The initial velocity of the car with the mass of 3000kg before the inelastic collision is 1.347m/s.
What is Collision?For two objects, the relative speed between them equals the change in distance between them divided by the change in time.
In an inelastic collision, the momentum of the bodies remain constant even after collision. This works on the principle of conservation of momentum.
p = m.v
where, p = momentum of the body,
m = mass of the body,
v = velocity of the body
Here,
m₁. u₁ + m₂. u₂ = m₁. v₁ + m₂. v₂
Therefore, the velocity of 3000kg car (m₂) can be calculated by this formula:
m₁ = 2100 kg
u₁ = 10m/s
m₂ = 3000kg
u₂ = ?
v₁ = v₂ = 4.91 m/s
Therefore,
m₁. u₁ + m₂. u₂ = m₁. v₁ + m₂. v₂
(2100kg × 10) + (3000 × u₂) = (2100 × 4.91) + (3000 ×4.91)
21000 + 3000u₂ = 10,311 + 14730
3000u₂ = (10311+14730) - 21000
3000u₂ = 25041 - 21000
3000u₂ = 4041
u₂ = 4041/3000
u₂ = 1.347m/s
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electricity iii goals define the concept of obstacle determine how obstacles combine when in series and in parallel. expand model of electricity to include effects of obstacle size
A circuit is necessary for electricity to flow. The same materials can be used in multiple ways to create a complete circuit.
Diffraction is the interference or bending of waves via an aperture into the area that is geometrically in the shadow of the obstruction or aperture. Effectively, the wave's secondary source is the diffracting element or aperture. The term "diffraction" was created by Italian scientist Francesco Maria Grimaldi, who also made the first precise observations of the phenomena in 1660.
The Huygens-Fresnel principle, which views each point in a propagating wavefront as a collection of unique spherical wavelets, describes the diffraction phenomenon in classical physics. [3] As seen in the enclosed figure, the distinctive bending pattern is most obvious when a wave from a coherent source (like a laser) comes into contact with a slit or aperture that is roughly the same size as its wavelength.
A circuit is necessary for electricity to flow. The same materials can be used in multiple ways to create a complete circuit. Electric circuits of various types exhibit varying behavior (parallel and simple circuits) Light, heat, and music can all be produced with the use of electricity electrical conductors and insulators.
This results from the addition or interference of various wavefront points (or, alternatively, each wavelet) that follow pathways to the registering surface of varying lengths. Multiple, closely spaced apertures (like those in a diffraction grating) can produce a complicated pattern with different intensities.
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the speed of car increase if the car's
two charges have a force of 8 n between them when the distance between them is suddenly increased by a factor of 2. the new force will be _________ n
When the distance between them is suddenly increased by a factor of 2. the new electrostatic force will be 2 N.
We need to know about electrostatic force to solve this problem. The electrostatic force is a force caused by two charges separated at a distance. It can be determined as
F = k . Q1 . Q2 / r²
where F is force, k is coulomb's constant (9 x 10⁹ Nm²/C²), Q is charge and r is radius.
From the question above, we know that
F1 = 8 N
r1 = r m
r2 = 2r1 = 2r
For this question, we can apply the ratio of initial and final force
F1 / F2 = k . Q . Q / r1² / k . Q . Q / r2²
F1 / F2 = r2² / r1²
F1 / F2 = (2r)² / r²
F1 / F2 = 4r² / r²
F1 / F2 = 4
F2 = 1/4 . 8
F2 = 2 N
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the angular area of the entire sky is about 41,250 square degrees. how many pictures would the hst have to take with its camera to obtain a complete picture of the entire sky?
It will takes years of time to obtain a complete picture of the entire sky of angular area is about 41,250 square degrees.
Divide 41250 by 0.0036 , we will get 11458333 and 1/3 image. but to take image for all of the sky it will takes years of time.
An angular distance used to describe how big a sphere or circle seems from a certain point of view is known as the angular diameter, angular size, apparent diameter, or apparent size. It is known as the visual angle in the vision sciences and as the angular aperture in optics (of a lens).
The angular diameter may also be thought of as the angle that a camera or eye must spin around in order to view from one side of an apparent circle to the other. Humans are able to distinguish sizes of up to around 1 arcminute (about 0.017° or 0.0003 radians) with their unaided eyes.
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the acceleration due to gravity on the surface of a planet is four times as large as it is on the surface of earth. the mass density of the planet is known to be eight times that of earth. what is the radius of this planet in terms of earth's radius?
The radius of the planet is √2 times radius of earth or 1.414 times the radius of Earth.
What is gravitational force?
According to Newton's law of universal gravitation, every object in the universe attracts each other with a force that is directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.
F = GmM/R²
where;
G is universal gravitation constantm, M are the massesR is the distance between the objectsThe acceleration due to gravity on surface of Earth is given as;
g = GM/R²
G = gR²/M
For a planet whose acceleration due to gravity is 4 times of Earth and mass is 8 times of earth, the radius of the planet is calculated as;
(4gR_p²)/(8M) = (gR²)/(M)
where;'
R_p is the radius of the planet(4R_p²)/8 = R²
4R_p² = 8R²
R_p² = 8R²/4
R_p² = 2R²
R_p = √(2R²)
R_p = R√2
R_p = 1.414 (R)
Thus, the radius of the planet is root two times radius of earth or 1.414 times the radius of Earth.
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If a force of 10 newtons acts on an object and an additional force of 6 newtons acts in the same direction, what will be the net force on the object?.
Two forces 10N and 6N acts on an object in same direction , then the net force will be:
16N .
What is net force?The sum of all the forces acting on an object is defined as the net force. A mass can be accelerated by net force. Another force acts on a body at rest or in motion. When there are a large number of forces in a system, the net force is used.When a body is in motion, many forces act on it, including gravitational force Fg, frictional force Ff, and the normal force. As a result, the net force formula is given by Fa + Fg + Ff + FN = FNet.When two forces act in the same direction on an object, the net force equals the sum of the two forces.So here net force : F= F1 + F2.
Here,
F1 = 6 N
F2 = 10 N
F = 6N + 10N
F = 16N
∴ Net force = 16N .
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How can manipulation of a model be done
A model can be altered in a number of ways, by importing a database, combining information, or erasing data.
The term "scientific manipulation" in behavior analysis describes the methodical organization of a variable under research in order to enable the objective analysis of the effects of the variable presence or absence on some other measurable behavior.
To manipulate data, build a database with information from many sources, clean and rearrange the content of the database, combine and remove redundant information, and then do an analysis to uncover important information.
Understanding your needs and goals, utilizing automation tools, filtering your data, and researching various manipulation tools are some strategies for manipulating data.
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a boy is running north with a speed of 5 m/s on a large, horizontal frozen lake. the coefficient of friction (both kinetic and static) between his shoes and the ice is ?
The coefficient of friction between the boy's shoes and the ice is 0.65.
The coefficient of static friction for ice is 0.65, so this means that 65% of the force needed to move an object from one place to another must be applied in order to get it moving across the ice at all—once it starts moving, however, there will be a lot less work required because we have already accounted for the initial force required to start moving it.
This means that if we want our boy running north at 5 meters per second across this large, flat lake with no wind or waves or anything else going on that might cause him trouble (or even help him), he'll need 10 meters per second or more just to get started.
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why is chlorophyll green? why is chlorophyll green? it absorbs wavelengths in only the blue and red parts of the visible spectrum. it absorbs wavelengths only in the red portions of the spectrum (680-700 nm). it absorbs wavelengths only in the blue part of the visible spectrum (450-480 nm). it absorbs all wavelengths in the visible spectrum.
chlorophyll is green because It absorbs wavelength in only the blue and red parts of the visible spectrum
The pigment chlorophyll is what gives green plants their green color. A portion of the visible light spectrum is absorbed by chlorophyll. Chlorophyll is a pigment that absorbs visible light in the red (long wavelength) and blue (short wavelength) portions of the spectrum. The plant appears green because it reflects rather than absorbs green light.
The chloroplasts of plants contain chlorophyll. Plants have chlorophylls a and b, though there are other forms as well. Only one side chain's makeup distinguishes these two forms of chlorophyll from one another.
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a 77 kg man is riding on a 32 kg cart traveling at a speed of 3.8 m/s. he jumps off with zero horizontal speed relative to the ground. what is the resulting change in the cart's speed, including sign?
Answer:
See below
Explanation:
Using conservation of momentum:
Initial momentum = (77+32 kg)* 3.8 m/s = 414.2 kg m/s
Jumping off with zero speed relative to ground (I think this is what zero horizontal speed MEANS) means all of his momentum is given to the cart ( think about jumping off of a skateboard)
final momentum of the cart
mv = 414.2
v = 414.2/32 = 12.94 m/s for a + 9.13 m/s change
What is the frequency of light when the energy of a single photon is 2. 23 × 10-21 j?.
When a single photon has an energy of 2.23*10-21, light has a frequency of *E=hv 2.23 10-21 J = (6.626... 3.03 10-19 J (6.022*1023 photons).
A photon is a tiny energy packet of electromagnetic radiation, also referred to as a light quantum.
Given energy, what is a photon's frequency?A single photon's energy is determined by the equation E = h v, where E is its energy (measured in SI units of J), h is the Planck constant (6.626 x 10-34 J s), and is the frequency of the radiation (measured in SI units of s-1 or Hertz, Hz) (see figure below).E = h is the energy equation.In the formula, E stands for energy, h for Planck's constant (6.626 x 10 -34 J s), and v for frequency.Since frequency rises as energy falls, frequency and energy are related directly in the energy equation. Because h is a constant, this is conceivable. between frequency and energy since frequency and energy are inversely correlated. Because h is a constant, this is conceivable.To learn more about Photon frequency refer to:
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An electic bulb is rated 60W, 220V. Calculate the resistance of its filament when it is operating normally.
Answer:
Explanation:
We have to use the equation p = I^2 x R. But we do not have the current.
To work out the current, we look at what we have. We have the voltage and power, therefore we will use the equation P = IV and rearrange to find the current.
I = P/V
I = 60/220
I = 0.2727272727 or round it to 2 dp to get = 0.27
we now have to rearrange the first equation to find the resistance.
R = P/I^2
R = 60/0.2727272727^2
R = 806.6666665501
R = 807 ohms (3sig)
The resistance of the filament is 806.67 ohms.
Electrical power is defined as the rate at which electrical energy is transferred by an electric circuit. The SI unit of power is Watt, 1 joule per second ( 1J/S).
The formula of electrical power is
P = V^2/R
where,
P = power
V = volts
R = resistance
from the above formula
60 = 220x220/R
R = 220x220/60
R = 806.67
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If an object is at rest or stopped, what is its velocity, acceleration, or speed?
Answer:
Thus, even though the velocity of an object at rest must be zero, acceleration can clearly be non-zero for objects at rest. A particle that is thrown vertically upwards stops momentarily at the highest point of motion.
Answer:
Everything is zero. Because it's at rest.
Please select the best answer from the choices provided
Answer:
u got to provide all info in order to be answered
Explanation:
When electricity to an electromagnet is stopped, what happens to the strength of the magnet?.
When electricity to an electromagnet is stopped the magnetic strength of the magnet will be lost.
What is electromagnet and what happens to the strength of the magnet?An electromagnet is a device consisting of a core made up of magnetic material surrounded by a coil through which electric current can pass.So electricity is essential to the wire for the electromagnet to work in a proper manner.In the electromagnet the magnetic flux is varied , sometimes it is switched on and sometimes off.Inside the electromagnet moving charges create magnetic fields, when coil have the current passing through it. Hence the magnet will lose the magnetic strength when electricity to an electromagnet is stopped.To know more about electromagnet visit:
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Matt likes to get from the second floor of his house to the first floor by sliding
down the banister that is inclined at an angle of 30.0°to the horizontal. If Matt
has a mass of 50 kg and the coefficient of sliding friction between Matt and the
banister is 0.20, what is the force of friction impeding Martin's motion down the
banister?
The force of friction impeding Matt's motion is 49.05 N.
What is friction?
When two surfaces move relative to each other, friction between them turns kinetic energy into thermal energy (that is, it converts work to heat). As demonstrated by the utilisation of friction caused by rubbing pieces of wood together to start a fire, this feature can have severe repercussions. When motion with friction occurs, such as when a viscous fluid is churned, kinetic energy is transformed to thermal energy. Another significant effect of many types of friction is wear, which can lead to performance degradation or component damage. The science of tribology includes friction.
The force of friction impeding Matt's motion down the banister can be calculated using the equation:
Ff = μN
where μ is the coefficient of sliding friction and
N is the normal force.
The normal force can be calculated using the equation:
N = mg sinθ
where m is the mass of the object, g is the acceleration due to gravity, and θ is the angle of incline.
Plugging in the known values, we get:
Ff = μN
Ff = (0.20)(50 kg)(9.81 m/s2)(sin 30.0°)
Ff = 49.05 N
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at midday, solar energy strikes the earth with an intensity of about 1000. w/m2. what is the area of a solar collector that could collect 150 mj of energy in 1 h? this is roughly the energy content of 1 gallon of gasoline.
41.67 m² is the area of a solar collector that could collect 150 mj of energy in 1 h.
Power received per unit surface is the definition of intensity.
[tex]I=P/A=1kW/m2(1)[/tex]
Power is simply defined as the rate at which energy changes over time.
[tex]P=\Delta E/\Delta t(2)[/tex]
ΔE = 150 MJ
Δt = 1 hour = 3600 sec.
[tex]P=150 MJ/3600 s=41.67 kW(3)[/tex]
Replacing (3) in (1), and solving for Area, we get:
Area = 41.67 m²
The measurement that indicates the size of a region on a plane or curved surface is called area. Surface area refers to the area of an open surface or the border of a three-dimensional object, whereas the area of a plane region or plane area refers to the area of a form or planar lamina.
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There are several methods of extrasolar planet detection currently in use. Which properties of a planet does each method discover? sort the following methods into the appropriate categories.
The complete box as per methods of extrasolar planet detection
Diameter of the
Transit methodMass of the planet
Microlensing methodRadial velocity methodAstrometry methodThis is further explained below.
What are the methods of extrasolar planet detection?Generally, The techniques for finding planets beyond the solar system
Microlensing caused by gravitational forces occurs when a star that contains a planet moves in front of another star. This causes the light to bend in a peculiar manner.
The transit method takes into account the varying luminosities of the stars. When a planet passes in front of a star, the star's apparent brightness decreases, which provides information about the planet's radius or diameter.
The radial velocity method analyzes the Doppler shift of a star to determine whether the star is moving closer or farther away from us.
Method of astronomy that is based on variations in the positions of stars in the sky.
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You’re driving a car East on the 91 fwy for a total distance of 230 km. If it took you 2.3 hours to reach your destination, then what was your speed?
What was GIVEN?
Answer:
Explanation:
Given:
S = 230 km
t = 2.3 h
_________
V - ?
Speed:
V = S / t
V = 230 / 2.3 = 100 km/h
a current density of 4.50 10-13 a/m2 exists in the atmosphere at a location where the electric field is 133 v/m. calculate the electrical conductivity of the earth's atmosphere in this region.
This measurement demonstrates the conductivity of a certain material. When compared to rubber, which has poor electrical conductivity and high electrical resistance, metal, for instance, has high electrical conductivity and low electrical resistivity.
Electrical resistivity's physical opposite is electrical conductivity. This measurement demonstrates how well a certain material can conduct an electric current.
Rubber has a poor electrical conductivity and a high electrical resistivity, whereas metal has a high electrical conductivity and a low electrical resistance.
We are aware of the following thanks to the values that have been provided:
J = 6.00 10 13 A / m 2 and E = 100 V / m
The following equation provides the current density in terms of the electric field:
J = σ E
Here, E is the electric field, J is the current density, and is the electrical conductivity.
σ = J / E
The known values are then substituted.
σ = ( 6.00 × 10 − 13 A / m 2 ) / ( 100 V / m )
σ = ( 6.00 × 10 − 15 / m ) / ( 100 V )
The corresponding unit for V / A is.
Condense the units.
σ = 6.00 × 10 − 15 Ω − 1 m − 1.
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Object starts from rest. Dots are placed every second. What is the acceleration of the object?
The acceleration of the object is 4.48m/s².
From the graph we can see,
There are 5 dots placed over the line, it means that the object has moved for 5 seconds. The distance which the object has covered in 5 seconds is equal to about 56 meters.
As we know, the object is starting from rest, so the initial velocity is 0m/s.
Now, to find the acceleration a of the object, we can use the equations of motion.
So,
Using,
S = ut + 1/2at²
Where,
u is initial velocity,
S is the distance covered,
and t is the time period of motions of the object.
Putting all the values,
56 = 1/2a(5)²
(56 x 2)/25 = a
a = 4.48m/s²
Hence, the acceleration is 4.48m/s².
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a spotlight on the ground is shining on a wall away. if a woman 2m tall walks from the spotlight toward the building at a speed of 0.6 m/s how fast is the length of her shadow on the building decreasing when she is 2m from the building?
The answer is dy/dt is equal to -(20/7)(1/14)(0.6) = -0.12245 m/s.
The negative sign shows that the rate is falling as y gets shorter
.Woman Height/ Distance Light To Woman equals
Shadow Height/Distance Light To Wall.
explanation?
Think of a huge triangle with the origin as the spotlight, a base of 20, and the height of the shadow on the wall as y. Inside the larger triangle, a comparable triangle that is x meters from the spotlight and 2 meters
tall—the woman's height—can be seen.
Woman Height/ Distance Light To Woman equals
Shadow Height/Distance Light To Wall.
The shadow height is y. Let x be the distance from the woman to the light.
xy = 40 or y/20 = 2/x
Take both sides' derivative:
XDY + YDX = 0 based on the product rule.
Solve for the desired result, dy/dy:
dy/dt = -(y/x)dx/dt, where dx/dt = 0.6 m/s.
The woman is 20 - 6 meters from the light when she is 6 meters from the wall, which is 14 meters, or x.
Keep in mind that y/20 = 2/x = 2/14 --> y = 40/14 = 20/7 from the related triangles.
So, dy/dt is equal to -(20/7)(1/14)(0.6) = -0.12245 m/s.
The negative sign shows that the rate is falling as y gets shorter.
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the bottom profile normal to the shore off a section of the coast has the following average depths (in m) at the given segment distance lengths (in nautical miles): 2.7 m (3 n.m.), 3.8 m (7 n.m.), 4 m (10 n.m.), 11 m (20 n.m.), 12.2 m (30 n.m.), 15.5 m (40 n.m.), 27 m (50 n.m.), 48 m (60 n.m.), 73 m (70 n.m.), and 200 m (80 n.m.). there is a sustained wind blowing directly onshore at an average speed of 72 knots. calculate the wind-induced setup at the shore. note: to solve this problem you can assume a flat bottom in each segment (we covered this solution in class) and march your solution from offshore to onshore through each segment just like a simple computer storm surge model would. keep in mind that as you march your solution shoreward, the water level in each segment is influenced by the water level from the previous one.
Entering 20 35 4 is not a valid value. This is the same as 27.6 at 50 frames per second multiplied by nine.16 Two plus one thus. Why I visited the buying power. 10 60 x 10 to the power is equal to the required speed of 20.5 mph.
He had utilized equal to allow the power of 0.16 to take over. U. Cuban is equivalent to two. What 4.16 is used for. First late invitation. U. Cuban is equivalent to one. wherefore in light of part.16.
As a result, Cubans find it difficult to offer you what you desire. Why 2 30? Power 300.16. Why? I continued to solve it up to a power of 0.16. Why do I purchase one at a power of 10.16 30?
The third major issue. Do not enter the value 20 35 4. This is equal to 27.6 at 50 frames per second nine to the power.16
Part B. As a result, two equals one. Why I went to the power to buy.4. The needed speed of 20.5 mph is equivalent to 10 60 x 10 to the power.4.
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The question is in the picture please answer problem 8Thank you
According to the second law of Newton, the acceleration is directly proportional to the net force acting on the object:
[tex]F=m\cdot a[/tex]From this formula, we can also see that the acceleration is inversely proportional to the mass: For the same force, if the mass increases, the acceleration decreases.
Therefore the correct option is d.
Users in motion, wireless connectivity, and a cloud-based resource are the elements in a ________ system.
Users in motion, wireless connectivity, and a cloud-based resource are the elements in a mobile system.
Smartphones, tablets, 2-in-1 PCs, smart speakers, smart watches, and smart eyewear all use mobile operating systems. Because they were originally developed for desktop computers, which historically did not have or require specific mobile capability, the operating systems that are used on "mobile" machines, like ordinary laptops, are often not referred to as mobile operating systems.
The distinction between mobile and other forms has become more hazy recently as a result of current hardware becoming more compact and portable than earlier equipment. This distinction is being muddled by the introduction of tablet computers and lightweight laptops, two major advancements.
Mobile operating systems combine desktop operating system elements with additional functionality that is useful for handheld or mobile use. For telephony and data connectivity, these systems typically have a wireless integrated modem and SIM tray.
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Users in motion, wireless connectivity, and a cloud-based resource are the elements of a mobile system which is the operating system used to run mobile devices like smartphones, tablets, etc.
A mobile system is a computing system with mobile entities. These can be hardware or software. The system runs on a mobile operating system such as android and iOS which are the two major mobile operating systems among others. A mobile operating system (OS) allows smartphones, tablet PCs, and other devices to run applications and programs.
Because mobile systems help in the real-time execution of several applications these must use wireless forms of connectivity and a cloud-based resource and storage system. Also, the fact that users can be in motion should be kept in mind and hence these are important elements in a mobile system
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Two objects in a closed system collide. After the collision, one object has lost speed, but the other object has gained speed. Explain what has happened. A. Total momentum in a closed system is conserved. B. Gravitation potential energy converts to kinetic energy. C. Kinetic energy converts to gravitational potential energy. D. Mass is conserved
A. Total momentum in a closed system is conserved
the law of momentum conservation states that The total amount of momentum before the collision is the same as the total momentum after the collision. Regardless of the change of momentum of each object.
a mouse of mass 27.0 g falls 200 m down a vertical mine shaft and lands at the bottom with a speed of 8.1 m/s. during its fall, how much work (in j) is done on the mouse by air resistance?
Work is done on the mouse by air resistance 25.574 Joule.
Work is done every time a force moves something over a displacement. you can calculate the electricity transferred, or paintings done, by using multiplying the force via the gap moved in the course of the force. strength transferred = work achieved = pressure x distance moved within the direction of the pressure.
Work to be accomplished, a force must be exerted and there must be motion or displacement in the route of the pressure. The work done by way of a force appearing on an object is the same as the significance of the pressure accelerated by way of the space moved within the route of the force.
given,
mass = 27.0 g = 0.027 kg
Height H = 200 m
initial speed u = 0 m/s
final speed V = 8.1 m/s
force = mg
= 0.027 × 9.8
= 0.2646 N
1/2mu² + mgh = mgh + 1/2mv²
0 + 0.027×9.8 ×100 = 0 + 1/2×0.027× (8.1)² + air reesistance
initial energy = 26.46 J
final energy = 0.886 J
air resistance = 26.46 J - 0.886 J
= 25.574 Joule
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Consider a toy made out of a ball attached to a 7 inch string attached to a pole. the pole is motorized so that the ball at the end of the string moves in a circle clockwise around the pole. the stand is located on origin of an x and y axis and the speed of the ball is constant (22 in/s). find the magnitude and direction.
The ball swings around the pole while maintaining its angular momentum because its angular velocity rises with decreasing radius and mechanical energy falls.
Think about the board at the top of the circle and the speed the bull is traveling at. We converse, and the velocity is the same when the board is at the base of the circle. According to Newton's Second Lawyer Motion, we are aware of this. the overall force applied to an item that is equal to the acceleration of a mustang underneath the object.
Therefore, a minimum velocity is necessary. Keep the board rotating in a circle. If not, the ball will drop to the ground. Therefore, the ground national wait that is acting on the circular's top board.
Additionally, for the minimal velocity, the centripetal force pressing on the kid must be equal to the gravitational weight acting under effort. Additionally, centripetal force can be expressed as fc = M. The bull is at the top of the circle with the lowest velocity, so according to Newton's Second Law of Motion, M. G. must be equal to him.
From the beginning, we debated in a minimum square. Find the least velocity at the circle's top using that expression. Therefore, by rearranging, we can cancel em from both sides of the minimal square G. R., making it equal. taking the highway. The group of G. R. will have the lowest velocity.
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ASAP:You live on a part of Earth where the angle of the sun's rays are very high, and the latitude is low. Which temperatures do you experience quite often?'
be sure to answer all parts.an fm station broadcasts classical music at 94.5 mhz (megahertz, or 106 hz). find the wavelength (in m, nm, and å) of these radio waves.
Thus, the wavelength is 3.21 m when the frequency fm station broadcasts classical music is at 93.5 mHz.
A waveform signal's wavelength is defined as the separation between two identical points (adjacent crests) in adjacent cycles as the signal travels through space or along a wire. This length in wireless systems is typically expressed in metres (m), centimetres (cm), or millimetres (mm) (mm). It is more common to specify the wavelength in nanometers (nm), which are units of 10-9 m, or angstroms (), which are units of 10-10 m, for infrared (IR), visible light (VL), ultraviolet (UV), and gamma radiation ().
Frequency, or the quantity of wave cycles per second, is inversely related to wavelength. The wavelength of a signal decreases in length as its frequency increases. An electric field and a magnetic field vibrate together, producing an electromagnetic wave. A wavelength can be determined by dividing a wave's velocity by its frequency.
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