A 45-year-old woman comes to a clinic with complaints of morning stiffness in her ankle joints, worse on rising in the morning and improving during the day. Her discomfort is responsive to aspirin. She has also been fatigued and weak. During the last week, she has noticed that her wrist and ankle joints on both sides of her body are also painful and swollen. Blood is drawn to test for rheumatoid factor and antinuclear antibody. Synovial fluid is aspirated and analyzed. Results from analysis of the synovial fluid rule out crystal deposition diseases, such as gout and pseudogout, and no infectious microorganisms are seen.

Required:
a. What can be the possible cause of a false-positive RF assay?
b. Do the patient's clinical symptoms and laboratory results support a diagnosis 5. If so, what diagnosis would be the first choice, and why?

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

In all the patients with rheumatoid arthritis RF is not present. It can also be witnessed in patients with conditions like hepatitis, bacterial endocarditis, and tuberculosis. Some of the reasons that can also produce false-positive results for RF assay are lipemic, hemolyzed, or heavily contaminated serum, other rheumatic diseases like systemic lupus erythematous, reading test results post the specified time of two minutes, and due to some of the chronic infectious diseases like hepatitis, tuberculosis, and syphilis.

b. The symptoms of the oatient like inflammation and pain in joints and the results of the lab indicate that the synovial fluid is drying and formation of crystal is taking place. These are the conditions that suggests the existence of rheumatoid arthritis.

c. In the given case, the first choice diagnosis would be the blood test that would show the presence of anti-CCP antibodies and the drying of synovial fluid. The presence of anti-CCP antibodies results in wear and tear in the joints, thus showing the diseased conditions.


Related Questions

Calculate the volume occupied
at s.t.p by 6.89
gas [H = 10, N = 14​

Answers

Answer:

9.07 L

Explanation:

Calculate the volume occupied at s.t.p by 6.89 g of NH₃ gas [H = 1.0, N = 14.0​].

Step 1: Given and required data

Mass of NH₃ (m): 6.89 gMolar mass of NH₃ (M): 17.0 g/mol

Step 2: Calculate the moles (n) of NH₃

We will use the following epxression.

n = m / M

n = 6.89 g / (17.0 g/mol) = 0.405 mol

Step 3: Calculate the volume occupied by 0.405 moles of NH₃ at STP

At STP, 1 mole of NH₃ occupies 22.4 L (assuming ideal behavior).

0.405 mol × 22.4 L/1 mol = 9.07 L

. Suppose an infrared photon with a wavelength of 853 nm were combined with another infrared photon with a wavelength of 865 nm, what would be the wavelength of the new 'combined' photon, in nm

Answers

Answer:

Explanation:

Given the data in the question;

wavelength λ₁ = 853 nm = 853 × 10⁻⁹ m

wavelength λ₂ = 865 nm = 865 × 10⁻⁹ m

we determine the energy of each photons using the following expression;

[tex]E_{photon[/tex] = hc / λ

where h is Planck's constant ( 6.626 × 10⁻³⁴ J.s )

c is speed of light ( 3 × 10⁸ m/s )

For Photon with wavelength λ₁ = 853 × 10⁻⁹ m

[tex]E_{photon1[/tex] = hc / λ

we substitute

= ( ( 6.626 × 10⁻³⁴ J.s )( 3 × 10⁸ m/s ) ) / (853 × 10⁻⁹ m)

= 1.9878 × 10⁻²⁵ / 853 × 10⁻⁹

= 2.33 × 10⁻¹⁹ J

For Photon with wavelength  λ₂ = 865 × 10⁻⁹ m

[tex]E_{photon2[/tex] = ( ( 6.626 × 10⁻³⁴ J.s )( 3 × 10⁸ m/s ) ) / (865 × 10⁻⁹ m)

= 1.9878 × 10⁻²⁵ / 865 × 10⁻⁹

= 2.298 × 10⁻¹⁹ J

We know that; energy of the combined photon will be equal to the sum of energies of the two photons.

so

Energy of the combined photon = [tex]E_{photon1[/tex] + [tex]E_{photon2[/tex]

[tex]E_{combined[/tex] = 2.33 × 10⁻¹⁹ J + 2.298 × 10⁻¹⁹ J

[tex]E_{combined[/tex]  = 4.628 × 10⁻¹⁹ J

so wavelength of the new combined photon will be;

[tex]E_{combined[/tex] = hc / λ[tex]_{combined[/tex]

[tex]E_{combined[/tex]λ[tex]_{combined[/tex] = hc

λ[tex]_{combined[/tex] = hc / [tex]E_{combined[/tex]

we substitute

λ[tex]_{combined[/tex] = ( ( 6.626 × 10⁻³⁴ J.s )( 3 × 10⁸ m/s ) ) / 4.628 × 10⁻¹⁹ J

= 1.9878 × 10⁻²⁵ / 4.628 × 10⁻¹⁹

= 4.2952 × 10⁻⁷ m

= ( 4.2952 × 10⁻⁷ × 10⁹ )nm

= 429.5 nm

Therefore, Wavelength of the new 'combined' photon is 429.5 nm


How many atoms in total are there in 7.35 mol of magnesium oxide (MgO)
molecules?

Answers

Answer:

4.42 x 10^24

Explanation:

help please hurry lots of points

Answers

I think ionic hope it helps

How many molecules are in 1.75 moles of Caco3?

1.75 molecules
3.440 x 1023 molecules
1.054 x 1024 molecules
O 2.907 x 10-24 molecules

Answers

Answer:

1.054 x 10²⁴ molecules

Explanation:

In order to convert moles of any given substance into a number of molecules, we need to use Avogadro's number, which states the number of molecules -or atoms, in the case of elements- present in one mol:

In one mol there are 6.023x10²³ molecules.

We now convert 1.75 moles into molecules:

1.75 mol * 6.023x10²³ molecules/mol = 1.05x10²⁴ molecules

Calculate the mass of 100.0 mL of a substance whose density is 19.32 kg/L. Express your answer in kilograms using the correct number of significant figures. Do not enter your answer using scientific notation.

Answers

Answer:

1.932 kg

Explanation:

First we convert 100.0 mL to L:

100.0 mL / 1000 = 0.1000 L

Then we calculate the mass of the substance, using the definition of density:

Density = mass / volumemass = density * volume19.32 kg/L * 0.1000 L = 1.932 kg

As the multiplication involves two numbers of 4 significant figures each, the answer needs to have 4 significants figures as well.

if irons temperature goes from 50c to 75c in a 20g sample, how many joules of heat were used?
A. 460
B. 690
C. 75,000
D. 230
E. 34,500
Please help I’ll mark Brainlyist!

Answers

Answer:

Option D. 230 J

Explanation:

We'll begin by calculating the temperature change of the iron. This can be obtained as follow:

Initial temperature (T₁) = 50 °C

Final temperature (T₂) = 75 °C

Change in temperature (ΔT) =?

ΔT = T₂ – T₁

ΔT = 75 – 50

ΔT = 25 °C

Thus, the temperature change of the iron is 25 °C.

Finally, we shall determine the amount of heat energy used. This can be obtained as follow:

Mass (M) = 20 g

Change in temperature (ΔT) = 25 °C

Specific heat capacity (C) = 0.46 J/gºC

Heat (Q) =?

Q = MCΔT

Q = 20 × 0.46 × 25

Q = 230 J

Thus, the amount of heat used was 230 J

an atom has atomic number 13 and atomic mass number of 24. Write electronic configuration using the Bohr's model​

Answers

Answer:

Explanation:

element is aluminium

shells              K            L              M             N

electrons        2             8             3

The mass of 1.63×10^21 silicon atoms

Answers

Answer:

I think it is 7.60 X 1

but if it's not srry

El osmio es un metal sólido que tiene una densidad
de 22 600 kg/m?, ¿qué volumen ocuparán 100 g de
este metal?

Answers

Answer:

4.42x10⁻⁶ m³

Explanation:

Primero convertimos 100 gramos a kilogramos:

100 g / 1000 = 0.100 kg

Ahora se puede calcular el volumen que ocuparán 0.100 kg de osmio, usando la densidad dada por el problema:

Densidad = masa / Volumen22600 kg/m³ = 0.100 kg / volumenvolumen = 4.42x10⁻⁶ m³

La respuesta es 4.42x10⁻⁶ m³.

Which organ produces the female hormone estrogen

Answers

Answer:

Ovary

Explanation:

ovaries produce the most estrogen in females.

i believe it’s the ovary

how many grams of NaCl are in 1.25 x 10^24 molecules of NaCl

Answers

Answer:

Mole = number of molecules divided by the avogadro's constant.

Molar mass of NaCI =23 + 35.5 =58.5g/mol

Mass= moles multipled by molar mass of NaCI

M

What is a definition for ergonomics?

Answers

the study of people's efficiency in their working environment.

whic process does not occur in the organelle illustrated above?​

Answers

Answer:

it isnt possible to answer this without you providing the "organelle illustrated above".

Explanation:

please provide the "organelle illustrated above".

suggest a likely pH for a reasonable concentrated solution of hydrogen atatide in water ​

Answers

Answer:

It can be said that a reasonable concentration of HAt in water would be 0

Explanation:Hydrogen astatide is a chemical compound with the chemical formula HAt, consisting of an astatine atom covalently bonded to a hydrogen atom.

This chemical compound can dissolve in water to form hydroastatic acid, which exhibits properties very similar to the other four binary acids, and is in fact the strongest among them. So we can safely say that a reasonable concentration of HAt in water would be 0. However, it is limited in use due to its ready decomposition into elemental hydrogen and astatine.

if every atom of an oxygen has 8 protons in its nucleus what is the atomic number of oxygen

Answers

The atomic number for oxygen is 8

Answer:

8

Explanation: # of protons = atomic #

1.
When 0.990g of Na3PO4.12H20 reacts with excess BaCl2.2H20 how many
moles of Ba3(PO4)2are produced?​

Answers

The balanced reaction is

(Na3PO4)12H2O + 9(BaCl2)2H2O → 6Ba3(PO4)2 + 36NaCl + 10H2O

molar mass of (Na3PO4)12H2O = 380 g/mol

given mass of (Na3PO4)12H2O = 0.990 g

moles of (Na3PO4)12H2O = given mass/molar mass

moles of (Na3PO4)12H2O = 0.990/380= 0.0026 mole

one mole of (Na3PO4)12H2O forms 6 mole of Ba3(PO4)2

0.0026 mole of (Na3PO4)12H2O forms 0.0026×6 =

0.0156 mole of Ba3(PO4)2

mass of 0.0156 moles of Ba3(PO4)2 is = 0.0156 × 601.9 g = 9.40 gram

Question 1 of 10
Which of the following is a nonrenewable energy source?
O A. Geothermal
O B. Petroleum
C. Solar
O D. Hydroelectric

Answers

The answer to you’re question would be “b. Petroleum”

Petroleum  is a nonrenewable energy source. Therefore, the correct option is option B.

What is nonrenewable energy source?

The sources of non-renewable energy will deplete or not be renewed within our lifetimes, or perhaps within many, many lifetimes. Coal, oil, and natural gas are the main fossil fuels used as non-renewable energy sources. The primary component of fossil fuels is carbon.

The formation of fossil fuels, which took place between 360 and 300 million years ago, is referred to as the Carboniferous Era for this reason. The formation of all fossil fuels was identical. Prior to the dinosaurs, Earth used to have a different terrain thousands of thousands of years ago. It was entirely covered in swampy forests and broad, shallow oceans. Petroleum  is a nonrenewable energy source.

Therefore, the correct option is option B.

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Climate models show that human climate forcing is causing the loss of mountain and tidewater glaciers. Briefly explain why glaciers are an important aspect of human survival.

Answers

Answer:

A glacier is a large mass of snow and ice that has accumulated over many years and is present year-round. In the United States, glaciers can be found in the Rocky Mountains, the Sierra Nevada, the Cascades, and throughout Alaska. A glacier flows naturally like a river, only much more slowly. At higher elevations, glaciers accumulate snow, which eventually becomes compressed into ice. At lower elevations, the “river” of ice naturally loses mass because of melting and ice breaking off and floating away (iceberg calving) if the glacier ends in a lake or the ocean. When melting and calving are exactly balanced by new snow accumulation, a glacier is in equilibrium and its mass will neither increase nor decrease.

In many areas, glaciers provide communities and ecosystems with a reliable source of streamflow and drinking water, particularly in times of extended drought and late in the summer, when seasonal snowpack has melted away. Freshwater runoff from glaciers also influences ocean ecosystems. Glaciers are important as an indicator of climate change because physical changes in glaciers whether they are growing or shrinking, advancing or receding provide visible evidence of changes in temperature and precipitation. If glaciers lose more ice than they can accumulate through new snowfall, they ultimately add more water to the oceans, leading to a rise in sea level (see the Sea Level indicator). The same kinds of changes occur on a much larger scale within the giant ice sheets that cover Greenland and Antarctica, potentially leading to even bigger implications for sea level. Small glaciers tend to respond more quickly to climate change than the giant ice sheets. Altogether, the world’s small glaciers are adding roughly the same amount of water to the oceans per year as the ice sheets of Greenland and Antarctica combined. During the last two decades, they added more water overall to the oceans than the ice sheets did.

Explanation:

please give this answer as brainliest answer

Because they offer a variety of essential functions, including as controlling river flows and water supply, safeguarding coastal areas from floods, and preserving biodiversity, glaciers are a crucial component of human survival.

What is the source of the freshwater ?

First, many people throughout the world rely heavily on glaciers as a supply of freshwater. When glaciers melt, they release water that has been stored and is subsequently utilised for agriculture, drinking water, and other things.

In dry areas with limited access to other freshwater sources, this water is very crucial. As a natural reservoir, glaciers may also hold a lot of water during the winter and release it gradually throughout the summer. This helps to control river flows and avoid flooding.

Second, glaciers contribute significantly to the global climate.system of climate. Large volumes of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases are released as glaciers melt, which can contribute to global warming. Glaciers may also reflect sunlight, which aids in cooling the surroundings around them.

High-altitude places, where glaciers can help regulate temperatures and avert catastrophic weather occurrences, are particularly crucial for this cooling impact. Last but not least, glaciers are crucial for the preservation of biodiversity. Numerous types of plants, animals, and microorganisms find a special niche in glaciers. These species may be disrupted by glacier melting, which might result in the extinction of entire ecosystems. The environment and the communities who rely on it may be significantly impacted by this.

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Josh decided his glass of iced tea needed to be sweeter. He found two types of sugar he could use in the kitchen. There was a bowl of loose crystals of sugar and a bowl of sugar cubes. Which one will dissolve faster in the iced tea

Answers

Answer:

Therefore, it can be said that sugar molecules whether in crystal or cube form do not dissolve in ice tea.

Explanation:

Sugar molecules easily dissolve in warm or hot tea. However, in iced tea sugar does not dissolve it does not matter whether you use sugar cubes or sugar crystals.

This happens because of the entropy. The entropy of warm water is high as it has fast-moving molecules, whereas the entropy of ice water is negligible. hence, sugar molecules do not dissolve in ice tea.

Therefore, it can be said that sugar molecules whether in crystal or cube form do not dissolve in ice tea.

Which part of the atom does gamma radiation depend on?
nucleus
protons
energy levels
electrons

Answers

Answer:Gamma radiation is the product of radioactive atoms. Depending upon the ratio of neutrons to protons within its nucleus, an isotope of a particular element may be stable or unstable.

pls mark me the brainliest

A chlorine atom becomes stable by having 8 valence electrons by
A losing one electron
B gaining one electron
C gaining 3 electrons
D losing seven electrons

Answers

I believe the answer is A

A 30.141 mg sample of a chemical known to contain only carbon, hydrogen, sulfur, and oxygen is put into a combustion analysis apparatus, yielding 53.694 mg of carbon dioxide and 21.980 mg of water. In another experiment, 30.199 mg of the compound is reacted with excess oxygen to produce 13.05 mg of sulfur dioxide. Add subscripts to the formula provided to correctly identify the empirical formula of this compound. Do not change the order of the elements empirical formula: CHSO

Answers

Answer:

The empirical formula of the chemical compound is C₆H₁₂SO₂

Explanation:

To determine the empirical formula, the mass of each element in the compound is first determined from their respective compounds formed after combustion analysis.

Mass of element = mass of compound × molar mass of element / molar mass of compound

Carbon: 53.694 g x (12g/mol / 44.0 g/mol) = 14.643 mg of C in 30.141 mg sample Hydrogen: 21.980 mg x ( 2.00 / 18.00) = 2.442 mg of H in 30.141 mg sample

Sulfur: 13.05 mg x (32.00/ 64.00) = 6.525 mg of S in 30.199 mg in sample

The percentage mass composition of the elements in the compound is then determined:

Carbon: 14.643 mg / 30.141 mg = 48.58%

Hydrogen: 2.442 mg / 30.141 mg = 8.10%

Sulfur: 6.525 mg / 30.199 mg = 21.60 %

Oxygen: 100% - (48.58% + 8.10% +21.60%) = 21.72%

Number of moles of each element is then determined:

Number of moles = percentage mass/molar mass

Carbon: 48.58/12 = 4.07

Hydrogen: 8.10/1 = 8.10

Sulfur: 21.60/32 = 0.68

Oxygen: 21.72/16 = 1.36

Dividing with the smallest amount to obtain a whole number mole ratio

Carbon: 4.07 ÷ 0.68 = 6

Hydrogen: 8.10 ÷ 0.68 = 12

Sulfur: 0.68 ÷ 0.68 = 1

Oxygen: 1.36 ÷ 0.68 = 2

Therefore, the empirical formula of the chemical compound is C₆H₁₂SO₂

Calculate the mass of 0.8 mol of KOH​

Answers

Answer:

44.8g

Explanation:

molar mass of k= 39, O= 16, H= 1

molecular mass of KOH= 56g/mol

N=m/Mm

0.8=m/56

m= 0.8×56

m= 44.8g

Mass is "a measure of the amount of matter that an object contains".

What is matter?

Matter is "any substance that has mass and takes up space by having volume".

The formula to calculate the molar mass is M = m/n

where M is molar mass

           m is mass of substance in grams

           n is no. of moles of a substance.

The molecular mass of KOH is 56.105 g/mol

molar mass of K= 39, O= 16, H= 1

M = m/n

 0.8 = m/56.105

    m = 0.8 x 56.105

     m  = 44.8g

Hence, the mass of 0.8 mol of KOH is 44.8g

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Tris has a molecular weight of 121 g/mol. How many grams of Tris would you need to make 100 mL of a 100 mM solution of Tris

Answers

Answer:

1.21 g of Tris

Explanation:

Our solution if made of a solute named Tris

Molecular weight of Tris is 121 g/mol

[Tris] = 100 mM

This is the concentration of solution:

(100 mmoles of Tris in 1 mL of solution) . 1000

Notice that mM = M . 1000  We convert from mM to M

100 mM . 1 M / 1000 mM = 0.1 M

M = molarity (moles of solute in 1 L of solution, or mmoles of solute in 1 mL of solution). Let's determine the mmoles of Tris

0.1 M = mmoles of Tris / 100 mL

mmoles of Tris = 100 mL . 0.1 M → 10 mmoles

We convert mmoles to moles → 10 mmol . 1mol / 1000mmoles = 0.010 mol

And now we determine the mass of solute, by molecular weight

0.010 mol . 121 g /mol = 1.21 g

How many moles of Aluminum are in 54.0 grams of Aluminum (Al)

Answers

Answer:

2 moles!

Explanation:

Hi i hope this helped! I researched it and 2 moles was what came up first.

5. There is no water cycle where it is cold.
O true
O false

Answers

Answer:

False

Explanation:

There is a water cycle wherever there is water. If it is cold, the water cycle will just be very slow.

A car starts out when the air temperature is 298 K and the absolute (total) air pressure in the tires is 500 kPa. After driving a while, the temperature of the air in the tires increases to 315 K. What is the pressure in the tires at that point, assuming their volume does not change

Answers

Answer: The pressure in the tires at that point is 528.52 kPa.

Explanation:

Given: [tex]T_{1}[/tex] = 500 K,          [tex]P_{1}[/tex] = 500 kPa

[tex]T_{2}[/tex] = 315 K,              [tex]P_{2}[/tex] = ?

According to Gay-Lussac's law, at constant volume the pressure of a gas is directly proportional to temperature.

Formula used to calculate the pressure is as follows.

[tex]\frac{P_{1}}{T_{1}} = \frac{P_{2}}{T_{2}}[/tex]

Substitute the values into above formula as follows.

[tex]\frac{P_{1}}{T_{1}} = \frac{P_{2}}{T_{2}}\\\frac{500 kPa}{298 K} = \frac{P_{2}}{315 K}\\P_{2} = 528.52 kPa[/tex]

Thus, we can conclude that the pressure in the tires at that point is 528.52 kPa.

a student adds 0.5 moles of solute to enough water to form 500 ml of solution what is the concentration of the solution he made

Answers

Answer: The concentration of solution made by the student is 1 M.

Explanation:

Molarity is defined as the amount of solute expressed in the number of moles present per liter of solution. The units of molarity are mol/L.

The formula used to calculate molarity:

[tex]\text{Molarity of solution}=\frac{\text{Number of moles of solute}\times 1000}{\text{Volume of solution (mL)}}[/tex]       .....(1)

Given values:

Moles of solute = 0.5 moles

Volume of solution = 500 mL

Plugging values in equation 1:

[tex]\text{Molarity of solution}=\frac{0.5\times 1000}{500}\\\\\text{Molarity of solution}=1M[/tex]

Hence, the concentration of solution made by the student is 1 M.

Which of the following describes a spectrum?
A. A measurement of the energy associated with an electron
transition
B. A piece of glass that causes light to be divided into different
colors
C. A range of wavelengths or frequencies of electromagnetic
radiation
D. A list of the quantum numbers assigned to a particular electron

Answers

Answer: The Answer would be C

Explanation: A spectrum is a Range of Wavelengths and Frequencies of Electromagnetic Radition.

The statement that describe spectrum is a range of wavelengths or frequencies of electromagnetic radiation.

What is Spectrum?

Spectrum arrangement or electromagnetic radiations base on their wavelength and frequency which can be visible light, ultraviolet, and infrared light. An instrument that is use for visual observation of spectra is called a spectroscope.

Therefore, The statement that describe spectrum is a range of wavelengths or frequencies of electromagnetic

radiation.

Learn more about spectrum from the link below.

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