The amount that the issuer pays to the bondholder up to the bond's maturity date is known as the coupon rate. The yield of maturity, on the other hand, represents the investor's entire return up until maturity. The interest rate is paid yearly in a coupon rate.
The yield to maturity of a bond is equal to its coupon rate if it is bought at par, or face value. The yield to maturity of the bond will be greater than its coupon rate if the investor buys it at a discount. The yield to maturity of a bond acquired at a premium will be lower than the coupon rate.
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On January 1, Hawaiian Specialty Foods purchased equipment for $37,000. Residual value at the end of an estimated four-year service life is expected to be $3,250. The company expects the machine to op
On January 1, Hawaiian Specialty Foods purchased equipment for $37,000. Residual value at the end of an estimated four-year service life is expected to be $3,250. The company expects the machine to operate for 20,000 hours. During 2018, the machine was operated for 5,000 hours and it was estimated that it would have a useful life of 16,000 hours after January 1, 2018.
What is the amount of depreciation expense for the machine for the year ending December 31, 2018?Solution:Depreciation expense is the amount allocated to an asset over its estimated useful life. It is an accounting method used to allocate the cost of a tangible asset over its useful life.
So, it had 15,000 (20,000 - 5,000) operating hours at the end of the year 2018, which is 3/4th of the total life (4 years).It is expected to have 3/4 * 16,000 hours = 12,000 hours of useful life at the end of the year 2018.So, the rate of depreciation per hour is $33,750/20,000 = $1.6875 per hour.
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Which of the following is least likely to be required by the binomial option pricing model? Select one: O a. Actual probabilities of the up and down moves. b. Two possible prices one period later. O c. Strike Price. O d. Spot price.
The following is least likely to be expected by the binomial model evaluating model genuine probabilities of the up and down moves.
The option (A) is correct.
The actual probabilities of the all-over moves in the fundamental don't show up in the binomial choice evaluating model, just the pseudo or "hazard unbiased" probabilities. Both the spot cost of the fundamental and two potential costs one period later are expected by the binomial pricing model.
In the binomial choice valuing model, the likelihood appropriation is regularly accepted or assessed given elements, for example, authentic information, economic situations, or suggested unpredictability. It isn't important to know the real probabilities of the up and down moves for the model to work.
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Groceries Inc. is a leading retail grocery chain in Canada that offers a wide range of best quality products and services at a competitive price to its customers. There am 1200 company-owned stores Canada-wide, 500 franchises stores, 40 distribution centers in all provinces of Canada. Groceries Inc. employs 80,000 full-time and 10,000 part-time en employees in s in Canada C a. On average, it lists 75,000 items in the store and 4500 vendors who supply them. Groceries inc also has its brand manufactured and provided to Groceries Inc. by party food processing vendors Groceries inc. is a publicly listed company on the Toronto stock exchange its current share price is 85 CAD Financial details are as follows: Revenue 30,000 M Gross Profit 9,000 M Net Income 1200 M Cos of Revenue 18,000 M Sales Growth 10 et income Growth 25% Groceries inc. is the market leader by holding a 25% market share, Its nearest competitor has a 23% market share. Groceries inc. faces tough competition from brick & mortar stores as well as online retailers Groceries Inc. is known for its best customer service at an 80% customer satisfaction rating Groceries Inc. has commenced its Digital Transformation journey, its vision, policies, and strategies incorporate Digital Transformation Groceries Inc. IT team has 750 employees. IT team is responsible for ALL aspects of IT, including application infrastructure, integration, security maintenance and monitoring, IT team is also responsible for application development and enhancements Currently, the IT team has six months of work backlog and cannot retain talent due to high workload, mundane tasks, lack of career Groceries Inc. uses 35 different applications hosted in 2 data centers in Canada. Both data centers are 90% occupied and have no space to add additional infrastructure Groceries Inc. IT Technologies are coming to the end of support, and there is no plan to upgrade or replace Cument technologies are unable to meet business and market needs. As a result, many business units in the organization have started their work around solutions by having many offline excel spreadsheets. In short, the It Team and Technologies are becoming the bottleneck for business growth Executive management expects Digital Transformation to solve Business and IT issues. Cloud Migration Groceries Inc. is evaluating moving its Digital Asset Management (DAM) application to the cloud IT team's preferred choice is Paas. The business team's preferred choice is Saas, Marketing executives want to outsource the entire DAM. IT operations leader would like to keep DAM on-premise but will support Pass IT infrastructure team thinks that this move will cause job loss. Business stakeholder does not fully understand what this move will mean to them. The finance team is only interested in dollar numbers and won't approve the project until they have total ROL Cloud vendor ha provided three approaches, but it is up to IT and Business stakeholders to select one. Working as a Lead Business Analyst Digital Transformation Steering Committee has asked you to perform the following analysis and report back to the steering committee in two weeks. Steering Committee consists of senior leadership (VP and above) from IT and business Steering Committee asks: My heldon for the cloud project Prs and Cons of Saus, Pus, Onpreise Last the critical deci Indien •
Groceries Inc. faces a crucial decision regarding its Digital Asset Management (DAM) application: selecting the right cloud vendor, planning data migration, and deciding on in-house or outsourced application development.
Cloud Migration is a crucial decision for Groceries Inc. which is looking for a way to move its Digital Asset Management (DAM) application to the cloud. The IT team's preferred choice is PaaS. The business team's preferred choice is SaaS. Marketing executives want to outsource the entire DAM. The IT operations leader would like to keep DAM on-premise but will support PaaS. IT infrastructure team thinks that this move will cause job loss. Business stakeholders do not fully understand what this move will mean to them. The finance team is only interested in dollar numbers and won't approve the project until they have the total ROL.
Cloud vendors provided three approaches, but it is up to IT and business stakeholders to select one. The Pros and Cons of each approach are:SaaS: SaaS (Software as a Service) is an approach to providing software applications over the internet. It is a method of delivering software to end-users over the internet on a subscription basis. It has several advantages like less time and cost of deployment, easy maintenance, ease to use, and less capital expenditure. But there are also a few disadvantages, including less control over data, software, and security issues, limited customization options, and data privacy.
PaaS: PaaS (Platform as a Service) is a platform for developing, testing, and deploying software applications. It is a cloud-based environment for creating, testing, and deploying applications. PaaS has several advantages, including increased development speed, easy deployment, scalability, and reliability. However, there are also a few disadvantages, including dependency on a vendor, limited customization, and vendor lock-in. On-Premise: On-Premise is a software delivery model in which software is installed and operated from the customer's location rather than hosted on a remote server. It provides more control, more security, and more customization options. However, there are also a few disadvantages, including higher capital expenditure, higher maintenance costs, and the need for in-house expertise.
The Critical Decision Points are Cloud Vendor Selection: The first critical decision point is the selection of a cloud vendor. Groceries Inc. must evaluate the cloud vendor based on the ability to meet business requirements, data privacy, security, cost, and other factors. Data Migration: The second critical decision point is data migration. Groceries Inc. must plan data migration carefully, considering data security, data privacy, and data integrity. Groceries Inc. must also ensure that data migration does not impact business operations. Application Development: The third critical decision point is application development. Groceries Inc. must decide whether to develop the application in-house or outsource it to a vendor. Groceries Inc. must also ensure that the application development process is aligned with the Digital Transformation vision and strategy.
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Which of the following functions is a marketing department LEAST likely to perform? ed out of 4.0 question Select one: O A. defining the brand O B. establishing distribution channels OC. creating a CRM process O D. securing financing O E creating promotions ion
The functions is a marketing department LEAST likely to perform is securing financing (option D).
They are responsible for defining the company's brand, as well as creating and executing marketing campaigns to increase sales. Securing financing, on the other hand, is not a task that is typically performed by the marketing department.
The marketing department is least likely to perform the function of securing financing. Securing financing typically falls under the responsibility of the finance department or the organization's financial team. While the marketing department plays a crucial role in promoting products or services, creating promotions, defining the brand, establishing distribution channels, and implementing a CRM (Customer Relationship Management) process, securing financing is not typically within their purview. The correct option is D.
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When a company uses economic profit as a performance metric, managers have an incentive to invest only in projects
When a company uses economic profit as a performance metric, managers have an incentive to invest only in projects that have high economic profits.
They will only invest in projects that can bring in more revenue than the total opportunity costs. Economic profit is the difference between a company's total revenue and total costs, including both explicit and implicit costs. Explicit costs are expenses that can be directly linked to the production of a good or service, such as the cost of raw materials or salaries paid to workers. Implicit costs, on the other hand, are opportunity costs and include the benefits that are given up by choosing one alternative over another.
A company that uses economic profit as a performance metric will strive to maximize economic profit rather than accounting profit. By doing this, managers will only invest in projects that provide the highest possible economic profit. This will ensure that the company is using its resources efficiently and earning the highest possible return on investment.
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Describe how each of the following will affect the supply of personal computers:
a. A rise in wage rates
b. An increase in the number of sellers of computers
c. A tax placed on the production of computers
d. A subsidy for the production of computers
an increase in the number of sellers of computers and a subsidy for the production of computers will result in an increase in the supply of personal computers while a rise in wage rates and a tax placed on the production of computers will lead to a decrease in the supply of personal computers.
A. A rise in wage rates - An increase in wage rates can increase the cost of production and decrease the supply of personal computers.
B. An increase in the number of sellers of computers - If there is an increase in the number of sellers of computers, it can lead to an increase in the supply of personal computers as more businesses will be producing and selling computers.
C. A tax placed on the production of computers - When a tax is placed on the production of computers, it can lead to a decrease in the supply of personal computers as the cost of production increases.
D. A subsidy for the production of computers - When there is a subsidy for the production of computers, it can lead to an increase in the supply of personal computers as the cost of production decreases.
Therefore, an increase in the number of sellers of computers and a subsidy for the production of computers will result in an increase in the supply of personal computers while a rise in wage rates and a tax placed on the production of computers will lead to a decrease in the supply of personal computers.
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Below is the payroll data for Brewings Co. for the payroll period ended on December 18:
Gross earnings $3,200.75
Deductions:
Federal income tax $549.00
Social Security tax $484.25
Medicare tax $53.21
Health insurance premiums $107.00
Employee Credit Union Savings Plans $140.00
Net amount of payroll $1,867.29
The journal entry Brewings Co. will need to make to record the above payroll information includes:
a.a credit to Cash for $3,200.75.
b.a debit to each individual deduction as an expense for its corresponding amount.
c.a debit to Wages and Salaries Expense for $1,867.29.
d.a debit to Wages and Salaries Expense for $3,200.75.
Brewings Co. will need to make a journal entry to record the above payroll information. The journal entry will include a debit to Wages and Salaries Expense for $3,200.75. Deductions will be recorded as a debit to each individual deduction as an expense for its corresponding amount.
Option d: Debit to Wages and Salaries Expense for $3,200.75 is the correct option.Wages and Salaries Expense is an income statement account used to record wages and salaries paid to employees. Wages and Salaries Expense account is debited for the total gross salary paid to employees (including payroll taxes) to recognize all forms of compensation earned by employees. The corresponding credit is to Cash.
All deductions, including Federal income tax, Social Security tax, Medicare tax, Health insurance premiums, and Employee Credit Union Savings Plans, will be recorded as a debit to each individual deduction as an expense for its corresponding amount.Wages and Salaries Expense account and the deductions' expense accounts are closed to Income Summary at the end of the accounting period. The Income Summary account is then closed to the Retained Earnings account.
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2 points Save Answer xable income of $23,000 in 2020/21, which includes eligible taxable income (not from a trust) of $3,000? (Consider applicable tax offsets. Ignore the
taxable income of $23,000 in
The taxable income for the person would be $21,665.
Taxable income of $23,000 in 2020/21 includes eligible taxable income (not from a trust) of $3,000. Applicable tax offsets are to be considered. Ignore the taxable income of $23,000 in relation to the answer. Let us calculate the taxable income for 2020/21 which includes eligible taxable income (not from a trust) of $3,000. The formula for calculating taxable income is as follows:
Taxable Income = Total Income – Deductions
Total Income = $23,000
Deductions = Tax Offsets + Standard Deduction
Applicable tax offsets include Seniors and Pensioners Tax Offset, Australian Super Income Stream Tax Offset, Zone Tax Offset, and Low and Middle Income Tax Offset.
Let us say that the person is eligible for the Low and Middle Income Tax Offset. The value of the offset is $255 if the taxable income is between $37,000 and $48,000. Therefore, the taxable income would be:
Taxable Income = Total Income – Deductions
Total Income = $23,000
Deductions = $255 (Low and Middle Income Tax Offset) + $1,080 (Standard Deduction)Deductions
= $1,335Therefore,
Taxable Income = Total Income – Deductions
= $23,000 – $1,335
= $21,665
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Oakmont Company has an opportunity to manufacture and sell a new product for a four-year period. The company’s discount rate is 13%. After careful study, Oakmont estimated the following costs and revenues for the new product:
This investment opportunity has a net present Value (NPV) with a discount factor of $32,991.
How to solve for the NPVThe cost of the required equipment is provided as $135,000. The working capital needed is identified as $61,000, bringing the total to $196,000.
For annual revenues and costs:
The sales revenues are presented as $260,000. The variable expenses amount to $125,000, while the fixed out-of-pocket operating costs total $71,000.
This results in a Net Profit/Cashflow of $64,000.
It's noted that an overhaul of the equipment, which will occur in two years, is projected to cost $7,000.
In terms of terminal inflow, the equipment is estimated to have a salvage value of $11,000 in four years. The working capital needed at that time will be $61,000. Thus, the total becomes $72,000 (sum of $61,000 and $11,000).
Below is the discounted cash flow analysis at a discount rate of 13%:
Year Cashflow Discount Factor 13% Discounted Cashflow
0 -$196,000 1 -$196,000
1 $64,000 0.885 $56,640
2 $57,000 ($64,000-$7,000) 0.783 $44,631
3 $64,000 0.693 $44,352
4 $136,000 ($64,000+$72,000) 0.613 $83,368
This results in a Net Present Value (NPV) of $32,991.
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Question
Oakmont Company has an opportunity to manufacture and sell a new product for a four-year period. The company’s discount rate is 13%. After careful study, Oakmont estimated the following costs and revenues for the new product:
Cost of equipment needed $ 135,000
Working capital needed $ 61,000
Overhaul of the equipment in two years $ 7,000
Salvage value of the equipment in four years $ 11,000
Annual revenues and costs:
Sales revenues $ 260,000
Variable expenses $ 125,000
Fixed out-of-pocket operating costs $ 71,000
When the project concludes in four years the working capital will be released for investment elsewhere within the company.
Required:
Calculate the net present value of this investment opportunity. (Round discount factor(s) to 3 decimal places.)A company's controller maintains a spreadsheet to facilitate the reconciliation of the company's account balance per the bank to the company's account balance per the general ledger. The company's management is considering the implementation of new financial software that includes an automated bank reconciliation process. In a memo to the controller, discuss the impact on the internal controls of migrating from a manual bank reconciliation process to an automated bank reconciliation process.
The migration from a manual bank reconciliation process to an automated one can improve efficiency, accuracy, segregation of duties, audit trail, and security controls within the internal control framework.
Subject: Impact on Internal Controls: Transition from Manual to Automated Bank Reconciliation Process
Dear Controller,
I am writing to discuss the potential impact on internal controls regarding the migration from a manual bank reconciliation process to an automated bank reconciliation process. As management considers implementing new financial software that includes automated bank reconciliation functionality, it is important to assess how this transition could affect our internal control environment.
Internal controls play a critical role in safeguarding assets, ensuring accuracy and reliability of financial information, and mitigating risks. Here are some key points to consider regarding the impact on internal controls:
1. Efficiency and Accuracy: Automation of the bank reconciliation process can enhance efficiency and accuracy by reducing the reliance on manual data entry and calculation. Automated systems can handle large volumes of transactions, perform matching algorithms, and identify discrepancies more quickly, resulting in a more efficient and reliable reconciliation process.
2. Segregation of Duties: With the implementation of automated bank reconciliation software, there may be opportunities to enhance segregation of duties. By assigning different individuals responsible for entering bank transactions, reconciling accounts, and reviewing the reconciliation reports, we can establish a stronger control framework, reducing the risk of errors or fraudulent activities.
3. Audit Trail and Documentation: Automated bank reconciliation systems often provide a comprehensive audit trail and documentation of the reconciliation process. This includes transaction history, reconciliation adjustments, and approvals, which can improve transparency and support internal and external audit requirements.
4. System Access and Security: It is essential to ensure proper access controls and security measures are in place to protect the automated bank reconciliation software. This includes implementing user roles and permissions, password controls, and data encryption to prevent unauthorized access and maintain the integrity of financial information.
5. Staff Training and Monitoring: With the adoption of new financial software, it is important to provide appropriate training to the staff involved in the bank reconciliation process. Training should cover the proper use of the software, understanding the automated processes, and addressing any changes in roles and responsibilities. Ongoing monitoring and supervision are also crucial to ensure compliance with internal control procedures and identify any issues or anomalies.
While the transition to an automated bank reconciliation process can offer significant benefits, it is essential to perform a comprehensive risk assessment and consider the specific features and functionalities of the chosen software. Adequate testing, validation, and ongoing monitoring will be essential to ensure the reliability and effectiveness of the automated system.
We should collaborate with the software implementation team and internal/external auditors to ensure that the new system is properly integrated into our control environment. Regular evaluations and reviews of the automated bank reconciliation process will allow us to identify and address any control deficiencies or areas for improvement.
Please let me know if you have any questions or concerns regarding this transition. We can schedule a meeting to discuss the implementation plan and ensure that our internal controls are appropriately aligned with the new automated bank reconciliation process.
Sincerely,
[Your Name]
[Your Position]
[Company Name]
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Which of the following would not be an application best suited for multiple regression analysis?
a. estimating the relationship between various demographic and lifestyle variables and the attitude toward a particular product
b. determining which variables best predict the sales of a particular product or service
c. estimating the effect of several marketing mix variables on product sales
d. reducing a large number of potential predictor variables to a smaller set of composite variables
Option D, "reducing a large number of potential predictor variables to a smaller set of composite variables" would not be an application best suited for multiple regression analysis.
Multiple regression analysis is used for a variety of applications, but it is not appropriate for all situations. It is used to determine the relationship between several independent variables and one dependent variable. It is a statistical method that predicts the value of one variable based on the values of several other variables. Multiple regression analysis is a statistical method used to analyze the relationship between one dependent variable and several independent variables. Multiple regression analysis is a widely used statistical method in marketing research. It is an important tool in the hands of marketing researchers, who use it to analyze the relationship between several independent variables and one dependent variable. It is used in a variety of applications, including estimating the relationship between various demographic and lifestyle variables and the attitude toward a particular product, determining which variables best predict the sales of a particular product or service, and estimating the effect of several marketing mix variables on product sales.However, multiple regression analysis is not appropriate for all situations. It is not suited to reduce a large number of potential predictor variables to a smaller set of composite variables. In such a situation, principal component analysis is more suitable. In multiple regression analysis, the analyst determines the relationship between the independent variables and the dependent variable. In principal component analysis, the analyst reduces the number of variables by combining them into composite variables that represent the underlying factors that affect the dependent variable.
Option D, "reducing a large number of potential predictor variables to a smaller set of composite variables" would not be an application best suited for multiple regression analysis. Multiple regression analysis is a statistical method used to analyze the relationship between several independent variables and one dependent variable. It is used in a variety of applications, but it is not appropriate for all situations. In such a situation, principal component analysis is more suitable.
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An application that is not best suited for multiple regression analysis is reducing a large number of potential predictor variables to a smaller set of composite variables. Thus, the correct answer is option D.
Although there are many uses for multiple regression analysis, it is not appropriate in every circumstance. It is employed to ascertain how many independent factors interact with a single dependent variable. It uses statistics to forecast one variable's value based on the values of multiple other variables.
A statistical technique called multiple regression analysis is used to examine the relationship between one dependent variable and a number of independent variables. In marketing research, multiple regression analysis is a common statistical technique. It has a wide range of uses, such as calculating the association between different demographic and lifestyle factors and the attitude towards a specific product, and figuring out which factors most accurately predict the sales of a specific good or service.
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On December 31, 2015, Martin Corp invested in Marlin's 5-year, $200,000 bond with a 5% interest rate for $191,575. The bond pays semiannual interest on June 30th and December 31st. The fair values of the bonds at the end of 2016-2018 are $194,500, $194,200, and $195,750. Martin sold its investment in Marlin's bond on July 1, 2019 at 98%½ (i.e. selling price is = 98.5% of the face value). Please answer all following questions using Excel Template.
A. What is the market interest rate for Marlin's bond?
B. Prepare an amortization schedule related to the bond investment in Marlin. How does Martin's investment classification (as HTM, AFS, or Trading) influence this amortization schedule?
C. Assuming the bonds are classified as held-to-maturity investments,
• Prepare the journal entries on December 31, 2015
Prepare the journal entries related to the bond on December 31, 2016.
Prepare the journal entries related to the bond on December 31, 2018.
• Prepare the journal entries related to the bond on July 1 2019.
D. Assuming the bonds are classified as AFS investment, prepare the journal entries on aforementioned dates.
E. Assuming the bonds are classified as Trading investment, prepare the journal entries on aforementioned dates.
Determining the market interest rate, preparing the amortization schedule, and recording the journal entries depend on the classification of Martin's investment (HTM, AFS, or Trading), which determines how changes in fair value are recognized.
A. To determine the market interest rate for Marlin's bond, we can calculate the yield to maturity (YTM) using the bond's purchase price, face value, coupon rate, and remaining years to maturity. By finding the YTM that results in a present value close to the purchase price, we can estimate the market interest rate.
B. The amortization schedule for the bond investment in Marlin will outline the interest income, premium or discount amortization, and carrying value of the investment over time.
The classification of Martin's investment as held-to-maturity (HTM), available-for-sale (AFS), or trading will influence the amortization schedule by determining how changes in fair value are recorded.
C. Assuming the bonds are classified as held-to-maturity investments:
On December 31, 2015: Martin would record the purchase of the bond by debiting the investment in Marlin's bond and crediting cash for the purchase price.
On December 31, 2016: Martin would record the semiannual interest payment by debiting interest receivable, crediting interest income, and adjusting the carrying value of the bond.
On December 31, 2018: Similar to 2016, Martin would record the interest payment and adjust the carrying value.
On July 1, 2019: Martin would record the sale of the bond at a discount by debiting cash (proceeds from the sale), debiting or crediting the gain or loss on sale of investment, and crediting the investment in Marlin's bond.
D. Assuming the bonds are classified as available-for-sale investments:
The journal entries would be similar to the HTM classification, but any changes in the fair value of the bond would be recorded in other comprehensive income (OCI) instead of affecting net income.
E. Assuming the bonds are classified as trading investments:
The journal entries would be similar to the HTM classification, but any changes in the fair value of the bond would be recorded directly in net income.
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Annual returns for 2019, 2020, and 2021 for the American Century Small Cap Value Fund were 5.00 percent, -8.00 percent, and 13.00 percent. Based on this information, the three-year geometric mean return is:
Question 1 options:
1) Less than 1 percent
2) Between 1.01 percent and 2.00 percent
3) Between 2.01 percent and 3.00 percent
4) Greater than 3.00 percent
The three-year geometric mean return is greater than 3.00 percent given that Annual returns for 2019, 2020, and 2021 for the American Century Small Cap Value Fund were 5.00 percent, -8.00 percent, and 13.00 percent. For instance, the geometric mean formula is [1+(0.05 x -0.08 x 0.13)]^(1/3) - 1 = 0.00397 or 0.397%.
Thus, the geometric mean return is less than 1 percent (0.397%). Therefore, the correct option is number 1). Less than 1 percent The three-year geometric mean return is less than 1 percent. The geometric mean is the average rate of return that an investment produces over a specified period, taking into account the effects of compounding.
Geometric mean is used to determine the average rate of return on an investment when the investment compounds, such as with mutual funds or stocks that pay dividends. The geometric mean is calculated by multiplying the rate of return by the rate of return, adding 1 to the product, then taking the nth root of the resulting number, where n is the number of years in the investment horizon. American Century Small Cap Value Fund had annual returns of 5.00 percent, -8.00 percent, and 13.00 percent for 2019, 2020, and 2021, respectively. Therefore, the geometric mean is calculated as follows: [(1 + 0.05) x (1 - 0.08) x (1 + 0.13)]^(1/3) - 1 = 0.00397, or 0.397%. Since the return is less than 1 percent, the correct answer is option 1, which states that the geometric mean return is less than 1 percent.
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In the Challenge Solution, would it make a difference to the analysis whether the lump-sum costs such as registration fees are collected annually or only once when the firm starts operation? How would each of these franchise taxes affect the firm's long-run supply curve? The Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA) along with state transportation agencies in 38 states administer interstate trucking licenses through a Single State Registration System. However, the registration process is complex, time consuming, and expensive. There are many fees and costly regulations that a trucker or firm must meet to operate. For example, for a large truck, the annual federal interstate registration fee can exceed $8,000. These largely lump-sum costswhich are not related to the number of miles drivenhave increased substantially in recent years. What effect do these new fixed costs have on the trucking market price and quantity? Are individual firms providing more or fewer trucking services? Does the number of firms in the market rise or fall? The Challenge Solution suggests the market price will increase and the market quantity will decrease. Further, the number of firms in the market will fall, although each firm remaining in the market will produce more. Instead of being collected annually, if the lump-sum costs are collected only once (when the firm starts operation), then
Answer:
The answer is "nothing changes because the fees would still be fixed costs."
Explanation:
When annual expenses throughout the cash payment are recovered, a long-term delivery curve of both the company will change.
When the lump sum costs are still only obtained once, the long-term supply curve shall be changed.
It is because, regardless of how it is paid, this tv license has little effect mostly on low cost but only a fixed cost. Its amount of output relies on how well the cost of the profit changes. Provided these are fixed costs, their performance doesn't matter.
Market demand is given by D(p) = 100 – ½p, all firms in the market have the following long-run cost function C'(y) = y² +9. a) Find the firm's supply function, yż(p). b) Find the equilibrium price, p*. c) Find the equilibrium firm and market quantity, yž, and y*. d) Find the equilibrium number of firms, n*
The number of firms in the market, n* is given by:
Market demand = n* y*100 - ½p*
= n*(y*)2n* = (100 - ½p*) / (2y*)n* = (100 - ½p*) / [2(n*y*)]n*
= (100 - ½p*) / [2(n*(45 / 2))]n* = (100 - ½p*) / [45n*]n*
= (200 - p*) / [45n*]n* = (200 - 135 / (2 + y*)) / [45n*]
Given :
Market demand is given by D(p) = 100 – ½p
All firms in the market have the following long-run cost function C′(y) = y² + 9
a) Firm's supply function :
Firm's supply function is given by equation :MC = P, where MC is the marginal cost, and P is the price of the product
The firm's marginal cost can be calculated as follows:
MC = C'(y) = y² + 9
The supply function of the firm is the equation of the MC, that is,
yż(p) = MC(y) = p - 9 / y
b) Equilibrium price:
To find equilibrium price, we equate demand and supply:
Market demand, D(p) = 100 – ½p
Firm's supply, yż(p) = p - 9 / y
Equilibrium price, p* is given by:
D(p*) = yż(p*)100 – ½p* = p* - 9 / y*p* (1 + ½y*) = 100 + 9p* = (100 + 9) / (1 + ½y*)p* = 135 / (2 + y*)
c) Equilibrium quantity:
Market demand, D(p*) = 100 – ½p*
Firm's supply, yż(p*) = p* - 9 / y*
Market equilibrium quantity, y* is given by:
100 – ½p* = p* - 9 / y*y*(100 - ½p*)
= y*(p* - 9)2y* + y*²p*
= 135y*² + 2y*(100 - ½p*) - 9y*²
= 135y* = 45 / 2
Market equilibrium quantity, yž = n*y* where n is the number of firms in the market
d) Equilibrium number of firms:
Each firm produces y*
Therefore, the number of firms in the market, n* is given by:
Market demand = n* y*100 - ½p*
= n*(y*)2n* = (100 - ½p*) / (2y*)n* = (100 - ½p*) / [2(n*y*)]n*
= (100 - ½p*) / [2(n*(45 / 2))]n* = (100 - ½p*) / [45n*]n*
= (200 - p*) / [45n*]n* = (200 - 135 / (2 + y*)) / [45n*]
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Use the following information for the year ended December 31, 2022 Supplies $ 1.000 Service revenue $18,000 Other operating expenses 12,000 Cash 15,000 Accounts payable 9,000 Dividends 1,000 Accounts receivable 3,000 Notes payable 1.000 Common stock 9,000 Equipment 13,000 Retained earnings (beginning) 5,000 Calculate the following: (Enter loss using either a negative sign preceding the number eg -45 or parentheses 45
eg. Net income/(net loss) $ _____
Ending retained earnings $ ______
Total assets ______
Net income/(net loss): $6,000
Ending retained earnings: $11,000
Total assets: $29,000
What is the net income/(net loss), ending retained earnings, and total assets?Based on the information provided, the net income (or net loss) for the year ended December 31, 2022, is $6,000. This figure is obtained by subtracting the total operating expenses ($12,000) from the total revenues, which include service revenue ($18,000). The positive net income indicates that the company generated a profit during the period.
The ending retained earnings for the year is $11,000. This value is calculated by adding the beginning retained earnings ($5,000) to the net income and subtracting any dividends paid ($1,000).
The total assets for the company at the end of the year amount to $29,000. This includes cash ($15,000), accounts receivable ($3,000), supplies ($1,000), equipment ($13,000), and common stock ($9,000).
Understanding financial statements and their components is crucial for assessing a company's performance.
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which method is least likely to be used in appraising a single family owner occupied residential property?
The method that is least likely to be used in appraising a single family owner occupied residential property is the income approach method.
What is an appraisal?An appraisal is an independent and unbiased assessment of a property's value.
An appraisal is typically performed by a licensed appraiser or a real estate appraiser and is used to determine the market value of a property for a variety of purposes, including financing, insurance, and taxation.
The three major methods used in appraising real estate are the market approach, the cost approach, and the income approach.
When it comes to single-family owner-occupied residential properties, the income approach method is least likely to be used because these types of properties are not typically used for income-generating purposes.
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What considerations influence the supplier strategy of an organization?
A. Contracts and agreements
B. Type of cooperation with suppliers
C. Corporate culture of the organization
D. Level of formality
The considerations that influence the supplier strategy of an organization include:
A. Contracts and agreements: The terms and conditions set in contracts and agreements with suppliers can have a significant impact on the supplier strategy.
B. Type of cooperation with suppliers: The level of collaboration and cooperation with suppliers can influence the supplier strategy. This includes aspects such as supplier development programs, joint planning, and sharing of information and resources.
C. Corporate culture of the organization: The organizational culture can influence the supplier strategy by emphasizing values such as innovation, sustainability, social responsibility, or cost-effectiveness.
D. Level of formality: The formality of the supplier strategy can vary depending on the organization's structure and industry. Some organizations may have formalized processes and frameworks for supplier evaluation, selection, and performance management, while others may have more flexible and informal approaches.
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Use the table below, which shows two farmers' productivities. Annual production if 100% of the time is spent on one good 2,000 apples or 60 tonnes of wheat Bruno Angela 4,000 apples or 100 tonnes of w
if Angela decides to produce one tonne of wheat instead of 4,000 apples, she will be giving up 40 apples.
The concept of opportunity cost is used to evaluate the allocation of resources between two possible choices. Opportunity cost is the value of the benefits foregone from choosing one option instead of another. It can be determined by comparing the benefits and costs of each option and selecting the choice with the highest net benefits.
In the given table, Bruno's opportunity cost of producing one tonne of wheat is 40 apples. This can be calculated by dividing the amount of wheat produced by the amount of apples produced when 100% of the time is spent on apples.
Opportunity cost for Bruno to produce 1 tonne of wheat = 2000/60 = 33.33 apples
Therefore, if Bruno decides to produce one tonne of wheat instead of 2,000 apples, he will be giving up 33.33 apples.
Similarly, Angela's opportunity cost of producing one tonne of wheat is 50 apples. This can be calculated by dividing the amount of wheat produced by the amount of apples produced when 100% of the time is spent on apples.
Opportunity cost for Angela to produce 1 tonne of wheat = 4000/100 = 40 apples
Therefore, if Angela decides to produce one tonne of wheat instead of 4,000 apples, she will be giving up 40 apples.
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Question 69 of 75. How does a taxpayer elect out of the special depreciation allowance? O Attach a statement to the return identifying the classes of property for which the taxpayer does not wish to claim the special allowance. O Complete Form 4562, Depreciation and Amortization, and include the property for which they do not wish to claim the allowance on line 19 or 20. O Special depreciation is mandatory for qualifying property. A taxpayer may not elect out.
By Completing Form 4562, Depreciation and Amortization, and include the property for which they do not wish to claim the allowance on line 19 or 20 can make a taxpayer elect out of the special depreciation allowance. Option B is the correct answer.
Enter the amount of special or "bonus" depreciation that was taken in the Prior Special Depreciation column if you used the special depreciation allowance the first year you put an item in operation. This sum is listed on the tax return from the prior year. Option B is the correct answer.
The first year a property depreciates using the MACRS approach is an additional allowance known as special depreciation. If you don't select the option to forego exceptional depreciation, this extra allowance will be computed automatically. According to the new tax legislation, the Special Depreciation for the majority of assets placed in operation after January 1, 2018, is 100% of the cost.
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The complete question is, "How does a taxpayer elect out of the special depreciation allowance?
A. Attach a statement to the return identifying the classes of property for which the taxpayer does not wish to claim the special allowance.
B. Complete Form 4562, Depreciation and Amortization, and include the property for which they do not wish to claim the allowance on line 19 or 20.
C. Special depreciation is mandatory for qualifying property. A taxpayer may not elect out.
D. Submit a completed Depreciation Worksheet, or equivalent document which identifies all property in the desired property classes as "not eligible for special depreciation."
The following equation characterizes a subset of an economy. 1. C=320+.95YD I = 50 G=75 T = 85 YD = Y-T The following equation characterizes another subset of the same economy. C=3560+.5YD I =50 G=75 T=85 YD=Y-T a) Verify (and show) that the equilibrium income is the same in each case. b) Draw a graph estimating subset I and II of the economy. Briefly describe leach: how are they different and why. Characterize those people in each subset in an economically meaningful way..(How are they meaningfully different). c). If you want to cause economic growth to occur, (and that is your only concern) who should the authorities aim a spending increase or tax cut? Why?
a) To find the equilibrium income in each case, we need to set aggregate demand (Y) equal to aggregate supply (YD).
For subset I:
Y = C + I + GY = (320 + 0.95YD) + 50 + 75Y = 320 + 0.95(Y - T) + 50 + 75Y = 320 + 0.95(Y - (Y - T)) + 125Y = 320 + 0.95(T) + 125Y = 445 + 0.95TFor subset II:
Y = C + I + GY = (3560 + 0.5YD) + 50 + 75Y = 3560 + 0.5(Y - T) + 50 + 75Y = 3560 + 0.5(Y - (Y - T)) + 125Y = 3560 + 0.5(T) + 125Y = 3685 + 0.5TAs we can see, the equilibrium income in each case is determined by the level of taxes (T). However, the equilibrium income is the same in both subsets, as it depends only on the level of taxes and not on the specific consumption function.
b) Since the equilibrium income is the same in both subsets, the graph for subset I and subset II would show the same equilibrium income level, but with different consumption functions.
Subset I: The consumption function is C = 320 + 0.95YD, indicating a higher marginal propensity to consume (0.95) compared to subset II. This suggests that individuals in subset I tend to spend a larger proportion of their disposable income.Subset II: The consumption function is C = 3560 + 0.5YD, indicating a lower marginal propensity to consume (0.5) compared to subset I. This suggests that individuals in subset II tend to save a larger proportion of their disposable income.c) To cause economic growth, the authorities should aim for a spending increase rather than a tax cut. This is because an increase in government spending (G) would directly contribute to aggregate demand (Y) and stimulate economic activity. On the other hand, a tax cut may lead to increased disposable income (YD) for individuals, but the impact on aggregate demand depends on their marginal propensity to consume. Given that subset I has a higher marginal propensity to consume (0.95) compared to subset II (0.5), a spending increase would have a more significant impact on aggregate demand and promote economic growth.
About EconomicIn general, economics has an understanding as a science that studies how humans fulfill their life needs by using available resources. All forms of business and human effort in meeting the needs of life in order to obtain life welfare.
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A bond has a face value of $1,000 and 10% coupon rate, its
current price is $940, and it is expected to increase to $980
next year.
(Enter your response rounded to one decimal place)
The current yield is 10.6 percent, rounded to one decimal place
A bond is a debt security that businesses and governments use to raise money. Bonds are also known as fixed-income securities because they produce a stable stream of income for investors. Bonds are basically loans given to a corporation, municipality, or government agency to fund its operations, and in exchange, the issuer promises to pay the bondholder a set rate of interest at regular intervals over the bond's life.
A coupon rate is the annual rate of return on a bond's principal, expressed as a percentage. The coupon rate is computed by dividing the total annual coupon payments by the face value of the bond.For instance, if a bond with a face value of $1,000 has an annual coupon payment of $100, the coupon rate is calculated by dividing $100 by $1,000, or 10%.
The face value of a bond is the amount of money a bond will be worth at maturity. This is the amount of money the issuer will pay the bondholder when the bond matures.What is the current price of a bond?The current price of a bond is the market value of a bond that is currently trading. The price of a bond is influenced by a number of factors, including the bond's coupon rate, its yield to maturity, and its credit rating.
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consumer federation of america. "credit card debt imposes huge costs on many college students." consumer federation of america. consumer federation of amer., 8 june 1999. web. 4 mar. 2001.
The statement suggests that credit card debt imposes significant costs on many college students. This is a common concern in personal finance, as college students may be more susceptible to accumulating credit card debt due to factors such as limited income, lack of financial literacy, and easy access to credit.
Credit card debt can lead to several negative consequences for college students. It can result in high-interest payments, which can become burdensome and make it difficult for students to manage their finances effectively. Additionally, excessive credit card debt can impact their credit scores, making it harder to secure loans or favorable interest rates in the future.
It's important to be aware of the potential risks associated with credit card debt and practice responsible borrowing habits. This includes using credit cards wisely, making timely payments, and keeping debt levels manageable.
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Ann wants to buy an office building which costs $1,000,000. She obtains a 30 year partially amortizing fixed rate mortgage at 100% LTV, an annual interest rate of 7%, with monthly compounding and monthly payments. The payment on the loan is $6,000 per month. Ann has a balloon payment due 5 years after she gets the loan. If Ann pays the required monthly payment for 5 years, how much is her balloon payment? A. $988,067.85 B. $1,000,000 C. $941,315.90 D. $864,988.05
A balloon payment is a large payment made at or near the end of a loan period, and Ann, in this case, has a balloon payment due after 5 years of acquiring the loan. Thus, the correct answer is C. $941,315.90.
A balloon payment is a large payment made at or near the end of a loan period, and Ann, in this case, has a balloon payment due after 5 years of acquiring the loan. To calculate the balloon payment, we need to determine the present value of the remaining loan balance after five years. We know the loan is partially amortizing, which means the loan principal will not be fully paid by the end of the loan term, so there will be a balance remaining.Let us begin with the calculation;The annual interest rate is 7%, and the loan term is 30 years. Hence, the monthly interest rate would be 0.07 / 12 = 0.00583. Using this monthly rate and the monthly payment of $6,000, we can calculate the original loan amount using the formula for present value of an annuity:$1,000,000 = $6,000 × [(1 - (1 + 0.00583)^-360) / 0.00583)]The original loan amount is $810,301.56. After five years, there would be 25 years left in the loan term. Using the present value formula again, but with 300 months as the number of periods and the interest rate adjusted for monthly compounding:$balance = $810,301.56 × (1 + 0.00583)^300 = $551,842.10The balance remaining after five years is $551,842.10. Therefore, Ann's balloon payment would be the difference between the remaining loan balance and the original loan amount:$balloon\ payment = $1,000,000 - $551,842.10 = $448,157.90Thus, the correct answer is C. $941,315.90.
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(Related to Checkpoint 9.2) (Yield to maturity) The market price is $1,150 for a 17-year bond ($1,000 par value) that pays 8 percent annual interest, but makes interest payments on a semiannual basis (4 percent semiannually). What is the bond's yield to maturity? The bond's yield to maturity is %. (Round to two decimal places.)
Calculate the marginal rate of substitution (MRS12) for the following utility function: U(91, 92) = 72√₁ +0.9(92)4 What is the value of MRS12 at bundle (6, 2)? Please round your final answer to two decimal places if necessary.
The value of MRS12 at bundle (6, 2) is 0.000035.
Given, U(91, 92) = 72√₁ + 0.9(92)^4, The marginal rate of substitution (MRS12) is the rate at which a consumer is ready to exchange one good for another good while maintaining the same level of utility. In general, the formula for MRS is, MRS12=∂U/∂X1∂U/∂X2. Here, the first derivative will be with respect to the first variable and the second derivative will be with respect to the second variable. Differentiate the utility function, U(91, 92) = 72√₁ + 0.9(92)^4, with respect to x1 and x2. Then substitute the given value in the MRS formula and calculate MRS.∂U/∂X1= 36/√₁∂U/∂X2= 3.24×10^5x1= 6 and x2= 2So,∂U/∂X1= 36/√₁= 36/√6∂U/∂X2= 3.24×10^5= 3.24×10^5MRS12=∂U/∂X1/∂U/∂X2= (36/√6)/(3.24×10^5)≈0.000035By substituting x1= 6 and x2= 2 in the given utility function, U(6, 2) = 72√6 + 0.9(2)^4= 283.17Therefore, the value of MRS12 at bundle (6, 2) is 0.000035.
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Discuss which strategic marketing assumptions and decisions led to Boo.com's inevitable failure? 2. Compare and contrast the marketing strategy of Boo.com with successful online travel and leisure retaller lastminute.com (also founded in 1998) and suggest what made the difference between success and failure. 3. Use the framework of the marketing mix to appraise the marketing tactics of Boo.com in the areas of Product, Pricing, Place, Promotion, Process, People and Physical evidence. 4. In many ways, the vision of Boo's founders were 'ideas before their time'. Give examples of e-retail techniques adopted by Boo to create an engaging online customer experience that are now commonplace.
Boo.com was an e-commerce business that was established in 1998 with the aim of selling designer clothing and accessories. However, Boo.com became insolvent after only six months of operation. The following are some of the strategic marketing assumptions and decisions that resulted in Boo.com's inevitable failure:Boo.com failed to understand its target audience Boo.com's target audience was young, affluent, and trendy.
The company failed to understand the requirements and preferences of its target audience. Boo.com's website was packed with flashy graphics, slow, and difficult to use, which resulted in the target audience being turned off. Additionally, the high prices of Boo.com's items were incompatible with the requirements of the target audience. Boo.com was ahead of its timeBoo.com was established during the dot-com boom, and the business adopted some of the latest internet technology of the time.
However, Boo.com was too advanced and went too far too quickly. The site was extremely innovative, but it lacked the basic features that were essential to make an e-commerce site usable.Boo.com's cost structure was unsustainableBoo.com's expenditures were far too high. The firm spent $135 million on the website's creation and promotion. The website took too long to develop and launch, and its production expenses were far too high.
Additionally, the firm had a vast number of staff, and its marketing and distribution expenses were unmanageable.Boo.com's pricing strategy was inappropriateBoo.com's pricing strategy was inappropriate for the target audience. The company's high prices, coupled with the difficulty in using the site, led to low conversion rates. Furthermore, the high costs and low conversion rates combined to make the business unprofitable compared to the competition.
Product Strategy:Boo.com's product strategy was to sell high-end designer clothing and accessories. The company failed to understand the requirements of its target audience, which ultimately led to its demise. lastminute.com's product strategy, on the other hand, was to offer affordable travel packages.
Price: Boo.com's pricing strategy was too high for its target audience. Place: Boo.com's online store was difficult to use, which turned off its target audience. Promotion: Boo.com's promotion strategy focused on attracting attention to the website rather than selling its products. Process: Boo.com's process was difficult to use, which discouraged customers from purchasing its products.
People: Boo.com's customer service was inadequate, and it failed to keep up with the requirements of its target audience. Physical Evidence: Boo.com's website's design was flashy and difficult to use, which turned off its target audience.Boo.com's e-retail strategies can be summarized as follows:Boo.com was ahead of its time, and its design was far too advanced for the era in which it was launched.
The company was able to develop a website that included innovative features such as 3D models and multilingual support, but it failed to provide the basic features that were necessary to make the site usable.Boo.com attempted to create an engaging online customer experience by using video, sound, and 3D models to bring products to life. This is now a common approach to e-commerce, but it was not the case in 1998.
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Based on the period 1926-2019, the actual real return on large-company stocks has been around: Can you please explain the answer. Thank you
Based on the period 1926-2019, the actual real return on large-company stocks has been around 7% to 8%.
Over the period of 1926-2019, the actual real return on large-company stocks, also known as the equity premium, has averaged around 7% to 8%. This means that after adjusting for inflation, the average annual return on large-company stocks has been in that range.
The actual real return on stocks is determined by various factors such as economic conditions, market performance, dividends, and price appreciation. Historical data spanning several decades provides insights into long-term trends and average returns. However, it's important to note that past performance does not guarantee future results, and stock market returns can vary significantly over shorter periods.
Investors and analysts use historical returns to assess investment performance and make projections, but it's crucial to consider other factors, such as diversification, risk tolerance, and individual financial goals, when making investment decisions.
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Which of the following is a correct statement?
A. achievement is an innate need
B. the last stage in the consumer buying process is purchase
C. where to buy something occurs in the alternative evaluation stage of the buying process
D. normative benefits influence consumer behavior
E. one family consumption trend is that wives are having more influence in purchases outside the home (e.g. a car)
The correct statement among the options provided is E) One family consumption trend is that wives are having more influence in purchases outside the home (e.g. a car). Option E
Family consumption trends have evolved over time, and studies have shown that there has been a shift in the dynamics of decision-making within households. Traditionally, husbands were often considered the primary decision-makers in major purchases, including cars.
This shift can be attributed to various factors, including changing gender roles, increased financial independence among women, and evolving societal norms. As women's roles and responsibilities expand beyond the domestic sphere, their influence in decision-making related to major purchases has increased.
This trend is also supported by research highlighting the importance of women as key influencers in household buying decisions across various product categories. Wives often play a significant role in gathering information, evaluating alternatives, and making final purchase decisions.
Understanding this trend is crucial for marketers and businesses. Recognizing the increasing influence of wives in purchasing decisions outside the home, particularly in significant purchases like cars, allows companies to tailor their marketing strategies and messages to resonate with this demographic. Option E
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what is the difference between absolute advantage and competitive advantage
Answer:
Absolute advantage refers to the uncontested superiority of a country or business to produce a particular good better. Comparative advantage introduces opportunity cost as a factor for analysis in choosing between different options for production diversification