(4.3) Congratulations, you've been hired by the Chemistry Department to prepare the chemicals
for G-Chem Lab. This week, 4.2 L of a 0.74 M HCl solution is needed. When you go to the
stockroom, you can only find a 4 L bottle of concentrated HCI solution which is 37% by mass HCI
and has a density of 1.1786 g/mL.
a. Calculate the molarity of HCI in the concentrated HCI solution. (Hint: Assume 1 L of
solution.)
b.
Calculate the volume (in mL) of the concentrated solution you'll need to dilute to prepare
the required solution for this week's lab.

The mass of an object is 7.1788g.

We are provided with the following information:

The density of an object = 1.37 [tex]g/cm^{3}[/tex]

Volume of an object = 5.24 [tex]cm^{3}[/tex]

Density of any substance is defined as the ratio of mass of the substance to the volume of the substance. Density is represented by ρ. The SI unit of density is kg/m³.

Density of an object = (Mass of an object) / (Volume of an object)

On substituting the value of density of an object and volume of an object, we get

1.37 [tex]g/cm^{3}[/tex] = ( Mass of an object )/ 5.24 [tex]cm^{3}[/tex]

Mass of an object = (1.37 [tex]g/cm^{3}[/tex] ) × ( 5.24 [tex]cm^{3}[/tex] )

Mass of an object = 7.1788 g

Thus, we can conclude that the object has a mass of 7.1788 g.

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In the modern periodic table, rows are known as the periods, which indicate the last electronic layer of an atom.

Columns are groups, which indicate the number of atoms in the last electronic layer.

Groups involve elements with similar properties, such as metals, non metals, actinides and lanthanides, halogens, noble gases, among others.

Blocks make reference to the orbitals in which the electron configuration end for each atom, those are s, p, d and f.

The pressure is 1.99 atm.

The problem we are dealing with is related to  Gay-Lussac's Law, where the  Gay-Lussac's Law states that the pressure of a given sum of gas held at a steady volume is directly proportional to the Kelvin temperature and If you warm a gas we allow the atoms to get more energy so they moves more quickly.

Since the formula of Gay-Lussac's Law is:

P₁/T₁=P₂/T₂

where, P₁, P₂ are the pressures and T₁ ,T₂ are the temperatures.

As   we are provided with the values such as :

P₁ = 1.4 atm and T₁= (28.3 + 273.15) K = 301.45 K and

T₂ = (115.4 + 273.15) K = 388.55 K.

So from the given formula, we can calculate the P₂ which is

P₂=P₁×(T₂/T₁)

   = 1.4x( 388.55/273.15)

   = 1.99 atm

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The partial pressure of nitrogen, N₂ is 5moles .

A measure of concentration is the mole fraction. The mole fraction, which is denoted by "X," is used to calculate the relative amounts of solute and solvents in a solution. The ratio of the total number of moles in the solution to the number of moles of a particular component is known as the mole fraction.

Total moles of oxygen ,nitrogen and neon are 5+ 2+ 3+ =10 moles.

[tex]X_{N2}[/tex] = moles of N2/total moles of solution

=> 2/10 = 5moles

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The pH of a 0.63 M solution of carbonic acid is 0.2.

pH of a solution is a measure of how acidic or basic water is. The range goes from 0 - 14, with 7 being neutral. pH of less than 7 indicate acidity, whereas a pH of greater than 7 indicates a base.

pH is a measure of the relative amount of free hydrogen and hydroxyl ions {H⁺} in the water. The pH of a substance or solution can be calculated using the following formula:

pH = - log {H⁺}

According to this question, a carbonic acid has a concentration of 0.63M. The pH of the solution is as follows:

pH = - log {0.63}

pH = 0.2

Therefore, 0.63M of carbonic acid has a pH of 0.2.

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20.23 mL is the volume of 0.5 moles of methanol, if it has a density of 0.792 g/mL.

Methanol (CH3OH), also known as methyl alcohol, wood alcohol, or wood spirit, is the most basic of a large group of organic compounds known as alcohols. It is made up of a methyl group (CH3) connected to a hydroxy group (OH).

The destructive distillation of wood once produced methanol. The direct combining of hydrogen and carbon monoxide gas in the presence of a catalyst is the foundation of the modern method for making methanol. Syngas, a blend of carbon monoxide and hydrogen produced from biomass, is being used more frequently to create methanol.

The formula for density is

Density = mass/volume

Here, density is given that is 0.792 g/ml

mass is 0.5 moles which is equal to 16.02g      (substance mass conversion)

Now we need to find volume that is

V = mass/density

V =  16.02g/0.792 g/mL

V = 20.23 mL

Thus, 20.23 mL is the volume of 0.5 moles of methanol

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Nitrogen Flouride is an important covalent compound. A diagram showing the arrangement of the valency electrons can be drawn using Lewis Dot Structures.

The basic principle of Lewis Dot Structures is obtaining either a doublet or octet. Nitrogen being a second-period element posses orbitals to accommodate 8 electrons. The electronic arrangement of fluorine can be stabilized by forming a doublet.

Let:

Nitrogen Flouride is pyramidal in existence, with the presence of one lone pair of Nitrogen. The hybridization of 'N' in this covalent molecule is 'sp3'.

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These are multiple choice type questions involving various concepts of solubility of a solution. The answers can be specified as 8) a 9) b 10) c 11) c 12) b 13) a 14) c 15) b.

The kind of ability of a material, that means the solute, to combine with another substance, that is the solvent, is known as solubility in chemistry. The opposite characteristic, insolubility, is the inability of the solute to create such a solution. Famous Examples of Solubility in Daily Life are from Everyday Uses.

At 20 °C, sugar typically dissolves in water molecules. Gelatin is heat-sensitive and soluble in water.

Sugar, flavorings, and preservatives are often soluble in water at 20 °C and make up powdered juices. Agricultural fertilizers frequently contain nitrates.

Based on the concentration at which they dissolve in a solvent, solutes are categorized as being highly soluble, sparingly soluble, or insoluble. If a concentration of 0.1 is used, it is claimed to be soluble.

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To compare the effect of force on objects with different forces the acceleration must be constant and the air resistance have to be neglected.

Force is an external agent that acts on body to change it from the state of motion or rest. There are various kind of forces like gravitational force, frictional force, nuclear force etc.

In physics force is the product of mass and acceleration of a moving body. Thus F= ma. Hence, force is directly proportional to the mass and acceleration.

As the mass increases force acting on the body increases. Thus the force acting on 4 kg-metal will be higher.But to compare the same force on these three metal blocks, the acceleration must be constant. One more thing that the air resistance have to be neglected.

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Answer:

Explanation:

i don't quite know what the question is here, but...

6+12=18  or Amanda's ball is heavier so the ball would have a hard time, again I don't know what the real question is here

Answer:

Amanda’s ball is heavier so it’s harder throw

Explanation:

Claim: The reason why Amanda was having such a hard time was because she choose a heavier ballEvidence: Jason had no problem with his ball which was 6lb but Amanda was struggle with double the weight of Jason’s ball weight which was 12lb having more mass.Reasoning: Jason picked up a ball with less mass weighting at 6 pounds but because of this his ball was much easier to roll. This was due to Newton’s second law since he had such a lighter ball it was easier for him to through. Newton’s second law is force equal mass times acceleration (f=ma). The opposite could be said about Amanda her ball was so heavy that’s why it was harder to throw. When the mass of Amanda's ball is thrown onto the alley it goes slower because it has much more mass to weight it down, giving the ball less acceleration. 

Area 1 is Noble gases, Area 2 is alkali metals,  Area 3 is metalloids, Area 4 is  alkaline earth metals, Area 5 is non-metal, Area 6 is transition metals and Area 7 is halogens .

In this question, we need to Select the label for each corresponding area . Area 1 is of Noble gases also known as group 18 of the periodic table. Area 2 is of alkali metals in group 1 of the periodic table.

Area 3 is of metalloids present in between of metals and non-metals in the periodic table . Area 4 is of alkaline earth metals in group 2 of the periodic table . Area 5 is of non-metal. Area 6 is of transition metals. Area 7 is of halogens  in group 17 of the periodic table.

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A car travels at 32.1 km/hour. The velocity of car in m/sec is 8.92 m/s.

Velocity is defined as the pace at which an object's location changes in relation to a frame of reference and time.

It can also be defined as the directional speed of a moving item as an indication of its rate of position change as seen from a specific frame of reference.

As we know 1 km = 1000m

                     1 hour = 3600 sec

So, 32.1 km = 32100 m

Velocity = distance / time

Velocity = 32100 / 3600

Velocity = 8.92 m/sec.

Thus, a car travels at 32.1 km/hour. The velocity of car in m/sec is 8.92 m/s.  

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Explanation:

To solve this kind of problem we usually use the ideal gas law. The formula is:

P * V = n * R * T

Where P is the pressure, V is the volume, n is the number of moles, R is the ideal gas constant, T is the temperature. R is 0.082 atm*L/(mol*K), so we have to convert the temperature from °C to K and the pressure from mmHg to atm before solving the formula.

R = 0.082 atm*L/(mol*K)

V = 0.500 L

T(K) = T(°C) + 273.15 K

T(K) = 250 + 273.15 K

T(K) = 523.15 K

760 mmHg = 1 atm

P = 170 mmHg * 1 atm/(760 mmHg)

P = 0.224 atm

Now we can replace those values and solve the formula for the number of moles.

P * V = n * R * T

n = P * V/(R*T)

n = 0.224 atm * 0.500 L/(0.082 atm*L/(mol*K) * 523.15 K)

n = 0.00261 mol

Answer: There are 0.00261 mol in the sample.

If the temperature is 25 °C.

T = (273.15 + 25) K

T = 298.15 K

n = 0.224 atm * 0.500 L/(0.082 atm*L/(mol*K) * 298.15 K)

n = 0.00457 mol

Answer: There are 0.00457 mol in the sample.

The question requires us to calculate the rate of change of NO, given that the rate of change of Cl2 is -0.0500 M/s.

The balanced chemical reaction provided is:

From the stochiometry of the reaction we can say that Δ[NO] = 2/1 Δ[Cl2], thus we can calculate the rate of change of NO as:

Therefore, the rate of change of NO is -0.100 M/s.

Answer:

=> 0.12428 M

Explanation:

To begin, write down a balanced equation;

Ca(HCO3)2 + 2HNO3 => Ca(NO3)2 + 2H2O + 2CO2

Then calculate the number of moles contained in 9.56 mL of 1.30M HNO3

We know that molarity is contained in 1000mL

1000 mL = 1.30 moles

9.56 mL = ?

= (9.56 × 1.30)/1000

= 0.012428 moles

Mole ratio

Ca(HCO3)2 : HNO3

1 : 2

But, xmoles : 0.012428 moles

x = 1/2 × 0.012428

= 0.006214 moles

This moles is contained in 50 mL solution.

50 mL = 0.006214 moles

1000 mL = ?

= (1000 × 0.006214)/50

= 0.12428M

There are 3 nomenclature types, so you have to be attentive of which one it is:

Hydrochloric acid: It is a hydracid, it is composed only of the elements present in the name (hydrogen and chloride).

Copper (II) chloride: It's a salt composed of a metal and a halogen. The oxidation number of the halogen is -1 also in this case. This type of nomenclature tells us which is the oxidation number of the copper also, and it is the number between the parenthesis (+2).

Dinitrogen pentoxide: This type of nomenclature shows the number of atoms of each element present in the formula (di is 2, and penta is 5):

Aluminum sulfide: In the sulfides, there's the element named plus sulfur (with an oxidation number of -2). The aluminum only has +3 in its oxidation number:

Iron (II) nitride: In this case, the nitride means it's going to be nitrogen (with an oxidation number of -3) and the other element, in this case, iron (with an oxidation number of +2, as it says in the name):

Answer:

Explanation:

Here, we want to get the percent yield of the reaction

Mathematically:

From the question:

The actual yield is 18 mol while the theoretical yield is 27 mol

Substituting the values, we have it that:

The energy of one quantum of blue light that has a frequency of 6.46 x 10¹⁴ s-¹ is 4.28 × 10-¹⁹J.

A photon refers to the quantum of light and other electromagnetic energy, regarded as a discrete particle having zero rest mass, no electric charge, and an indefinitely long lifetime.

The energy of a photon can be calculated by using the following formula:

E = hf

Where;

According to this question, blue light has a frequency of 6.46 x 10¹⁴ s-¹. The energy can be calculated as follows:

E = 6.626 × 10-³⁴ × 6.46 x 10¹⁴

E = 4.28 × 10-¹⁹J

Therefore, 4.28 × 10-¹⁹J is the energy of the blue light.

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The general gas law states that the product of the pressure and the volume of the gas, divided by the thermodynamic temperature, in kelvin, is equal to a constant. This constant, in turn, is described by the Clapeyron equation, note:

Where:

P = pressure exerted by the gas

V = volume occupied by this gas

T = temperature in kelvin

R = universal ideal gas constant (0.082 atm.L/mol.K)

n = number of moles

Step 1 - Transform 20 °C into kelvin using the formula: Tk = 273 + Tc

Tk = 273 + 20

Tk = 293 K

Step 2 - Replace the values on the formula:

P = 0.900 atm

V = 8.50L

n = ???

R = 0.082 atm.L/mol.K

T = 293

PV = nRT

0.900 x 8.50 = n x 0.082 x 293

n = 0.106/24.026

n = 0.004407 moles of oxygen

Step 3 - We transform moles into gram using the formula: mass = moles x molar mass

molar mass of O2 = (2x16) = 32 g/mol

mass = 0.004407 x 32

mass = 0.141 grams of O2

Answer: 0.141 grams of O2

The concentration of reactant B after one half-life is equal to 1.512M.

A reaction is said to be a second-order reaction when the overall order of the reaction is equal to two. Suppose the reaction can be represented as follows:

A  +  A  →  P

The rate of second-order reactions can also be written as r = kA²

The term k'' is the rate constant for the second-order reaction and the unit of the reaction rate (r) is moles per liter per second (molL⁻¹s⁻¹) and the unit of the second-order rate constant is M⁻¹s⁻¹.

The half-life of the second-order reaction is:

[tex]t_{\frac{1}{2} } = \frac{1}{B_oK}[/tex]

where B₀ is the initial concentration of reactant B.

Given the rate constant of the 2nd order reaction, k = 1.45× 10⁻³M⁻¹s⁻¹

The half-life of the reaction, [tex]t_{\frac{1}{2} } = 228 sec[/tex]

B₀ = 1/ (1.45× 10⁻³) × 228

B₀ = 3.025M

The concentration of the reactant B after one half-life = B₀/2 = 1.512 M

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Explanation:

The half-life period is represented by the abbreviation P. The time that a material has suffered disintegration is represented by t. Thus, if we know the half-life and the disintegration time (represented by x), we can say how many half-lives a material has gone through until a certain moment. This is done through the relationship below:

t = x * P

With this knowledge, we can still determine the mass that remains after the half-life period from the expression:

m = mo/2^x

were m = mass left

mo = initial mass

x = half-life

Here we have:

P = 9 minutes

t = 27 minutes

x = ????

mo = 80 g

So first let's find x:

t = x*P

27 = x*9

x = 3

now let's find m:

m = mo/2^x

m = 80/2^3

m = 80/8

m = 10 g

Answer: b. 10

The comparison is that Everyone has a partner when ballroom dancing, and groups dance together on a big stage, much like liquid water in a container. In this condition, water molecules form hydrogen bonds with one another, much as how couples dance in a ballroom.

In water vapor, particles move more freely and occasionally collide, as in the dance motion used in freestyle dancing.

Freestyle dancing is essentially improvising dance steps to a song on the fly without any prior choreography, so each dancer has their own unique dance. It is the same for water vapor since, as a gas, it flows in a variety of directions with each particle following its own unique path.

Note that on a molecular level, particles have less energy and mobility when they are in solid form (liquid water), whereas they have more energy and are more widely spaced out when they are in gas form (water vapor).

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Answer:

The fertilizer has 0.3kg of nitrogen, 0.1kg of phosphorus and 0.8kg of potassium.

Explanation:

The series 12-4-32 indicates the percentage of each element in the fertilizer. So, in this case, there are 12% of nitrogen, 4% of phosphorus and 32% of potassium, and the rest will be oxygen.

knowing that the 100% of the fertilizer is equivalent to 2.5kg, we can calculate the mass of each element using a mathematical rule of three:

• Mass of Nitrogen:

• Mass of Phosphorus:

• Mass of potassium:

So, the fertilizer has 0.3kg of nitrogen, 0.1kg of phosphorus and 0.8kg of potassium.

       The quantity of protons in an atom's nucleus is known as the atomic number. The number of protons determines an element's identity (i.e., an element with 6 protons is a carbon atom, no matter how many neutrons may be present).

Answer :A. Atomic number

        The number of protons in an atom determines its atomic number, and isotopes have the same atomic number but different numbers of neutrons.

           All isotopes of a given element have the same atomic number because they all have the same amount of protons (for example, the atomic number of helium is always 2).

          An isotope is one of two or more chemical elements that exist in different forms. Varied isotopes of an element share the same atomic number and protons in their nuclei, giving them the same atomic weight. However, each elemental isotope has a different amount of neutrons, which changes its atomic weight.

The two chlorine isotopes that are found in nature are represented by the symbols 3517Cl and 3717Cl.

The elements hydrogen, deuterium, and tritium each have one isotope.

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1.33 liters of O₂ is required to react with excess of CS₂ to produce 4 Liters of CO₂ gas.

The balanced chemical equation provided is,

CS₂(l) + 3O₂(g) → CO₂(g) + 2SO₂(g)

According to the reaction,

3 moles of O₂ forms one mole of CO₂.

So,

1 mole of O₂ = 1/3 moles of CO₂

We also know,

Amount of CO₂ formed is 4 L.

We also know,

Moles at 0°C and 1 atm = Volume of gas in liters/22.4

Moles of CO₂ = 4/22.4

Moles of CO₂ = 0.1785 moles.

Moles of O₂ required = 1/3 moles of CO₂

Moles of O₂ = 0.1785/3

Moles of O₂ = 0.0595

Volume of O₂ = Moles x 22.4

Volume = 0.0595 x 22.41

Volume = 1.33L

So, the volume of O₂ required is 1.33 Liters.

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Taking into account the change of units, a slice of Swiss cheese contains:

(a) 0.042 grams of sodium.

(b) 0.00148 ounces of sodium.

(c) 0.0000926 pounds of sodium.

The rule of three is a way of solving problems of proportionality between three known values and an unknown value, establishing a relationship of proportionality between all of them.

If the relationship between the magnitudes is direct, the direct rule of three must be applied as follow, being a, b and c known data and x the variable to be calculated:

a ⇒ b

c ⇒ x

So: x= (c×b)÷ a

The direct rule of three is the rule applied in this case where there is a change of units.

To perform in this case the conversion of units, you can apply the following rule of three: if 1 mg is 0.001 grams, 42 mg is equivalent to how many grams?

1 mg ⇒ 0.001 grams

42 mg ⇒ x

So:

x= (42 mg× 0.001 grams)÷ 1 mg

Solving:

x= 0.042 grams

Finally, the mass is 0.042 grams.

To perform in this case the conversion of units, you can apply the following rule of three: if 453.6 g is 16 oz, 0.042 g is equivalent to how many ounces?

453.6 g ⇒ 16 oz

0.042 g ⇒ x

So:

x= (0.042 g× 16 oz)÷ 453.6 g

Solving:

x= 0.00148 oz

Finally, the mass is 0.00148 ounces.

To perform in this case the conversion of units, you can apply the following rule of three: if 453.6 g is 1 lb, 0.042 g is equivalent to how many pounds?

453.6 g ⇒ 1 lb

0.042 g ⇒ x

So:

x= (0.042 g× 1 lb)÷ 453.6 g

Solving:

x= 0.0000926 pounds

Finally, the mass is 0.0000926 pounds.

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Answer:

1.30 g/cm3

Explanation:

d = m/V = 32.4g / 24.9cm3 = 1.30 g/cm3

The non-living parts of the ecosystem such as water, dirt, and air are called abiotic factors. Therefore, option (B) is correct.

An abiotic factor is a non-living part that shapes the environment of an ecosystem. Examples such as temperature, light, and water are parts of the terrestrial ecosystem.  Abiotic factors include salinity and ocean currents in a marine ecosystem. Abiotic and biotic factors come together to create a unique ecosystem.

Abiotic factors are chemical and physical parts that affect living organisms and the functioning of ecosystems. Abiotic factors associated with underpinning biology as a whole. They affect all forms of environmental conditions such as land animals or marine. Humans can make or change abiotic factors in an environment.

Abiotic factors would include water, temperature, humidity, light, radiation, atmosphere, acidity, and soil. The macroscopic climate commonly influences each of the above. Abiotic factors in ocean environments include aerial exposure, substrate solar energy, water clarity, and tides.

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Hydrogen(H₂) will have the highest speed if all the gases were at the same temperature; correct option is D

Hydrogen is described as the chemical element with the symbol H and atomic number 1. Hydrogen is also known as the lightest element which at standard conditions is a gas of diatomic molecules having the formula H₂.

Hydrogen has lowest molecular mass as compared to other gases in the group of options . So, therefore we can conclude that it will have highest speed.

Hydrogen is known to be a colorless, odorless, tasteless, flammable gaseous substance that is the simplest member of the family of chemical elements.

Hydrogen is found to be present in water and in almost all molecules in living things and remains bonded with carbon and oxygen atoms. Hydrogen is widely said to be the most abundant element in the universe.

Hydrogen is spotless and is non-toxic and safe to produce from various different sources, transport, and store in large amounts.

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The potential energy is 84.366 J.

We know that,  potential energy is PE= mgh

PE= 5.0 * 9.81 * 1.72

PE= 84.366 J

Potential energy is a form of stored energy that is dependent on the relationship between different system components. When a spring is compressed or stretched, its potential energy increases. If a steel ball is raised above the ground as opposed to falling to the ground, it has more potential energy. It is capable of performing more work when raised. Potential energy is a characteristic of systems rather than of particular bodies or particles; for instance, the system made up of Earth and the elevated ball has more potential energy as they become further apart.

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