dihybrid cross
Explanation:
49. The chemical agent or hazardous material that interferes with the body's ability to transfer oxygen to the cells is:
The chemical agent or hazardous material that interferes with the body's ability to transfer oxygen to the cells is: Hydrogen cyanide
It is an asphyxiant. It obstructs the utilization of oxygen in the organ of the body which is more delicate to low oxygen levels: the brain, the heart and veins, and the lungs. Hydrogen cyanide has a particularly harsh almond scent in any case it portrays a smelly "old shoes smell". It likewise has an unpleasant consuming taste and is much of the time utilized as a solution in water.
Hydrogen cyanide is also known as a synthetic military chemical. It is utilized in industry in mining, electroplating, fumigation, and the development of fibers, plastics, colors, and pesticides.
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Each ____ fragment of an antibody molecule contains the variable regions of a heavy and light chain which makes up a site which binds to an antigenic epitope. Group of answer choices
Each Immunoglobulin fragment of an antibody molecule contains the variable regions of a heavy and light chain which makes up a site that binds to an antigenic epitope.
A protein is made by means of B cells and plasma cells (varieties of white blood cells) and allows the body fight contamination.
A few immunoglobulins may be observed in better than regular quantities in patients with sure conditions or certain styles of cancer, including multiple myeloma and Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia.
Immunoglobulins are the antibodies produced clearly by the frame's immune system, which help combat infection and sickness. Intravenous immunoglobulin, or IVIg, is a remedy that combines immunoglobulins donated by using one-of-a-kind humans to deal with diverse situations.
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If a diploid cell has 12 chromosomes in prophase i, how many chromatids will the cell have at the completion of anaphase i and anaphase ii?
#1
always 12
#2
12 and 6
#3
36 and 24
#4
24 and 12
4) 24 and 12
What happens during anaphase I and anaphase II stage?One of the two cell divisions is meiosis. From a single parent cell, it generates four daughter cells. Each cell has half of the parent cell's chromosomes. Meiosis I and Meiosis II are the two primary mechanisms that cause meiosis. Four subdivisions make up each meiosis. In meiosis I, anaphase I takes place, and in meiosis II, anaphase II. The homologous chromosomes are pulled apart and moved to the opposite ends of the cell during anaphase I, whereas during anaphase II, the sister chromatids of each chromosome are separated and moved towards the poles. Additionally, anaphase I happens when a cell is in the diploid condition, but anaphase II happens when a cell is in haploid condition.
The cell has 12 chromosomes, after anaphase I stage each chromatid is considered a separate chromosome structure, hence there will be 24 chromosomes. After meiosis I is complete the number of chromosomes again become 12 because of the division of the nucleus.
At anaphase II, the sister chromatids are separated hence, the number of chromosomes remain 12.
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If an animal has radial symmetry, what phylum is it classified to be?
A) Porifera
B) Platyhelminthes
C) Rotifera
D) Cnidaria
Answer:
D-Cnidaria
Explanation:
took the test
The largest reservoir of phosphorus in the biosphere is
Answer:Ocean sediments
Explanation:
an organism that has two different alleles for a trait
Answer:
heterozygous.
Explanation:
An organism that is heterozygous for a trait has two different alleles for that trait.
The goal of a statement of purpose is:
Answer:
A statement of purpose's goal is to convince someone that you should be admitted to the program or be awarded a position.
Answer:
A statement of purpose's goal is to convince someone that you should be admitted to the program or be awarded a position.
Microtearing that occurs during which muscle action is responsible for delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS)? Eccentric Concentric Isometric Isotonic
Microtearing that occurs during which muscle action is responsible for delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) involves eccentric activities.
What are Eccentric activities?This activities involve the lengthening of the muscles during certain activities such as lowering into the bottom of a pushup etc.
This activities are usually slow which causes microtearing and delayed onset muscle soreness in individuals.
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Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) is a neurotransmitter with receptors (5-HT receptors) located in cells throughout the body. There are more than a dozen different types of serotonin receptors that fall into several different classes. One class consists of serotonin-activated ion channels and the other receptor classes are G-protein-coupled receptors that associate with different G proteins. The 5-HT7A receptor couples to Gs and activates adenylyl cyclase, while the 5-HT2B receptor couples to G, and activates phospholipase C. The diversity of receptor types has led pharmacologists to search for drugs that will bind to and modulate just a single receptor class in order to limit systemic side effects (see 5-Hydroxytryptamine Receptor Subtypes and their Modulators with Therapeutic Potentials). Place into bins the downstream effects predicted for a drug that exclusively activates the 5-HT7A receptor versus a drug that exclusively activates the 5-HT2B receptor. Items (5 items) (Drag and drop into the appropriate area below) Cytosolic calcium increase PKC activation PKA activation CAMP production IP 3 production Receptor subtype 5-HT7A 5-HT2B
The monoamine neurotransmitter 5-hydroxytryptamine, or serotonin, is derived from tryptophan and is synthesized both centrally and systemically.
14 structurally and functionally distinct receptor subtypes have been identified for serotonin, each mediating the action of neurotransmitters via a series of downstream signaling molecules and effectors.
Although most commonly described for its role in the pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric and mood disorders, serotonin is involved in many basic physiological processes including apoptosis, mitochondrial biosynthesis, cell proliferation, and migration. increase. Its role as a neurotransmitter is also manifested in pathogenic conditions ranging from anorexia nervosa to cancer.
This requires an understanding of the signaling mechanisms underlying the serotonergic system, which has led to the creation of an integrated pathway map that provides resources for future biomedical research in this pathway.
Using a rigorous set of NetPath annotation criteria, we manually curated the molecular responses associated with serotonin and its receptors from the published literature. Response categories included molecular association, activation/inhibition, post-translational modification, transport, and gene regulation at the transcriptional and translational levels.
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An owl eats it's pray while or in large pieces. summarize what is found in an owl pellet an why is regurgitated
Pellets are the portions of a bird's diet that have not been digested and are regurgitated. Examples of pellets include hair and bones . Pellets are produced by a wide variety of bird species, including but not limited to birds of prey, crows, and even sparrows.
Owl pellets consist of indigestible elements of their prey, such as bones, fur, claws, and teeth. However, they perform another crucial function for the owl. Regurgitating pellets, which travel through the bird's gullet on the way back up, scrub and clean the digestive tract, eliminating infections and maintaining the bird's health. Those who raise birds of prey like owls and falcons can utilize the pellets to determine the health of their birds.
Prey animals, such as field mice, have learnt to avoid the pellets since they are infectious agents. However, certain owl pellet pathogens, such as Salmonella, can potentially infect humans.
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On the periodic table, electronegativity increases as we move from the left column to the right. What information does this give us?
A) Nitrogen is more likely than oxygen to form a chemical bond
B) Hydrogen and helium are equally likely to form a chemical bond
C) Fluorine and neon are equally likely to form a chemical bond
D) Oxygen is more likely than nitrogen to form a chemical bond
Answer:
I think answer a hope it is helpful
A rock resting high on a cliff is an example of an object with
what type of energy? (2 points)
Kinetic energy because it is doing work
O Kinetic energy because it has the ability to do work
Potential energy because it is doing work
Potential energy because it has the ability to do work?
Answer:
Potential energy because it has the ability to do work
Explanation:
Kinetic energy is when an object is doing work, and potential energy is when an object has the potential to get kinetic energy either due to it's position or molecular composition. In this case since the rock is resting high on a cliff, it has a bunch of potential energy, due to it's position, because gravity. If it were to fall of the cliff, it would then convert that potential energy to kinetic energy, but at that moment, since it's resting, it's only potential energy, because it has the potential to convert into kinetic energy. So the correct answer is: Potential energy because it has the ability to do work
Consider a situation in which overharvesting causes the number of fish in a population to become drastically smaller, which causes genetic variation in that fish to decrease over a few generations. This is an example of: Group of answer choices
Answer:
bottleneck effect
Explanation:
Lactose intolerance a. arises from inability to metabolize the disaccharide lactose b. depends on a deficiency of sucrose in the diet c. is based on the composition of lactose, consisting glucose and fructose in glycosidic linkage d. arises because lactose is a dimer of galactose
b. depends on a deficiency of sucrose in the diet is Lactose intolerance.
Signs of lactose intolerance include nausea, cramps, fuel, bloating, or diarrhea within 30 minutes to 2 hours after ingesting milk or dairy products. Signs occur due to the fact there isn't always sufficient lactase being produced by the body to digest the lactose fed on.
Without lactase, the body can't well digest food that has lactose in it. because of this if you consume dairy meals, the lactose from these foods will skip into your intestine, which could cause fuel, cramps, a bloated feeling, and diarrhea, that's free watery poop.
You could take lactase pills before you eat or drink milk products. you may additionally upload lactase drops to exploit before you drink it. The lactase breaks down the lactose in food and drinks, lowering your chances of having lactose intolerance signs and symptoms. test along with your medical doctor earlier than using lactase merchandise.
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Collections of sympathetic postganglionic axons, parasympathetic preganglionic axons, and some visceral sensory axons that provide complex innervation to target organs are known as ______ plexuses.
Collections of sympathetic postganglionic axons, parasympathetic preganglionic axons, and some visceral sensory axons that provide complex innervation to target organs are known as Autonomic Plexuses.
The solar plexus is the most important autonomic plexus and affords innervation to a couple of abdominal and pelvic organs. The superior mesenteric plexus consists of the superior mesenteric ganglia and is positioned across the advanced mesenteric artery.
The 5 autonomic plexuses include the Celiac plexus (additionally referred to as the sun plexus): This plexus sits in the back of your stomach and innervates organs of your stomach. Auerbach's plexus: This plexus innervates your gut and functions as part of your digestive device.
A nerve plexus is a community of intersecting nerves; a couple of nerve plexuses exist in the body. Nerve plexuses are composed of afferent and efferent fibers that stand up from the merging of the anterior rami of spinal nerves and blood vessels.
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Which of the following is the source of energy for the water cycle?
A. volcanic eruptions
B. winds
C. gravity
D. the sun
The preganglionic neuron cell bodies of the S2-S4 spinal cord segments are the origin of preganglionic parasympathetic axons that branch to form the ______.
The preganglionic parasympathetic axons branch to form the pelvic splanchnic nerves.
What is Parasympathetic division of the ANS?It originates from the preganglionic neurons located in brainstem nuclei and S2–S4 segments of spinal cord. Some of the preganglionic parasympathetic axons originate from preganglionic neuron cell bodies housed within the lateral gray matter of the S2–S4 spinal cord segments.These preganglionic parasympathetic axons branch to form the pelvic splanchnic (visceral) nerves, which contribute to the superior and inferior hypogastric plexus.The parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions of the ANS have the same basic components, but they differ in their origins, locations of the preganglionic cell bodies, axon lengths, and amount of branching.Learn about Sympathetic preganglionic neurons here
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Which of the following statements concerning energy is false
a) During photosynthesis, plants convert kinetic energy into chemical energy
b) A gasoline engine converts chemical energy into kinetic energy
c) Fireflies are able to take potential energy in the form of food and convert that energy into kinetic energy in the form of heat and light
d) Energy transformation in cells are accompanied by the release of heat energy
e) Living systems convert heat into chemical energy to reduce entropy
Answer:
e. loving systems convert heat into chemical energy to reduce entropy
Explanation:
Entropy is the measure of energy in which heat is unable to reduce entropy
Biology question on human digestive system
Answer:
X : A) To absorb amino acids
Y : B) To secrete enzymes
Answer:
X) C. to transport fats
Y) C. to secrete enzymes
Explanation:
The epithelium or "Y" is responsible for the absorption of nutrients, and the protection of the human body from microbial infections.
The lacteal or "X" absorbs dietary fats in the villi of the small intestine. It absorbs and transports large molecules, fats, and lipids in the digestive system.
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The receptors for steroid hormones are located inside the cell instead of the membrane surface like most other signal receptors. How do steroids gain access to their receptors
The steroids gain access to their receptors because steroid hormones are lipid soluble and can readily diffuse through the lipid bilayer of the cell membrane.
The steroid hormone dissociates from its plasma carrier protein and diffuses throughout the mobile membrane. After gaining entry to the mobile, the free hormone binds to an intracellular receptor and alters gene transcription.
In keeping with the free hormone speculation, due to their hydrophobicity, steroids are able to freely diffuse across lipid bilayers; but, megalin-established endocytosis has been proven to be at the least partly answerable for the uptake of sex hormones and nutrition D.
Steroid hormones, in general, are believed to freely diffuse across a membrane partly due to their close resemblance to ldl cholesterol, but recent evidence indicates that they could additionally enter cells thru receptor-mediated endocytosis.
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Nerve cells do not begin to develop until after a child is born. please select the best answer from the choices provided t f
Answer:
False
Explanation:
Before a child is born, their nerve cells proliferate. Before birth, twice as many neurons is produced by the unborn child's brain. This can be considered a safety margin when a newborn is making their arrival to the world.
Excess neurons ⇒ Shed into Utero