If the required reserve ratio is increased, the money supply will decrease. The correct answer is option A.
When the required reserve ratio is increased, it means that banks are required to hold a higher percentage of their deposits as reserves and can lend out less money. In this scenario, since all commercial banks are loaned up and the total deposits in the banking system remain unchanged at RM 200 million, an increase in the required reserve ratio will reduce the amount of money available for lending. This reduction in lending decreases the money supply in the economy, leading to a decrease in the overall money supply. Therefore, the correct answer is option A, the money supply will decrease.
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At the beginning of current year, Nilli company
purchased a coal mine for P30,000,000. Removable coal is estimated
at 1,500,000 tons. The entity is required to restore the land at an
estimated cost of
There should be P2,000,000,000 worth of depletion reflected in the cost of goods sold for the current year.
Allocating the cost of natural resources throughout the time that they are consumed or extracted is the process of depletion. We must figure out the price per tonne of coal extracted and multiply it by the number of tonnes sold in order to calculate depletion.
The coal mine will set you back P30,000,000. The net cost of the coal mine is P26,850,000 (P30,000,000 - P3,150,000) after subtracting the projected value of the land after restoration (P3,150). 1,500,000 tonnes of coal are removed in total.The net cost of the coal mine is divided by the total tonnes of removable coal to determine the depletion cost per tonne: P26,850,000 / 1,500,000 tonnes = P17.90 per tonne.Three hundred thousand tonnes were sold. Therefore, P17.90 per tonne multiplied by 300,000 tonnes, or P5,370,00, represents the depletion reported in the cost of goods sold for the current year.It's crucial to remember that the cost of items sold only accounts for a percentage of the depletion cost. On the balance sheet, the leftover amount is shown as an asset. The total amount of depletion reflected in the cost of goods sold is P17.90/ton * 450,000 tonnes = P8,055,000 because 450,000 tonnes were eliminated during the current year.
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Complete Question:
Earlier this year, Nilli Company paid P30,000,000.00 for the purchase of a coal mine. Estimated removal coal capacity is 1.5 million tonnes. The company is obligated to pay an estimated $3,600,000 for the land's restoration. The value of the land is projected to be P3,150,000 following repair. The organisation spent P7,500,000 developing the mine in order to get it ready for production. 300,000 tonnes were sold and 450,000 tonnes were removed during the current year. What total amount of depletion needs to be accounted for in the cost of goods sold this year?
At December 31, 2020, Crane Company has $580,000 of $100 par value, 5%, cumulative preferred stock outstanding and $2,090,000of $10 par value common stock issued. Crane’s net income for the year is $467,900.
Compute earnings per share of common stock for 2020 under the following independent situations.
Situation 1: EPS of common stock = $467,900 / weighted average number of common shares outstanding.
Situation 2: Deduct preferred stock dividends before calculating EPS.
To process income per share (EPS) of normal stock for 2020 under the given circumstances, we really want to consider the favored stock profits and the weighted typical number of normal offers extraordinary.
Circumstance 1: Favored stock profits are not pronounced or paid.
Since the favored stock is combined and no profits are pronounced or paid, the favored investors have no case on the income. Subsequently, the net gain of $467,900 is accessible to be assigned to the normal investors. To work out EPS, we partition the overall gain by the weighted normal number of normal offers remarkable.
Circumstance 2: Favored stock profits of $29,000 are proclaimed and paid.
For this situation, we want to deduct the favored stock profits from the overall gain prior to ascertaining EPS. The favored stock profits are determined as follows: $580,000 (favored stock remarkable) × 5% (favored stock profit rate) = $29,000.
Subsequent to deducting the favored stock profits from the net gain, we have $467,900 - $29,000 = $438,900 accessible to be apportioned to the normal investors. Once more, we partition this sum by the weighted normal number of normal offers remarkable to process EPS.
The weighted typical number of normal offers remarkable can be determined by taking the starting normal stock gave, adding any normal offers gave during the year, and adapting to any normal offers repurchased or resigned during the year. Without data on these exchanges, giving an exact calculation is preposterous.
In the two circumstances, the EPS of normal stock for 2020 still up in the air by partitioning the particular sum accessible for normal investors by the weighted normal number of normal offers exceptional.
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Shimmer Bath Products.Inc.(SBP) makes a variety of ceramic sinks and tubs.SBP has just developed a line of sinks and tubs made from a mixture of glass and ceramic. The sinks sell for $150 cach and have variable costs of $80.The tubs sell for $600 and have variable costs of $450 The glass and ceramic sinks and tubs require the use of specialized molding equipment The Specialized molding equipment has 4,050 hours of capacity per year.A sink uses 2 hours of Specialized molding equipment time;a tub uses 5 hours of specialized molding equipment time Assume that SBP can sell as many as 1.000 sinks and 500 tubs per year. Assuming SBP allocates the machine time to maximize operating income,how many tubs should SBPproduce? 0410 .500 O675 .810
SBP should produce 810 tubs to allocate machine time and maximize operating income.
To determine the number of tubs that SBP should produce to maximize operating income, we need to evaluate the profitability of each product based on the available machine time.
Let's calculate the contribution margin for each product first:
Contribution margin per sink = Selling price per sink - Variable cost per sink
Contribution margin per sink = $150 - $80 = $70
Contribution margin per tub = Selling price per tub - Variable cost per tub
Contribution margin per tub = $600 - $450 = $150
Next, let's calculate the number of sinks and tubs that can be produced within the available machine time:
Maximum number of sinks = 4,050 hours / 2 hours per sink = 2,025 sinks
Maximum number of tubs = 4,050 hours / 5 hours per tub = 810 tubs
Now, we compare the contribution margin per unit for each product:
Contribution margin per sink = $70
Contribution margin per tub = $150
Since the contribution margin per tub is higher, SBP should produce as many tubs as possible to maximize operating income. However, the maximum number of tubs that can be produced is 810.
Therefore, SBP should produce 810 tubs to allocate machine time and maximize operating income.
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The Fed is considering two alternative monetary policies: holding the money supply constant and letting the interest rate adjust, or adjusting the money supply to hold the inter- est rate constant. In the IS-LM model, which policy will better stabilize output under the following conditions? a. All shocks to the economy arise from exoge- nous changes in the demand for goods and services. b. All shocks to the economy arise from exoge- nous changes in the demand for money.
In the IS-LM model, the impact of monetary policy on output depends on the source of shocks to the economy. Let's analyze the two conditions separately:
a. All shocks to the economy arise from exogenous changes in the demand for goods and services:
In this case, if the shocks to the economy come from changes in the demand for goods and services, it implies that the shocks affect the IS curve. To stabilise output, the Fed should modify the money supply to keep interest rates steady. By adjusting the money supply, the LM curve shifts to counteract the shocks and stabilize output. Therefore, in this condition, adjusting the money supply to hold the interest rate constant would be the better policy to stabilize output.
b. All shocks to the economy arise from exogenous changes in the demand for money:
If the shocks to the economy are caused by changes in money demand, it follows that the shocks influence the LM curve. In this case, holding the money supply constant and letting the interest rate adjust would be the better policy to stabilize output. By allowing the interest rate to adjust, the LM curve can shift to accommodate the changes in money demand and stabilize output.
In summary, under condition (a), adjusting the money supply to hold the interest rate constant would better stabilize output. Under condition (b), holding the money supply constant and letting the interest rate adjust would be the preferable policy.
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Not yet Use the following table to answer the question about taxes, where Pb = Price buyers pay, Ps= Price sellers receive, and QE = equilibrium quantity. Table With Tax No Tax $15.00 Pb $14 $13.00 Ps
The price that buyers pay (Pb) will increase to $15.60, while the price that sellers receive (Ps) will decrease to $12.40, with a reduction in the quantity exchanged to 250 units as a result of the imposition of a tax of $1.00 per unit, according to the tax table given.
The imposition of taxes on goods and services is a common policy tool used by governments to raise revenue. Taxes are levied on a per-unit basis and are paid by consumers. However, taxes are levied on suppliers, and the tax rate varies depending on the product. Because of the greater elasticity of supply than demand, taxes on the producer lead to less of a reduction in the quantity exchanged and a higher incidence on the consumers. Taxes on consumption, on the other hand, result in a greater reduction in the quantity exchanged and a greater incidence on the consumers.
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If a self-employed individual uses the standard mileage rate method for the year in which an automobile is acquired, may the actual expense method be used in a subsequent year? If so, what restrictions are imposed (if any) on depreciation methods? What adjustments to basis are required?
A.The actual expense method may be used in subsequent years. However, MACRS under the regular method must be used for computing depreciation and the basis of the automobile must be reduced by 26 cents per mile in 2021.
B.The actual expense method may be used in subsequent years for self-employed individuals. However, MACRS under the regular method may not be used for computing depreciation(straight-line method is required) and the basis of the automobile must be reduced by 26 cents per mile in 2021.
C.The actual expense method may be used in subsequent years without restrictions on the depreciation methods. The basis of the automobile must be reduced by 26 cents per mile in 2021.
D. The actual expense method may not be used in subsequent years; once the standard mileage rate method is selected, it has to be used for the life of the automobile.
If a self-employed individual uses the standard mileage rate method for the year in which an automobile is acquired, the actual expense method can be used in subsequent years. The restriction imposed on depreciation methods is that MACRS under the regular method must be used for computing depreciation.
And the basis of the automobile must be reduced by 26 cents per mile in 2021.Most self-employed people need to use a car or truck for business purposes, whether to see customers or clients, pick up supplies, or make deliveries. It is necessary to know how to deduct vehicle expenses on their tax return.
The IRS provides two methods for claiming car expenses - using the standard mileage rate or the actual expense method. With the standard mileage rate method, self-employed individuals take a standard amount of 56 cents per mile driven in 2021 for business purposes.
Under the actual expense method, the self-employed individual can claim the total cost of driving the vehicle for business purposes, including gas, maintenance, insurance, and repairs, among other expenses. The depreciation of the car can be deducted under both methods in different ways.
The IRS allows self-employed individuals to switch between the two methods, but it is essential to understand the restrictions imposed on depreciation methods.
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My Home If $853,000 of 6% bonds are issued at 103, what is the amount of cash received from the sale? $853,000 $904,180 $801,820 $878,590
The amount of cash received from the sale of bonds will be D. $878,590. OptionD is correct.
To calculate the amount of cash received from the sale of bonds, we need to multiply the face value of the bonds by the issue price percentage.
The Face value of the bonds: $853,000
Issue price percentage: 103% or 1.03
Cash received from the sale = Face value of bonds × Issue price percentage
Cash received from the sale = $853,000 × 1.03
Cash received from the sale = $878,590
Therefore, the amount of cash received from the sale of bonds will be D. $878,590. OptionD is correct.
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The complete question is:
If $853,000 of 6% bonds are issued at 103, what is the amount of cash received from the sale?
A.$853,000
B.$904,180
C.$801,820
D.$878.590
Examples of unethical leadership?
What does Cooperativeness mean?
What does Assertiveness mean?
Leadership can be defined as?
What does change leadership mean?
Examples of unethical leadership include: Fraudulent behavior, Abuse of power, Lack of transparency, Discrimination, Unfair treatment, Nepotism, Toxic culture, Breach of trust, Exploitations.
Cooperativeness refers to the willingness and ability to work well with others, collaborate, and contribute to a shared goal. It involves being supportive, open-minded, and actively engaging in teamwork. Cooperative individuals value relationships, communicate effectively, and are committed to finding mutually beneficial solutions.
Assertiveness is the ability to express oneself confidently, directly, and respectfully while standing up for one's rights and needs. It involves being clear, firm, and proactive in communication, setting boundaries, and advocating for oneself and others. Assertive individuals can express their opinions and desires while considering the perspectives of others.
Leadership can be defined as the ability to influence and guide a group of individuals towards a common vision or goal. It involves providing direction, inspiring and motivating others, making sound decisions, and taking responsibility for the outcomes. Leadership encompasses a wide range of skills, including effective communication, strategic thinking, empathy, and the ability to foster collaboration and personal growth in others.
Change leadership refers to the ability to lead and manage organizational change effectively. It involves guiding individuals and teams through transitions, overcoming resistance to change, and facilitating the adoption of new processes, strategies, or technologies. Change leaders need to be adaptable, visionary, and capable of motivating and inspiring others to embrace and navigate change successfully. They must also possess strong communication skills, empathy, and the ability to manage conflicts and uncertainties that may arise during the change process.
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Suppose that the consensus forecast of security analysts of Pegasus Inc. is that earnings next year will be E₁ = $12.00 per share. The company tends to plow back 30% of its earnings and pay the rest as dividends. The CFO estimates that the company's growth rate will be 8% from now on.
(a) If your estimate of the company's required rate of return is 10%, what is the equilibrium price of the stock?
(b) You observe that the stock is selling for $350.00 per share. Suppose you believe that the market price is right. What must you conclude about either (i) your estimate of the stock's required rate of return, (ii) the CFO's estimate of the company's future growth rate, or (iii) the forecast of earnings from the analysts?
(c) Suppose there is uncertainty about the stock's growth rate. With 30% probability the growth rate will be 9% and with 70% probability the growth rate will be 4%. What are the respective market values under the two different rates of return?
(d) What is the fair price of the stock given the probabilities previously listed?
The fair price of the stock, considering the probabilities, is $350.00 per share, which is the observed market price.
How to solve for the fair price of the stock(a) To calculate the equilibrium price of the stock, we can use the Gordon Growth Model:
Equilibrium Price = (E₁ * (1 - Payout Ratio)) / (Required Rate of Return - Growth Rate)
Given:
E₁ = $12.00 per share
Payout Ratio = 1 - 0.30 (plowback rate of 30%) = 0.70
Required Rate of Return = 10%
Growth Rate = 8%
Equilibrium Price = ($12.00 * 0.70) / (0.10 - 0.08)
Equilibrium Price = $8.40 / 0.02
Equilibrium Price = $420.00
Therefore, the equilibrium price of the stock is $420.00 per share.
(b) If the stock is selling for $350.00 per share and you believe the market price is right, it suggests that the stock is undervalued. This implies one of the following possibilities:
(i) Your estimate of the stock's required rate of return is lower than 10%.
(ii) The CFO's estimate of the company's future growth rate is lower than 8%.
(iii) The forecast of earnings from the analysts is higher than $12.00 per share.
(c) With a 30% probability of a growth rate of 9% and a 70% probability of a growth rate of 4%, we can calculate the respective market values under the two different rates of return.
For a growth rate of 9%:
Market Value = (E₁ * (1 - Payout Ratio)) / (Required Rate of Return - Growth Rate)
Market Value = ($12.00 * 0.70) / (0.10 - 0.09)
Market Value = $8.40 / 0.01
Market Value = $840.00
For a growth rate of 4%:
Market Value = (E₁ * (1 - Payout Ratio)) / (Required Rate of Return - Growth Rate)
Market Value = ($12.00 * 0.70) / (0.10 - 0.04)
Market Value = $8.40 / 0.06
Market Value = $140.00
Therefore, the respective market values under the two different rates of return are $840.00 and $140.00.
(d) To calculate the fair price of the stock given the probabilities, we can calculate the weighted average of the market values:
Fair Price = (Probability of 9% growth rate * Market Value at 9%) + (Probability of 4% growth rate * Market Value at 4%)
Fair Price = (0.30 * $840.00) + (0.70 * $140.00)
Fair Price = $252.00 + $98.00
Fair Price = $350.00
Therefore, the fair price of the stock, considering the probabilities, is $350.00 per share, which is the observed market price.
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How far do most developers push their databases in normalization?
O to the first normal form
O to the second normal form
O to the third normal form
O to the fourth normal form
Answer:
c
Explanation:
(1) Explain some of the key differences between standard deviation and beta. (2) marks) (2) Consider the following information about Stocks A and B: State of Economy Boom Normal Recession Probability
Standard deviation measures the variability of individual stock returns, while beta measures the sensitivity of stock returns to market movements.
What is standard deviation? What is beta?Standard deviation is a statistical measure that quantifies the dispersion or variability of a set of data points around the mean. It provides information about the volatility or risk associated with an investment. A higher standard deviation indicates greater variability and higher risk, while a lower standard deviation suggests lower variability and lower risk. Standard deviation is commonly used to analyze individual stock returns or portfolio performance.
Beta is a measure of systematic risk in finance. It measures the sensitivity of an individual stock or portfolio's returns to the overall market movements. A beta of 1 indicates that the stock's returns tend to move in line with the market, while a beta greater than 1 suggests the stock is more volatile than the market. On the other hand, a beta less than 1 indicates the stock is less volatile than the market. Beta is a crucial tool for investors to assess the risk associated with a particular stock or portfolio.
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The following statements describe a cooperative equilibrium in an oligopoly where the firms are jointly maximizing profits by restricting output. Which statement is FALSE? a. P> MC for each individual firm. b. An individual firm could increase profits by cheating c. No individual firm will have an incentive to change output. d. MR > MC for each individual firm. e. The firms in the industry will jointly be earning monopoly profits,
In this situation, the false statement is no individual firm will have the incentive to change the output.
The option (C) is correct.
In an oligopoly with a helpful harmony, where firms are mutually expanding benefits by confining results, it isn't a fact that no singular firm will have the motivator to change the result. Each firm has a motivator to build its benefit, even in a helpful setting.
The organizations might have consented to confine yield by and large, there is dependably an enticement for individual firms to digress from the understanding and increment their creation, which might prompt higher benefits for that specific firm.
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The false statement regarding a cooperative equilibrium in an oligopoly where firms are jointly maximizing profits by restricting output is:
d. MR > MC for each individual firm.
In a cooperative equilibrium, where firms are jointly maximizing profits, the marginal revenue (MR) should equal the marginal cost (MC) for each individual firm. This ensures that firms are producing the optimal quantity that maximizes their joint profits. Therefore, the correct statement should be MR = MC for each individual firm, not MR > MC.
In economics, a cooperative equilibrium refers to a situation in which firms in an oligopoly collaborate or cooperate with each other to maximize their collective profits. In this type of equilibrium, firms restrict their output levels and coordinate their actions to avoid excessive competition and price erosion.
Key characteristics of a cooperative equilibrium include:
Jointly maximizing profits: Firms work together to determine output levels that collectively maximize their total profits. This involves setting production quantities and prices in a way that maximizes their joint earnings.
Output restrictions: Firms in a cooperative equilibrium often agree to limit their production or allocate market shares among themselves to avoid price wars and maintain stable prices. By restricting output, they aim to keep prices higher and maintain higher profit margins.
Collusion or cooperation: Firms may engage in collusive behavior, such as forming cartels or entering into explicit agreements, to coordinate their actions. This can involve sharing information, setting common pricing strategies, or dividing market territories.
Lack of incentive for individual firms to deviate: In a cooperative equilibrium, each firm has no incentive to unilaterally change its output level or undercut prices. Deviating from the agreed-upon strategy could result in retaliation or loss of trust among the firms involved.
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why would a company want to provide job applicants with a balanced, honest, and realistic portrayal of a job position?
a. to discourage candidates
b. to increase recruitment costs
c. to prevent negative postings on social media
d. to reduce trunover
A company want to provide job applicants with a balanced, honest, and realistic portrayal of a job position to reduce turnover. Option D is the correct answer.
Using a realistic work preview has advantages such as improving self-selection, applicant experience, candidate commitment, job happiness and performance, and decreasing turnover. Option D is the correct answer.
A requirement in recruiting and selection is the realistic job preview. It is an excellent tool for raising the quality of applications since it assures that candidates are a good match for the position and for the company, and it also promotes employee retention. The actual work description is most likely the most significant component of the realistic job preview. It is essential to present a truthful image of the position and its obligations in order to keep personnel.
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Ms. Marcia Brady lives and works in Prince Edward Island. She owns and operates a No Frills grocery store, which is an HST registrant. During the current year, her business has total revenue of $1775410. 34% of the total revenue is from the sale of fully taxable supplies. 41% of the total revenue is from the sale of zero-rated supplies. The total revenue balance includes applicable HST.
Rent for the period on her store was $24000 and she pays a clerical assistant an annual salary of $28,500. Her capital expenditures during the period are for new shelving with a cost of $40000 and computer point-of-sale hardware for $60000. All expenditure amounts are before HST. The current expenditures and all the assets are used 86% for the provision of taxable supplies. Brady files her business HST return on an annual basis.
Determine the net HST payable or the refund for the year.
(Note: In your answer, a refund should be indicated as a negative number and a payable should be indicated as a positive number).
Ms. Marcia Brady owns and operates a No Frills grocery store in Prince Edward Island, which is an HST registrant. The total revenue earned by the business in the current year was $1775410. Out of this total, 34% of the revenue comes from fully taxable supplies while 41% comes from zero-rated supplies. The balance of the total revenue includes the applicable HST.
The first step in calculating the net HST payable or refund for the year is to determine the amount of HST collected on the fully taxable supplies. To do this, we need to multiply the fully taxable supplies' revenue by the HST rate, which is currently 15%.34% of the total revenue is from fully taxable supplies. Therefore, the amount of HST collected on the fully taxable supplies is:($1775410 x 0.34) x 0.15 = $90427.535Next, we need to determine the amount of HST paid on purchases made for the business. To do this, we need to multiply the amount paid on purchases by the HST rate. As an HST registrant, Ms. Brady would have received credits for the HST paid on purchases. The total amount of credits received should be subtracted from the total HST paid. The result will be the net HST paid on purchases.41% of the total revenue is from zero-rated supplies. Therefore, the amount of purchases for the business is:($1775410 x 0.41) / 1.15 = $63262.8774To determine the HST paid on these purchases, we multiply the amount of purchases by the HST rate, which is 15%.($63262.8774 x 0.15) = $9489.43161The total HST paid on purchases is $9489.43161.Ms. Brady will have received credits for the HST paid on these purchases. If we assume that all purchases were subject to HST and that Ms. Brady has no other HST credits, then the total amount of HST credits she received would be:($63262.8774 x 0.15) = $9489.43161Therefore, the net HST paid on purchases would be zero. The total amount of HST collected on the fully taxable supplies was $90427.535. Since the net HST paid on purchases is zero, the net HST payable or refund for the year would be the difference between the HST collected on the fully taxable supplies and the HST included in the balance of the total revenue:$90427.535 - (1775410 / 1.15 x 0.15) = -$17261.365This means that Ms. Brady is entitled to a refund of $17261.365 for the year.For such more question on multiply
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Write a summary on Terroir. Research about a local wine in your region and in your own words summarize what Terroir means for that brand of wine.
Terroir is a French term which refers to the environment or the place in which a wine is produced. It includes the soil, climate, and topography.
It also encompasses the cultural and human factors like farming methods and local traditions. Each wine region produces unique wines based on their terroir, and this is what sets them apart from others. Terroir is a complex concept that affects every aspect of the wine, including the taste, aroma, and texture of the wine.Local wines in different regions can taste different and be unique due to their terroir.
One such example is the Pinot Noir wine produced in the Burgundy region of France. The soil in this region is composed of limestone and clay which are ideal for growing Pinot Noir grapes. The climate is cooler and the vineyards are situated on slopes which allow for better drainage and exposure to sunlight. These factors contribute to the unique taste of the Pinot Noir wines produced in this region, which have notes of red berries, earthy undertones, and a velvety texture.
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construction cost 130.000 $ X $
annual expenses 12.000 $ 14.000 $
salvage value 18.000 $ 20.000 $
physical life 30 years 32 years
If you consider uniform annual cost values, what is the maximum value of X to make the Project B cheaper.
The maximum value of X to make Project B cheaper is $41,651.75.
Project A :Construction cost = $130,000 Annual expenses = $12,000 Physical life = 30 years Salvage value = $18,000 Project B: Construction cost = $X Annual expenses = $14,000 Physical life = 32 years Salvage value = $20,000. We need to find the maximum value of X to make Project B cheaper. We know that the annual cost of owning and operating an asset for n years is given by the following formula: Annual cost = (construction cost - salvage value + present value of annual expenses) / present value of an annuity of $1 for n years.
Using the above formula, we can calculate the annual cost of Project A and Project B.
Annual cost of Project A: Annual cost = ($130,000 - $18,000 + $12,000 x 21.192) / 21.192= $10,818.18
Annual cost of Project B:Annual cost = ($X - $20,000 + $14,000 x 19.268) / 19.268= (X - $20,000 + $269,752) / 19.268
To make Project B cheaper than Project A, we need to have the annual cost of Project B less than $10,818.18. Therefore, we can write the following inequality: (X - $20,000 + $269,752) / 19.268 < $10,818.18. Multiplying both sides of the inequality by 19.268, we get: X - $20,000 + $269,752 < $208,100.25X < $20,000 + $208,100.25 - $269,752X < -$41,651.75. Therefore, the maximum value of X to make Project B cheaper is $41,651.75.
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15. The fundamental difference between internal and external auditing is that a. internal auditors represent the interests of the organization and external auditors represent outsiders b. internal aud
The fundamental difference between internal and external auditing is that Internal and external auditors are different from each other in their methods and approach. The Correct option is A
What is internal auditing?Internal auditing is the process of assessing and monitoring a company's risk management and control processes. Internal auditors provide an objective assessment of a company's performance, risk management strategies, and the effectiveness of its internal controls. Internal auditors are hired and employed by the company they audit, and they primarily serve the interests of the organization and its management. Their goal is to ensure that the company's internal controls and risk management processes are functioning as intended. The Correct option is A
External auditing, on the other hand, is an independent assessment of a company's financial statements and internal controls. External auditors are not affiliated with the company being audited and represent the interests of outside stakeholders, such as shareholders, regulatory agencies, and the public. External auditors examine the accuracy of a company's financial statements and assess whether they adhere to generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP). They also evaluate the effectiveness of a company's internal controls and risk management processes to identify any significant risks or control deficiencies. The Correct option is A
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COBB-DOUGLAS a) Suppose we have preferences U(X, Y)= X^(1/3) Y^(2/3). Create a table and graph/sketch the indifference curve through the bundle X = 10 and Y = 10 (b) Show that the Marginal Rate of Substitution is MRSxy=- Y/2X. Interpret what this means and what it implies about convexity of the indifference curves. (c) Let prices be Px = 10, Py = 20 and income M = 1000. Draw/sketch the budget constraint. Interpret what the slope of the budget line means in economic terms. (d) Suppose the consumer wanted to maximize utility subject to their budget constraint. State the consumer's maximization problem and express this in words. (e) What are the two conditions (equations) identify the optimum? Sketch this in a figure and explain. (f) Let U(X,Y)= X^(1/3) Y^(2/3) and Px = 10, Py = 20 and income M = 1000. Find optimal X, Y and the resulting Utility. (g) Now let Px = 12. Find the new optimal X and Y and the resulting Utility. Discuss why Utility falls. (h) Why didn't the rise in Px affect consumption of good Y? What is the idea?
(c) Interpretation of Slope of the Budget line. The slope of the budget line in economic terms is referred to as the opportunity cost of good x, which means that how many units of y a consumer must give up to purchase an extra unit of x. The MRT of the budget line represents the amount of good y required for one unit of good x.
Therefore, if the slope of the budget line is less, the consumer would prefer to buy good y because it would be cheaper and the budget would be maximized by buying more of good y. If the slope of the budget line is higher, the consumer would prefer to buy good x because it would be cheaper, and the budget would be maximized by buying more of good x.(d) Consumer's maximization problem The consumer's maximization problem is to maximize the utility subject to their budget constraint. This can be expressed as: Maximize U(X, Y) Subject to PxX + PyY = M Where U(X, Y) = X^(1/3) Y^(2/3); Px = 10; Py = 20; and M = 1000.(e) Conditions identify the optimum the two conditions to identify the optimum are: MRSxy = Px/Py and PxX + PyY = M.
To identify the optimum, the MRS must be set equal to the ratio of prices of goods X and Y. The point of tangency of the budget line and the indifference curve will be the point where the consumer maximizes his or her satisfaction. At the point of tangency, the slope of the budget line is equal to the slope of the indifference curve. The figure below illustrates the optimum:(f) Optimal X, Y and the resulting Utility To find the optimal X and Y, we need to equate the MRS and the ratio of prices of goods X and Y.MRS = Px /Py implies that Y/X = 2/3X^(1/3)Solving for Y, we get: Y = (2/3)X^(1/3) Px/ Py Substituting Px = 10, Py = 20 and M = 1000:X = 50 and Y = 31.62So, the optimal X is 50 and the optimal Y is 31.62The resulting utility is U = (50)^(1/3) (31.62)^(2/3) = 28.05(g) New optimal X and Y and the resulting Utility If Px = 12, then MRS = (-Y/2X) = 2/3 (X^(-2/3)) Px/ Py Setting MRS equal to Px/ Py: Y/X = 4/9X^(1/3)Solving for Y, we get: Y = (4/9)X^(1/3) Px/ Py Substituting Px = 12 and Py = 20 and M = 1000:X = 50.65 and Y = 25.32So, the new optimal X is 50.65 and the new optimal Y is 25.32The resulting utility is U = (50.65)^(1/3) (25.32)^(2/3) = 27.71
Therefore, the utility falls because when the price of good x increases, the consumer shifts his consumption to the cheaper good y. As a result, the consumer will have to purchase fewer units of good x to keep the same level of satisfaction. (h) The idea the rise in Px does not affect the consumption of good Y because the demand for good Y is income inelastic. Income elasticity of demand measures the degree of responsiveness of demand to a change in income. If a good is income inelastic, its demand does not change with the change in income. The reason why good Y is income inelastic in this example is that its price is higher than that of good X. Therefore, a rise in income does not increase the demand for good Y.
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For a present sum of $750,000, determine the annual worth (in then-current dollars) in years 1 through 8 if the market interest rate is 7% per year and the inflation rate is 3% per year. The annual worth is $
Taking into account a given interest rate and inflation rate, the annual value in then-dollars for years 1 through 8 would be:
Year 1 : $65,333, Year 2: $62,891, Year 3: $60,560, Year 4: $58,331, Year 5: $56,197, Year 6: $54,150, Year 7: $52,184, Year 8: $50,292.
To determine his 8-year annual value of the current amount of $750,000 in current dollars, we can use the present value concept, considering a market interest rate of 7%/year and an inflation rate of 3% per year . about the pension system. The formula is:
Annual Value = Present Value * (Interest Rate / (1 - (1 + Interest Rate)^(-n))) * (1 + Inflation Rate)^n
where:
The current value is the initial amount ($750,000 in this case).
The interest rate will be the market rate (7% or 0.07).
Inflation is the rate of inflation (3% or 0.03).
n is the number of years (1-8).
Let's calculate the annual value for each year.
For the first year:
Annual Value = $750,000 * (0.07 / (1 - (1 + 0.07)(⁻¹))) * (1 + 0.03)¹
For the second year:
Annual Value = $750,000 * (0.07 / (1 - (1 + 0.07)⁻²)) * (1 + 0.03)²
Continue this calculation for years 3 through 8, adjusting the exponent of (1 + 0.03) accordingly.
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The following table lists the Income statement and Balance sheet for First American Furniture Company Income Statement 2017 2018 Balance Sheet 2017 2018 Revenue $516 $630 Current assets $350 $420 30 35 Prop, plant, & Equip 500 520 400 480 Depreciation Other operating costs Income before taxes Taxes Total assets $850 $940 86 115 Current liabilities 130 150 30 40 Long-term debt 50 80 Net income 56 75 Total liabilities $180 $230 20 26 $490 $480 $0.56 $0.95 Dividends Earnings per share Dividend per share # of Common shares Shareholders' equity Total L and equity Capital expenditures $850 $940 $0.20 $0.26 45 50 100 100 You are a financial analyst at RBC. Using the data above, you want to determine the value of First American Bank's stock using the Free Cash Flow to Equity (FCFE) model. You believe that the company's FCFE will grow at 30% for three years and 10% thereafter. Capital expenditures, depreciation, working capital and net debt are all expected to increase proportionately with FCFE. The required rate of return on equity is 15% Calculate the amount of FCFE per share for the year 2018 Calculate Projected 2021 terminal value based on constant growth of 10% Calculate the current value of a share of the stock based on the two-stage FCFE model.
The amount of FCFE per share for the year 2018 is $2.40.
What is the FCFE per share for the year 2018?To calculate the FCFE per share for the year 2018, we need to determine the free cash flow to equity (FCFE) and divide it by the number of common shares outstanding. FCFE represents the cash flow available to the company's equity shareholders after deducting capital expenditures, depreciation, working capital changes, and net debt.
First, we calculate the FCFE for 2018 by taking net income ($75) and adjusting for non-cash expenses (depreciation: $35), changes in working capital ($10 increase in current assets - $5 increase in current liabilities), and net debt ($80 increase in long-term debt). This results in an FCFE of $115.Next, we divide the FCFE by the number of common shares outstanding (50) to obtain the FCFE per share for 2018, which is $2.40.
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A company buys an item at a cost of $17.20 each. If the company's operating expenses are 15% of cost, and a net profit of 7% of cost is desired, find the selling price of one item.(round to nearest cent)
A company buys an item at a cost of $17.20 each. If the company's operating expenses are 15% of cost, and a net profit of 7% of cost is desired, the selling price of one item, rounded to the nearest cent, is $20.98.
To determine the selling price of an item, we need to consider the cost, operating expenses, and desired net profit. Let's break down the problem step by step:
Step 1: Calculate the operating expenses:
The operating expenses are given as 15% of the cost. To find the operating expenses, we multiply the cost by 15% (or 0.15).
So, operating expenses = 0.15 * cost.
Step 2: Calculate the total cost:
The total cost consists of the cost of the item and the operating expenses. To find the total cost, we add the operating expenses to the cost. So, total cost = cost + operating expenses.
Step 3: Calculate the desired net profit:
The desired net profit is given as 7% of the cost. To find the net profit, we multiply the cost by 7% (or 0.07). So, net profit = 0.07 * cost.
Step 4: Calculate the selling price:
The selling price is the sum of the total cost and the desired net profit. To find the selling price, we add the total cost and the net profit.
So, selling price = total cost + net profit.
Given that the cost of each item is $17.20, we can substitute this value into the equations we derived above.
Step 1: Calculate the operating expenses:
Operating expenses = 0.15 * $17.20.
Step 2: Calculate the total cost:
Total cost = $17.20 + operating expenses.
Step 3: Calculate the desired net profit:
Net profit = 0.07 * $17.20.
Step 4: Calculate the selling price:
Selling price = total cost + net profit.
By evaluating these equations, we can find the final selling price of one item.
Please note that rounding to the nearest cent will be done at the end, after completing all the calculations.
Let's perform the calculations:
Step 1: Calculate the operating expenses:
Operating expenses = 0.15 * $17.20 = $2.58.
Step 2: Calculate the total cost:
Total cost = $17.20 + $2.58 = $19.78.
Step 3: Calculate the desired net profit:
Net profit = 0.07 * $17.20 = $1.20.
Step 4: Calculate the selling price:
Selling price = $19.78 + $1.20 = $20.98.
Therefore, the selling price of one item, rounded to the nearest cent, is $20.98.
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The following schedule is for bushels of apples in a local market. Graph the supply and demand curves. Determine the equilibrium price and quantity. Price Quantity Quantity Demanded Supplied 1,000 800
The schedule of bushels of apples in a local market can be represented in the form of a demand and supply schedule as shown below:Price Quantity Demanded Quantity .
Supplied1,0008001,1009001,2001,0001,3001,1001,4001,2001,5001,3001,6001,4001,7001,5001,8001,6001,9001,7002,0001,800Graph of supply and demand curves:Equilibrium price and quantity:Equilibrium price is the price at which the quantity demanded equals the quantity supplied.
In the above schedule, we can see that the equilibrium price is $1,500.Equilibrium quantity is the quantity demanded and supplied at the equilibrium price. In the above schedule, we can see that the equilibrium quantity is 1,300 bushels of apples.
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By partnering with suppliers, distributors and customers, companies improve the performance of
a. marketing system
b. value delivery network
c. internal value chain
d. competitive delivery network
By partnering with suppliers, distributors, and customers, companies improve the performance of their value delivery network.
The correct answer is b. value delivery network.
By partnering with suppliers, distributors, and customers, companies can enhance the performance of their value delivery network. The value delivery network refers to the network of organizations involved in the creation, delivery, and exchange of value to customers. It includes suppliers who provide inputs, distributors who help reach the products or services to the market, and customers who are the recipients of the value.
Partnering with suppliers allows companies to establish reliable and efficient supply chains. By building strong relationships and collaborating closely, companies can ensure a steady and timely supply of high-quality inputs. This helps in minimizing costs, improving product quality, and maintaining a competitive edge in the market.
Similarly, partnering with distributors enables companies to extend their market reach and ensure effective distribution of products or services. Distributors have expertise in reaching specific customer segments and can provide valuable insights into market trends and preferences. Collaborating with distributors enhances the company's ability to deliver the right products to the right customers at the right time, leading to increased customer satisfaction and sales.
Partnering with customers is also crucial for companies to understand their needs, gather feedback, and tailor offerings accordingly. By actively engaging with customers, companies can gain valuable insights into market demands, preferences, and emerging trends. This knowledge can inform product development, marketing strategies, and overall business decisions, leading to improved customer satisfaction and loyalty.
Therefore, by forming partnerships with suppliers, distributors, and customers, companies strengthen their value delivery network, optimize their operations, and enhance overall performance in the market.
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"Explain why the concept of an enterprise as an iceberg is
important". I need to write a 3500-word paper on this
topic, please do not post the same answer as before.
The concept of an enterprise as an iceberg is important as it implies that what we can see is only a small part of the whole, and there is a much larger and complex structure hidden below the surface.
This hidden structure represents the fundamental components of an enterprise such as its culture, values, beliefs, processes, and systems that are not immediately visible to the external stakeholders.
The iceberg model is important in business management as it helps leaders to understand the complexities of their organization and the interdependencies of its various parts. By taking into consideration the hidden structure, they can identify the root causes of the problems, develop more effective solutions, and make better decisions.
Additionally, the iceberg concept can be applied to different areas of an enterprise such as customer service, supply chain management, and employee engagement, to gain a deeper understanding of the underlying issues and opportunities.
Overall, the concept of an enterprise as an iceberg is a valuable tool for business leaders to gain insight into their organization and take strategic action.
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cruz company uses lifo for inventory costing and reports the following financial data. it also recomputed inventory and cost of goods sold using fifo for comparison purposes. year 2 year 1 lifo inventory $ 160 $ 110 lifo cost of goods sold 740 680 fifo inventory 240 110 fifo cost of goods sold 660 645 current assets (using lifo) 220 180 current assets (using fifo) 300 180 current liabilities 200 170 1. compute its current ratio, inventory turnover, and days' sales in inventory for year 2 using (a) lifo numbers and (b) fifo numbers.
The Cruz Company's contemporary ratio is higher whilst using FIFO (1.5) compared to LIFO (1.1), indicating higher quick-time period liquidity.
Inventory turnover is better using FIFO (6) than LIFO (4.63), suggesting quicker stock sales. Days' sales in inventory are shorter using FIFO (60.83 days) than LIFO (78.90 four days), indicating faster inventory turnover and capability performance development.
To compute the current ratio, stock turnover, and days' income in stock for Year 2 the usage of LIFO and FIFO numbers, we can use the subsequent formulation:
Current Ratio:
Current Ratio = Current Assets / Current Liabilities
(a) LIFO:
Current Ratio (LIFO) = $220 / $200 = 1.1
(b) FIFO:
Current Ratio (FIFO) = $300 / $200 = 1.5
Inventory Turnover:
Inventory Turnover = Cost of Goods Sold / Average Inventory
(a) LIFO:
Inventory Turnover (LIFO) = $740 / (($160 + $240) / 2) = 4.63
(b) FIFO:
Inventory Turnover (FIFO) = $660 / (($110+ $110) / 2) = 6
Days Sales in Inventory:
Days Sales in Inventory = three hundred and 65 days / Inventory Turnover
(a) LIFO:
Days Sales in Inventory (LIFO) = 365 days / 4.63 = 78.94 days (approx.)
(b) FIFO:
Days Sales in Inventory (FIFO) = 12 months / 6 = 60.83 days (approx.)
Please be aware that the calculations are primarily based at the given financial records.
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a) Under what circumstances does the auditor issue a modified opinion? b) List three types of modified audit opinion and briefly explain the circumstances in which each is appropriate. (6 marks) c) What type of audit opinion should the auditor issue under the following circumstances? Explain your answer. You are about to issue the auditor's report for a client, Felix Co. The financial statements show the following:
Profit before tax £540
Total assets £64,840
Uncorrected misstatements:
Overstatement of receivables due to an irrecoverable debt not being written off £620
a) The auditor issues a modified opinion when the financial statements are materially misstated, or when the scope of the audit has been limited such that the auditor cannot obtain sufficient evidence.
b) The three types of modified audit opinions and the situations in which they are appropriate are: Qualified Opinion: When there is a misstatement in the financial statements, but it is not pervasive. This indicates that the financial statements are reliable, except for a specific area in which the misstatement occurred.
Adverse Opinion: When there are pervasive material misstatements in the financial statements and their effects are so significant that the financial statements as a whole are considered unreliable. Disclaimer of Opinion: When the auditor is unable to obtain sufficient evidence and is unable to express an opinion on the financial statements.
c) The auditor should issue a qualified opinion in this situation. The overstatement of receivables affects the financial statements but is not pervasive.
As a result, the financial statements are dependable, except for the specified area.
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3. Suppose Acme Inc. announces that it had profits of $50
million in the previous quarter, and its stock suddenly drops by
$2. How does this make sense?
It makes sense that Acme Inc.'s stock would drop by $2 after announcing profits of $50 million if investors were expecting the company to earn more than that.
Acme Inc. announcing profits of $50 million in the previous quarter and its stock suddenly dropping by $2 can be attributed to the market's reaction to the announcement. This indicates that investors were expecting Acme Inc.'s profits to be higher than $50 million in the previous quarter, and as a result, the stock price dropped when they learned of the actual profits.
The stock market is forward-looking. This means that it tends to reflect the market's expectations of a company's future performance rather than its current performance. Investors will often use the stock price as an indication of how well they believe the company is doing. If a company's profits fall short of the market's expectations, the stock price will often drop.
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QD=8000-2PX+0.4I+2PY-4PZ
Where
QD = quantity demanded of good X
PX = price of good X
I = consumer income, in thousands
PY = price of good Y
PZ = price of good Z
a. Based on the demand curve above, is X a normal or an inferior good?
b. Based on the demand curve above, what is the relationship between good X and good Y?
c. Based on the demand curve above, what is the relationship between good X and good Z?
d. What is the equation of the demand curve if consumer incomes are $75,000, the price of good Y is $105, and the price of good Z is $80? Be careful - remember that the income in the equation is in "thousands".
e. What are the intercepts and slope of your demand curve? You do not need to draw the demand curve. Just indicate the price intercept and the quantity intercept and the slope, but show your calculations!!
f. If the price of good X is $100, what is the quantity demanded? Show your calculations!
g. Now suppose the price of good Y rises to $150. What would happen to your demand curve? What are the price intercept, quantity intercept and slope? Show your calculations!
a. To determine whether good X is a normal or an inferior good based on the demand curve, we need to consider the sign of the coefficient of consumer income (I). If the coefficient is positive, it indicates that good X is a normal good, meaning that as consumer income increases, the demand for good X also increases.
If the coefficient is negative, it indicates that good X is an inferior good, meaning that as consumer income increases, the demand for good X decreases. In the given demand curve equation, the coefficient of consumer income (I) is 0.4, which is positive. Therefore, good X is a normal good.
b. The relationship between good X and good Y can be determined by analyzing the sign of the coefficient of the price of good Y (PY). If the coefficient is positive, it indicates a substitute relationship, meaning that as the price of good Y increases, the demand for good X also increases. If the coefficient is negative, it indicates a complementary relationship, meaning that as the price of good Y increases, the demand for good X decreases. In the given demand curve equation, the coefficient of the price of good Y (PY) is 2, which is positive. Therefore, good X and good Y have a substitute relationship.
c. Similarly, the relationship between good X and good Z can be determined by analyzing the sign of the coefficient of the price of good Z (PZ). If the coefficient is positive, it indicates a substitute relationship, and if the coefficient is negative, it indicates a complementary relationship. However, the coefficient for the price of good Z (PZ) is -4 in the given demand curve equation. Therefore, good X and good Z have a complementary relationship, meaning that as the price of good Z increases, the demand for good X decreases.
d. To find the equation of the demand curve with consumer incomes of $75,000, the price of good Y at $105, and the price of good Z at $80, we substitute the respective values into the demand curve equation:
QD = 8000 - 2PX + 0.4I + 2PY - 4PZ
QD = 8000 - 2PX + 0.4 * 75 + 2 * 105 - 4 * 80
QD = 8000 - 2PX + 30 + 210 - 320
QD = 7920 - 2PX
The equation of the demand curve with the given values is QD = 7920 - 2PX.
e. To determine the intercepts and slope of the demand curve, we need to rearrange the equation in the slope-intercept form (y = mx + b), where QD is y and PX is x:
QD = 7920 - 2PX
This equation can be rewritten as:
QD = -2PX + 7920
Intercepts:
Price Intercept: Set QD = 0 and solve for PX:
0 = -2PX + 7920
2PX = 7920
PX = 3960
The price intercept is $3,960.
Quantity Intercept: Set PX = 0 and solve for QD:
QD = -2(0) + 7920
QD = 7920
The quantity intercept is 7,920.
Slope:
The slope of the demand curve is -2.
f. If the price of good X is $100, we can use the demand curve equation QD = 7920 - 2PX to find the quantity demanded:
QD = 7920 - 2(100)
QD = 7920 - 200
QD = 7720
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Lear Inc. has $920,000 in current assets, $410,000 of which are considered permanent current assets. In addition, the firm has $720,000 invested in fixed assets. a. Lear wishes to finance all fixed assets and half of its permanent current assets with long-term financing costing 10 percent. The balance will be financed with short-term financing, which currently costs 7 percent. Lear's earnings before interest and taxes are $320,000. Determine Lear's earnings after taxes under this financing plan.
To determine Lear Inc.'s earnings after taxes under the given financing plan, we need to calculate the interest expense and deduct it from the earnings before interest and taxes (EBIT).
First, let's calculate the interest expense for both long-term and short-term financing:
Long-term financing:
Fixed assets financed = $720,000
Permanent current assets financed = $410,000/2 = $205,000
Total long-term financing = Fixed assets financed + Permanent current assets financed
= $720,000 + $205,000
= $925,000
Interest expense for long-term financing = Total long-term financing * Long-term interest rate
= $925,000 * 10%
= $92,500
Short-term financing:
Remaining permanent current assets financed = Permanent current assets - Permanent current assets financed
= $410,000 - $205,000
= $205,000
Interest expense for short-term financing = Remaining permanent current assets financed * Short-term interest rate
= $205,000 * 7%
= $14,350
Now, let's calculate the earnings after taxes:
Earnings after taxes = EBIT - Interest expense - Taxes
Given that EBIT = $320,000 and the tax rate is not provided, we cannot calculate the exact earnings after taxes without the tax rate. However, once the tax rate is provided, we can subtract the interest expense and taxes from the EBIT to determine the earnings after taxes.
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A company with working capital of $720,000 and a current ratio of 2.2 pays a $125,000 short-term liability. The amount of working capital immediately after payment is a. $595,000 b. $720,000 c. $125,000 d. $545,000
The amount of working capital immediately after payment is $595,000.
The correct answer to the given question is option a.
To determine the amount of working capital immediately after the payment, we need to subtract the short-term liability from the working capital.
Given:
Working capital = $720,000
Current ratio = 2.2
Short-term liability = $125,000
The current ratio is calculated as follows:
Current ratio = Current assets / Current liabilities
Since the current ratio is 2.2, we can calculate the current liabilities as:
Current liabilities = Current assets / 2.2
Let's denote the current assets as CA:
CA / 2.2 = Current liabilities
From the given information, we know that the working capital is equal to the current assets minus the current liabilities:
Working capital = CA - Current liabilities
Now, let's substitute the values and solve for CA:
$720,000 = CA - (CA / 2.2)
$720,000 = CA(1 - 1/2.2)
$720,000 = CA(1 - 0.4545)
$720,000 = CA(0.5455)
CA = $720,000 / 0.5455
CA ≈ $1,321,212.12
Now, we can calculate the current liabilities:
Current liabilities = $1,321,212.12 / 2.2
Current liabilities ≈ $600,551.96
After paying the short-term liability of $125,000, the working capital immediately after the payment would be:
Working capital = $1,321,212.12 - $600,551.96 - $125,000
Working capital ≈ $595,660.16
Therefore, the correct answer is option a. $595,000.
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