3.5 m / s is their speed after the collision.
Mass of a car = 1000 kg,
Velocity car = 8 m/s,
Mass lorry = 3000 kg,
Velocity lorry = 2 m/s.
u = initial velocity,
v = final velocity.
m₁ = 1000 kg, m₂ = 3000 kg, u₁ = 8 m/s, u₂ = 2 m/s
(1000)(8) + (3000)(2) = (1000 + 3000)·v
8000 + 6000 = 4000·v
4000·v = 14000
v = 3.5 m/s
velocity (often abbreviated as "s") is a scalar variable that describes how lots an item's vicinity modifications over time or how plenty it modifications in step with unit of time.
The average speed of an item in a period of time is the distance traveled with the aid of the object divided by way of the length of the length.
Time divided with the aid of distance are the rate-associated metrics.. The meter in keeping with second (m/s) is the SI unit of pace, while the kilometer consistent with hour (kph) is the most usually used unit of speed in each day existence.
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a cube of wood having an edge dimension of 18.9 cm and a density of 649 kg/m3 floats on water. (a) what is the distance from the horizontal top surface of the cube to the water level?
The density of the wood from the floor is 2.8 kg.
What is buoyancy force?
A thing's propensity to float in a liquid is called buoyancy. When there is gravity present, all liquids and gases pull anything submerged in them upward with a force known as the buoyant force. An object submerged in a static fluid will float because of the pressure differences acting on its opposing sides.
What is density?
The definition of density for a solid substance is its mass per unit volume. The equation for density is d = M/V and stands for density, mass, and volume. Density is commonly measured in grammes per cubic centimeter.
Apply particle in equilibrium model, to the system of the wood cube and lead block in the vertical direction.
∑fy= B-m wood* g-mg=0
we know
B(buoyant + force)d water L^3 g
Where L^3 is the volume of displaced water
d water L^3 g- m wood*g-mg=0
now density (d)= mass(m)/volume(v)
d water L^3- d wood L^3- m =0
solve for m
m= d water L^3- d wood L^3
m=(d water- d wood) L^3
m=(1-0.65)(20)^3
m=2.8 kg
Therefore, density of the wood from the floor is 2.8 kg.
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A paint brush is dropped from the top of a tall ladder and free falls to the ground. What changes, if any, would be observed of the velocity of the brush as it falls?.
When the paint brush is dropped from the top the acceleration increases.
Gravity is a force that pulls objects down toward the ground. When objects fall to the ground, gravity causes them to accelerate.
An object in free fall experiences an acceleration of -9.8 m/s². Whether explicitly stated or not, the value of the acceleration in the kinematic equations is -9.8 m/s² for any freely falling object.
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moment of inertia is moment of inertia is the rotational equivalent of mass. the point at which all forces appear to act. the time at which inertia occurs. an alternative term for moment arm.
Moment of inertia is moment of inertia is the rotational equivalent of mass because the rotational equivalent of mass
The torque of a rigid body is governed by a property called the moment of inertia, also referred to as the mass moment of inertia, angular mass, second moment of mass, or, more precisely, rotational inertia. In physics, the term "moment of inertia" refers to the quantitative measurement of a body's inertia with respect to rotation, or the resistance that a body shows when a torque is used to modify the rotational speed of an object around an axis. The axis may or may not be fixed, and it may or may not be internal or external. A property of matter known as inertia is the tendency for it to remain at rest or to move uniformly in a straight line without being affected by outside forces.
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if an oncoming vehicle has started to turn left in front of you: choose one a. honk your horn to warn the driver and maintain your speed. b. maintain your speed and take your right-of-way c. slow or stop your car to prevent a collision
Option B is correct. Except where a sign expressly states that you may not turn left at a red light, we are permitted to do so.
Give way to oncoming traffic, including pedestrians, when making a turn. When the signal is switching from green to red, the amber light allows time for vehicles to clear the road. Make sure there is enough space for approaching cars to pass. Look both ways for oncoming traffic or pedestrians before making any turns. You should turn from the lane that is closest to the direction you want to go and into the lane that is closest to the one you came from if there are no signs or lane markings to control turning.
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(a) determine the ratio of the momentum immediately after the collision to the momentum immediately before the collision.
We know duat Momentum is conserved during Collision
P(i) = P(t) - part (a)
Part(b) Momentum = P
K(i) = 1/2 m₁ v₁ (1)²
K = p²/2m
K(1) = p2/2x mi
Solve for Vf.
m₁ x v₁ (i) = (m₁ +m₂) Vf.
V+ M₁ x V₁ (1)/(m₁ +m2)
Kf = p2 / (2x (m, +m₂))/p2(2xm,)) P2
= m₁ /m1+m2 = K.E Ratio
When two objects collide their total momentum before the collision is equal to their total momentum after the collision. This is the law of conservation of momentum. where M is the mass of the pendulum, m is the mass of the sphere, and v is the velocity of the center of mass of the composite system after the collision. According to the law of conservation of momentum, the sum of the momentum of the two bodies before the collision equals the sum of the momentum after the collision.
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a charged particle of mass 0.0090 kg is subjected to a 6 t magnetic field which acts at a right angle to its motion. if the particle moves in a circle of radius 0.1 m at a speed of 3 m/s , what is the magnitude of the charge on the particle?
The magnitude of the charge on the particle q= 4.5 X 10 -2 C
What is the magnitude of charge on the particle?
Charge can be defined as a physical property that leads matter to experience a force within an electromagnetic field
If a non-zero magnetic force acts on a charged particle, then the particle will move along a circular or a helical path. It requires the presence of centripetal force to act on the particle, provided by the magnetic force on the particle.
The radius of the circular or helical path of the particle will depend upon the charge carried by the particle, the strength of the magnetic field, and the mass of the particle, and velocity will be perpendicular to the magnetic field.
The mass of the particle , m = 0.0090kg =
9.0 ×10 − 3kg
The speed of the particle, v = 3.0m/s
The magnitude of the magnetic field,
B = 6.0T
The radius of the circular path,
r = 0.10 m
The uniform magnetic field is given by the following equation:
r = mv / qB
Here,
q = mv / rB
q = 9.0 x 10 -3 kg X 3.0 m/s / 0.10 X 6
q= 4.5 X 10 -2 C
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Can you also give me 3 problems Mark Watney Face In The Martian and how he solved?please give some explanation for each of one.
Three problems faced by Mark Watney are :
The first major problem Watney faces is getting stranded and wounded on Mars. The second problem Watney faces is how he is going to survive on mars till help can come. The final problem he faces is how is he going to get to Ares, so he can leave Mars.What did Mark Watney do on Mars?
Mark Watney was also selected to perform experiments on plant growth using Martian Soil and Martian gravity.
Why was Mark Watney left on Mars?
Watney gets stranded on the Red Planet when a massive dust storm gravely injures him and forces his crewmates to escape, leaving him dead.
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a radio can be tuned into a particular station frequency by adjusting the capacitance in an l-c circuit. suppose that the minimum capacitance of a variable capacitor in a radio is 4.14 pfpf . part a what is the inductance lll of a coil connected to this capacitor if the oscillation frequency of the l-c circuit is 1.67 mhzmhz , corresponding to one end of the am radio broadcast band, when the capacitor is set to its minimum capacitance? express your answer in henrys to three significant figures.
1.08* is the inductance L of a coil connected to this capacitor if the oscillation frequency of the l-c circuit is 1.67 mhz.
What is a Capacitor?A capacitor is a device that uses the accumulation of electric charges on two nearby surfaces that are electrically isolated from one another to store electrical energy in an electric field. It has two terminals and is a passive electrical component. Capacitance refers to a capacitor's effect.
What is a I-c circuit?An L-C circuit is a type of electric circuit that consists of a capacitor and an inductor coupled together. It is also known as a tuned circuit, tank circuit, or resonant circuit.
The inductance is found from the resonant frequency formula :
ω2= (2πf)2 =1/LC=L=1/(2πf)2C
So, L=1/(2π1.67*106hz)(4.14*10-12F)
L=1.08*[tex]10^{-5}[/tex]
Hence, 1.08*[tex]10^{-5}[/tex] is the inductance L of a coil connected to this capacitor if the oscillation frequency of the l-c circuit is 1.67 mhz.
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why can the sunlight that illuminates the earth be approximated by plane waves, whereas the light from a nearby lamp cannot?
The wavefront is parallel to the motion's direction. The spherical wavefront still maintains its shape with a "nearby" lamp, therefore we cannot ignore the wavefront's shape.
In contrast to the shorter waves of blue light, the rings would be more widely separated for the longer wavelength red light. Since the wavefront from the Sun is coming from a point source, it is actually spherical. However, because of how tiny the Earth is in relation to the Sun and how far away the Sun is from the Earth. Since the pattern is made up of parallel straight-line-shaped fringes rather than the fringes of overlapping circles, Young's interference experiment with slits results in a crisper fringe pattern than with pinholes.
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a car is traveling at 50 mi/h when the brakes are fully applied, producing a constant deceleration of 24 ft/s2. what is the distance (in ft) traveled before the car comes to a stop? (round your answer to one decimal place.) 52.1 incorrect: your answer is incorrect. ft
One of the key areas of science is the study of acceleration and deceleration. Any object's rate of changing velocity is referred to as its acceleration, and a negative acceleration value is referred to as deceleration.
Using beginning velocity of 50 miles per hour,
It's going to
Final speed: 73.33 ft/s, v = 0, and a2: -22 ft/s2.
Utilize the formula: v2 = v0 + 2as
n 0 = 5377.29 + (-44) s
s =5377.29/44 = 122.21 ft
v2 = u2 + 2as is the third equation of motion. We are already aware that distance is equal to average velocity times time. Either v2 = u2 + 2as or 2as = v2 - u2. The third equation of motion connects the particle's final velocity (v), initial velocity (u), constant speed (a), and displacement (S).
Speed is defined as the ratio of distance travelled to the amount of time required to cover that distance.
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The larger the frequency of a photon of light, the _______ the energy of the photon.
The larger the frequency of a photon the larger , the energy of the photon.
A phantom is a particle representing a quantum of light or another electromagnetic radiation such as light and radio waves and the force carrier for the electromagnetic force.
The reason why the larger the radiation e frequency the larger the energy of the photon is the photon carries energy proportional to the radiation frequency but has zero rest mass.
The photon travels at the speed of light in a vacuum, it is said to be massless as it is an elementary particle whose invariant mass is zero.
Photons have no mass their kinetic energy is equals to their total energy
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Describe what is occurring in the following image
some objects absorb all light and do not release any for us to find. how do we detect an object that is not releasing any light? how do we find it?
Since the majority of objects in the world do not emit their own light, they must reflect light in order to be seen. The walls of the room you are in reflect the light from the overhead ceiling "lights," not producing any of their own light.
We can only see when light is emitted from the things and strikes our eyes. Some objects, which do not all have the ability to emit light on their own, reflect light. We perceive an object when light strikes it and is reflected back to us by the object's surface.
what is reflection?
Light rays' direction changes and they turn around when they hit an item. This is referred to as light reflection. Incident rays are any rays that land on a surface. The point of incidence is the location at which an incident ray falls.
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Since the majority of objects in the world do not emit their own light, they must reflect light in order to be seen. The walls of the room you are in reflect the light from the overhead ceiling "lights," not producing any of their own light.
What is reflection?
Light rays' direction changes and they turn around when they hit an item. This is referred to as light reflection. Incident rays are any rays that land on a surface. The point of incidence is the location at which an incident ray falls.
We can only see when light is emitted from the things and strikes our eyes. Some objects, which do not all have the ability to emit light on their own, reflect light. We perceive an object when light strikes it and is reflected back to us by the object's surface.
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a weightlifter lifts a set of weights a vertical distance of 2.00 m. if a constant net force of 350 n is exerted on the weights, what is the net work done on the weights?
The net work done on the weights is 700 joules.
What is net force?
The total of all forces acting on the object is known as the net force. A mass can accelerate due to net force. A body is subject to another force whether it is at rest or in motion. When there are a lot of forces acting on a system, the term "net force" is used. The total of all forces acting on an object is known as the net force. A mass can accelerate due to net force. A body is subject to another force whether it is at rest or in motion. When there are a lot of forces acting on a system, the term "net force" is used. When a force is applied to a body, numerous additional forces, such as gravitational force Fg, frictional force Ff, and the normal force, also work to balance the applied force.
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what is the most common injury related to electrical hazards?
The most common injury related to electrical hazards are Electrical burns.
What are electrical hazards?
The term "electrical hazard" refers to a major workplace risk that puts employees in danger of suffering burns, electrocution, shock, arc flash or arc blast, fire, or explosions.Electrical shock and burns are risks when contacting energized sources.The body enters the electric circuit, resulting in an electrical shock (when an individual comes in contact with both wires of an electrical circuit, one wire of an energized circuit and the ground, or a metallic part has been energized by contact with an electrical conductor).An electrical burn is a type of skin burn that develops when your body comes into contact with electricity. It is possible for electricity to pass through your body when it comes into contact with it. When this occurs, the voltage has the potential to harm tissues and organs.
Hence, The most common injury related to electrical hazards are Electrical burns.
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What is brewster’s angle for light traveling in water that is reflected from crown glass?.
The correct answer to Brewster’s angle is 48.8 degrees.
What is Brewsters's law?
The Brewster's angle is the angle of incidence at which polarised light travels perfectly through a clear dielectric surface without being refracted. The light that is reflected from the surface when unpolarized light is incident at this angle is therefore perfectly polarised.
This equation's name is Brewster's law, and the angle it specifies is Brewster's angle. For a glass medium in air, Brewster's angle for visible light is around 56° (n2 = 1.5), while it is roughly 53° for an air-water interface (n2 = 1.33)
Brewster's Angle is defined as the inverse tan of n 2 over n 1. The inverse tan of 1.52 divided by 1.33 is thus 48.8 degrees.
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a rod-shaped magnet is suspended from its midpoint so that it is parallel to the ground and so that it can freely rotate. what will happen when two such magnets are placed in close proximity (but not close enough that they can touch)? will they align in a parallel or anti-parallel configuration?
Both rod-shaped magnets will align in a parallel configuration as similar poles and the magnetic field will repel each other.
What are Magnets?Anything that creates a magnetic field is considered to be a magnet. The most noteworthy characteristic of a magnet—a force that pulls on other ferromagnetic elements like iron, steel, nickel, cobalt, etc.—is caused by this invisible magnetic field, which also attracts or repels other magnets.
A piece of equipment built from a substance that has been magnetized and produces a consistent magnetic field is called a permanent magnet. A typical illustration is a fridge magnet used to keep notes on the door of the refrigerator. The term "ferromagnetic" refers to materials that can be magnetized and are also strongly attracted to a magnet. These comprise several naturally occurring minerals, some alloys of rare-earth metals, and the elements iron, nickel, and cobalt and their alloys.
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at a particular instant a proton is traveling in the x direction, with speed 5105 m/s. at the location of the proton there is a magnetic field of magnitude 0.33 t in the y direction, due to current running in a nearby coil.what is the directio
The proton would move in x direction with a force of 2.64 x 10 power minus 4
Force = q ( v x b)
q = 1.6 x 10 -19 C
v = 5 x 10 power 5
b = 0.33 t
F = 1.6 x 10 -19 x 5 x 10 power 15 x 0.33
F =2.64 x 10 power minus 4
What is a magnetic field?
The magnetic field can be defined as an area around a magnet which exerts magnetic force and is caused by moving electric charge. Field lines are a visual tool used to represent magnetic fields.
Properties of Magnetic field are;
Magnetic field lines never intersect each other.It takes the least resistant path between the opposite magnetic poles. Path of magnetic lines of force of a bar magnet is closed loops from one pole to the other.The length of magnetic field lines will be the same.Hence in the given question proton would move in x direction with a force of 2.64 x 10 power minus 4
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what best describes the part of the graph where the classical kbos are found? eccentric (out-of-round) orbits that stay farthest from the sun eccentric (out-of-round) orbits that get closest to the sun nearly circular orbits that stay farthest from the sun nearly circular orbits that get closest to the sun
The statement that best describes the part of the graph where the classical (Kuiper Belt Objects)kbos are found is "nearly circular orbits that stay farthest from the sun".
What are Kuiper Belt Objects?
The Kuiper belt object is described as a circumstellar disc in the outer Solar System, extending from the orbit of Neptune at 30 astronomical units (AU) to approximately 50 AU from the Sun.
The Kuiper belt object like the asteroid belt, consists mainly of small bodies or remnants from when the Solar System formed. While many asteroids are composed primarily of rock and metal, most Kuiper belt objects are composed largely of frozen volatiles (termed "ices"), such as
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13. What is the weight of a 2.5 kg watermelon?
Answer:
w=mg
Explanation:
w=2.5(10)
= 25N
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A 1.0 kg cart is moving with a speed of 12 m/s when it bounces off of a wall. It bounces off and moves in the opposite direction with the same speed. What was the change in momentum of the cart?
The change in momentum of the cart is 24 kg⋅m/s.
What is momentum?
A particle's linear momentum, p, when it is travelling at a certain speed is described as
p = mv
The linear momentum is a vector quantity.When two objects collide, a force is applied for a predetermined period of time, changing the momentum of the item. When a force acts for a predetermined period of time, the object's mass either increases or decreases (or changes direction).
The change in momentum of the object is equal to the impulse it experiences. F • t = m • v is an equation.When two objects collide, they both experience an impulse, which both causes and is equal to the change in momentum.Elastic collisions occur when two objects collide and then rebound with the same speed (and, consequently, momentum, and kinetic energy) as they did before the collision.Given in the question,
Mass of the cart = 1.0 kg
Initial velocity of the cart, vi = 12 m/s
Final velocity of the cart, vf = 12 m/s
The magnitude of the cart's momentum change is
Δp= m∣νi − νf∣
= (1 .0 kg)∣(12.0m/s)−(−12.0m/s)∣
= 24 kg⋅m/s.
Hence, The change in momentum of the cart after collision with the wall is 24 kg⋅m/s.
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what best describes SONAR waves
Answer:Sonar, short for Sound Navigation and Ranging, is helpful for exploring and mapping the ocean because sound waves travel farther in the water than do radar and light waves.
this question has several parts that must be completed sequentially. if you skip a part of the question, you will not receive any points for the skipped part, and you will not be able to come back to the skipped part. tutorial exercise a boat leaves a dock at 6:00 pm and travels due south at a speed of 20 km/h. another boat has been heading due east at 15 km/h and reaches the same dock at 7:00 pm. how many minutes after 6:00 pm were the two boats closest together?
The boats were closest together for approximately ; 22 minutes
What is velocity?
Velocity is the directional velocity of a moving object, observed from a given frame of reference and indicating the rate of change of position measured at a given time reference (eg 60 km/h northward). Velocity is a fundamental concept in kinematics, a branch of classical mechanics that describes the motion of bodies.
Velocity is a physical vector quantity. The scalar absolute value (magnitude) of velocity is called velocity, and its magnitude is a consistent derived unit measured in the SI (metric) system as meters per second (m/s or m⋅s−1). For example, "5 meters/second" is a scalar, but "5 meters/second east" is a vector. An object is said to be accelerating if its velocity, direction, or both change.
Time After 6 pm = t
Speed of boat 1 travelling south wards after 6 pm ( t ) = 20 t
Speed of boat 2 traveling east after 6 pm = 15 t
Distance of Boat 2 from Dock = 15 - 15 t
Distance of Boat 1 = 20t
∴ The distance between the boats
= ( 15 - 15 t )² + ( 20t )² = D * 2 ----- ( 1 )
Differentiating equation ( 1 ) ( note : make dD/dt = 0 )
2( 15 - 15 t )* (-15) + 2 (20t)*(20)
make t subject of the expression
t = 9 /25
= 0.36 h ≈ 22 minutes
Hence we can conclude that The boats were closest together for approximately ; 22 minutes
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einstein's theory of general relativity predicts that, group of answer choices time appears to slow for moving objects. stars should collapse into black holes. gravity is caused by curved spacetime. lengths appear to contract for moving objects.
According to Einstein's general theory of relativity, curved spacetime is what causes gravity.
Why does gravity have a force?However, gravity a force in the broadest sense since it defines the interaction that results when two masses are in close proximity to one another. The warping of spacetime and also the motion of things through the stretched spacetime are the primary causes of gravitational effects. It appears as though a force was exerted towards the end, though.
What causes gravity?With the publication of his general theory of relativity in 1915, Albert Einstein provided the solution. All mass-bearing things, such as the Earth, really bend and curve spacetime, which is what causes gravity to draw you toward the earth. You experience gravity because of its curvature.
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If a car collides with a moving bus, what type of relationship exists between the force of the car and the force of the bus?.
Equal but in opposing directions, forces of the car and the force of the bus.
Given that both objects are moving, you can be sure that the collision is elastic and that the forces involved in the collision between the bus and the car will be equal.
Without force, objects cannot be moved, stopped, or changed direction. Force can be defined as the pushing or pulling of any object as a result of the object's interaction or movement. In nature, there are various types of forces that interact quantitatively between two physical bodies, such as an object and its surroundings. If an object is in motion or in a static state, the position of the object can only be changed by an external force—referred to as force—pushing or pulling against it. The various types of contact force include spring force, applied force, air resistance force, normal force, tension force, friction force, and others that are generated when we exert some effort on an object. Non-contact forces, which include electromagnetic, gravitational, and nuclear forces, are another category of forces that exist at a distance.
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listed following are characteristics of the atmospheres of venus, earth, and mars. match each atmospheric characteristic to the appropriate planet.
Runaway greenhouse effect caused by Venus' sulfuric acid clouds and lack of surface winds.The majority of the Earth's atmosphere is composed of nitrogen.The atmosphere of Mars is very thin.
The layers of gas that surround and are held in place by a planet's gravitational pull make up the atmosphere of that planet. When the atmosphere's temperature is low and its gravity is strong, a planet can maintain its atmosphere. The gaseous layers encircling a planet or other celestial body are known as its atmosphere. About 78% of the atmosphere on Earth is made up of nitrogen, 21% of it of oxygen, and 1% of other gases. Depending on temperature, the atmosphere is made up of layers. Tropospheric, stratospheric, mesospheric, and thermospheric layers make up this system. The exosphere is a further zone located around 500 kilometers above the surface of the Earth. The atmosphere is the name given to the cloud of air that envelops the planet.
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Which of the statements about the protonephridia of freshwater flatworms is accurate?
a. Muscular contractions drive fluid movement through the excretory tubules.
b. The fluid passing through the tubules is not modified before excretion.
c. Protonephridia are surrounded by a capillary network to allow for selective reabsorption and secretion.
d. The urine leaving the body of a freshwater flatworm is more concentrated than its body fluids.
e. Fluid from the body enters the protonephridia without first being filtered.
Using the theories of protonephridia, we got that the statements about the protonephridia of freshwater flatworms which is accurate is e)Fluid from the body enters the protonephridia without first being filtered.
The flame cell is a specialized excretory cell found in the simplest freshwater invertebrates, including flatworms, rotifers, and the nemerteans. Bundles of the flame cells are called Protonephridia. Protonephridia helps in the osmoregulation or ion-regulation. They are also helpful in the excretion.
Protonephridium is the network of dead-end tubules lacking internal openings found in the phyla Platyhelminthes, Nemertea
Hence, the the statements about the protonephridia of freshwater flatworms is accurate is option e) Fluid from the body enters the protonephridia without first being filtered.
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Why is gas production not recognized as nitrate reduction when the organism is a known fermenter.
There are other gases produced during fermentation such as carbon dioxide. There are other possible gases produced by the organism during fermentation.
There are different gases produced during fermentation such as carbon dioxide. Certainly the gasoline produced can not be considered from nitrate reduction. Seeing that, there are different viable gases produced via the organism at some stage in fermentation.
Fermentation is a metabolic method that produces chemical modifications in natural substrates via the motion of enzymes. In biochemistry, it's far narrowly defined as the extraction of strength from carbohydrates inside the absence of oxygen.
This is a -step method, the first step is the formation of ethyl alcohol from sugar anaerobically using yeast. Inside the second step, ethyl alcohol is similarly oxidized to shape acetic acid the use of acetobacter micro organism. Microbial oxidation of alcohol to acid is an aerobic manner.
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the two charges are brought together until they touch for enough time for the charge to equalize between the two spheres. the charges are then returned to their original places. what is the repulsive force on each charge with their new charges?
Coulomb force, also known as electrostatic force or Coulomb interaction, is the electric charge of a particle or object's ability to attract or repel other particles or things.
What exactly is a Coulomb force?The force of force of attraction between two like it or unlike charges is known as the Coulombic force or an electrostatic force. The two charges are spaced apart and have opposite charges with equal magnitude.
What example of coulomb's law is there?Comb and paper scraps When a comb is scraped against hair, charges are transferred to the teeth of the comb. Paper scraps with opposite charges or those with neutral charges are drawn to the charged comb. Coulomb's law is well shown by the electrical interaction between both the paper fragments and the comb.
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During glucose catabolism, 686 kcal of energy are made available to do work. A minimum of 686 kcal are required for the anabolism of the same molecule. In practice, more energy is required. Why is this the case?.
More energy is needed because not all energy transduction processes are 100 percent effective. More cellular energy is needed since there are inefficiencies.
Mechanism of production of cellular energyCellular energy is mostly produced by the breakdown of carbohydrates, especially glucose. the total oxidative decomposition of glucose into CO2 and water
G°′= -686 kcal/mol is the amount of free energy produced by the process. Glucose is oxidized within cells in a sequence of stages associated with the creation of ATP to capture this free energy in usable form.
Almost all cells go through the process of glycolysis, which is the first step in the breakdown of glucose. Without oxygen, glycolysis takes place and can supply all of the anaerobic organisms' metabolic energy. Glycolysis, however, is only the first step in the degradation of glucose in aerobic cells.
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