The antibiotic rifampicin blocks transcription in many bacteria. In the presence of the antibiotic, adding sigma factor has no stimulating effect on RNA synthesis. A footprinting experiment on a rifamycin treated sample shows that the polymerase remains located at the promoter site in the presence of eNTPs and Mg2 ion. What step of transcription is rifamycin likely to block
Answer:
transcription initiation
Explanation:
Transcription is a process by which genetic information from DNA is used to synthesize an RNA molecule, usually, a messenger RNA (mRNA), which is subsequently utilized to synthesize a protein by a process called translation. Transcription in prokaryotes has three steps:
1-Initiation: the RNA polymerase is a multisubunit enzyme (holoenzyme) composed of two α, one β, one β’ and one ω and σ subunits (α2ββ’ωσ). This holoenzyme binds to the promoter region of the template DNA strand.
2-Elongation. The sigma σ factor of the holoenzyme is released and the complex and the core enzyme (α2 ββω) moves along the template strand, thereby producing an mRNA sequence
3-Termination. This step can be Rho-dependent, where a protein named "Rho" recognizes the termination site and stop transcription, and Rho-independent (transcription continues until the termination sequence is reached).
In consequence, Rifamycin is likely to block the initiation of transcription because the core RNA enzyme needs to bind the sigma factor (σ) for initiation of transcription in bacteria.
Which method would be best suited for neutralizing the acidic components of waste?
a. Incineration Incineration
b. Discharge to sewers, streams, and rivers Discharge to sewers, streams, and rivers
c. Chemical treatment Chemical treatment
d. Biological treatment
Answer: The method best suited for neutralising the acidic components of waste is chemical treatment. Option C.
Explanation:
Chemical wastes are seen during industrial processes. These wastes include: acids, alkalis, organic solvents, detergents, oils, dyes and heavy metals ( example; mercury, copper and lead). Normally, these wastes should be treated and made harmless before they are emptied into the rivers, lakes and seas. If not treated, the effect of these chemicals on the aquatic ecosystems is extremely harmful.
CHEMICAL TREATMENT of waste is a procedure which is carried out on dangerous acidic waste products to change its chemical properties by neutralisation with basic solutions. Neutralisation is a chemical reaction between a base and an acid. The products formed are salt and water which are less harmful to the ecosystem.
The ACIDIC components of the chemical wastes should be neutralised with an appropriate base solution before disposal to avoid it's harmful effects on the aquatic ecosystems. This is because most chemical wastes are non- biodegradable.
During which cell division phase does the nuclear membrane disappear?
A) telophase
B) metaphase
C) anaphase
D) prophase
Answer:
B)Metaphase
Explanation:
During metaphase, the nuclear membrane disappears and the chromosomes become aligned half way between the centrioles.
Answer:
Prophase
Explanation:
D
Compare and contrast autotrophs and heterotrophs
Answer:
Autotrophs are organisms that can produce their own food from the substances available in their surroundings using light (photosynthesis) or chemical energy (chemosynthesis). Heterotrophs cannot synthesize their own food and rely on other organisms — both plants and animals — for nutrition.
autotrophs are known are known as producers because they are able to make their own food from raw materials and energy, such as plants, algae and some types of bacteria.
heterotrophs are known as consumers Because they consume producers or other consumers such as dogs, birds, fish and humans.
True or false: Desertification is a natural process caused by natural events. ANSWER QUICK
Answer:
true?
Explanation:
Betelgeuse is hotter than Spica.
True or false?
Answer:
False
Explanation:
Betelgeuse is roughly 3x less colder than Spica.
12. What is the energy released from respiration?
Answer:
Carbon Dioxide
Explanation:
During cellular respiration, glucose and oxygen are converted into carbon dioxide.
Count the number of new species that form in each group beginning at 60 mya (the first three species in each group were present around 64 mya, the first time period sampled, so we don't know when those species first appear in the fossil record).
Answer:
hello your question has some missing information attached below is the missing information
answer :
New planktonic larvae species = 10 species
New Non-planktonic larvae species = 26 species
Explanation:
calculate for the number of new species that form in each group
From the question it can seen that 3 species were present before 60 mya in each set
hence to calculate for the number of new species that form in each group
= Total number of species - number of species present at the beginning of 60mya
Group 1 ( New planktonic larvae species )
= 13 -3 = 10 species
Group 2 ( New Non-planktonic larvae species )
= 29 - 3 = 26 species
Nitrogen is used and reused by various organisms and processes as it cycles through the environment. Which of the following statements is false?
A. Plants use nitrogen to make proteins and other molecules
B. Nitrogen-fixing bacteria play a minor role in the nitrogen cycle
C. Urine from animals returns nitrogen to the soil
D. Decomposers release nitrogen compounds into the soil
A DSM diagnosis can
O tell us very clearly how a person will behave in the future
O provide a detailed description of the person's unique characteristics
O be used as a general label to understand a person's problem
tell us the factors that led to the particular disorder
Help please!! | No links!
The trees in a forest were cut down to make room for a housing development. Explain how this impacts the environment.
Answer:
69
Explanation:
60+9=69
Warm air is denser than cold air and it sinks.
A. True
B. False
Answer:
false, its less dense than air
Explanation:
Answer:
False
Explanation:
The energy made from the movement of molecules is called _____ energy.
A
geothermal
B
chemical
C
potential
D
kinetic
Answer:
D: kinetic
Explanation:
Kinetic energy is the energy of motion. This can be the motion of large objects (macroscopic kinetic energy), or the movement of small atoms and molecules (microscopic kinetic energy).
See the Punnett square above. What are the chances these parents will have offspring with a homo-zygous recessive trait?
2 in 4 (50%)
1 in 4 (25%)
O in 4 (0%)
4 in 4 (100%)
Can someone answer this as best as possible (in the picture above)
Answer:
1. 1,000
2.100
3.10
Explanation:
Every time you go up the food pyramid each level gains only 10%, so you would find ten percent of each one
PLEASE HELP FAST!!!!
As humans continued to burn more and more oil and natural resources what has happened
to the world's carbon dioxide output?
Answer:
Global warming 100% one of them. And Air pollution.
Explanation:
Good luck
I need to know what is the answer for number 6 and 7 and that’s all
Answer: Both are correct
Explanation:
What principle is used in the above diagram to calculate the amount of carbon dioxide that is absorbed by land?
Answer:
The law of conservation of mass
Explanation:
In physics and chemistry, the law of conservation of mass or principle of mass conservation states that for any system closed to all transfers of matter and energy, the mass of the system must remain constant over time, as the system's mass cannot change, so the quantity can neither be added nor be removed.
rho = density
t = time
nabla = divergence
v = flow velocity field
Pls help I’m failing
Answer:
C.
Explanation:
Not A. because it didn't mention that (and it's not true)
Not B. because that wasn't mentioned (and common sense tells you it incorrect)
C. because it was mentioned (differently) and it made perfect sense
Not D. because it didn't even talk about how many letters (or sounds) there was to be true (plus look at A. above)
what are the functions of sex chromosomes?
All humans have 46 chromosomes, 23 derived from either biological parent who has their own set.
Sex chromosomes make gene passing possible through creating offspring.
what are the functions of bioreactor?
Answer:
The pricipal function of a accuretely designed bioreactor is to give a controlled environment to achieve optimal growth and/or product formation in the particular cell system employed.
where the input molecules of respiration come from
Answer:
see the explanation
Explanation:
Most of the steps of cellular respiration take place in the mitochondria. Oxygen and glucose are both reactants in the process of cellular respiration. The main product of cellular respiration is ATP; waste products include carbon dioxide and water.
PLEASE HELP !! ILL GIVE 40 POINTS ; PLUS BRAINLIEST !! DONT SKIP ANSWER.
Identify the labeled structures
Answer:
what labeled structures?
Explanation:
What is true about the two daughter cells formed after the binary fission of a bacterium cell?
A) They have the same primary DNA but may have different plasmids.
B) They have variations in the primary DNA but may have a different set of plasmids.
C) They have variations in the primary DNA but have the same set of plasmids.
D) They have the same primary DNA and the same set of plasmids.
Answer:
A
Explanation:
They have the same primary DNA but may have different plasmids.
The two daughter cells which are formed after the binary fission of a bacterial cell have the same primary DNA but may have a different set of plasmids. Thus, the correct option is B.
What is Binary fission?Binary fission is a type of asexual reproduction where a cell body is separated into two different bodies.
During binary fission, the genetic material of an organism is duplicated in the parent cell which enables the two new organisms formed to be able to contain the separate copy of DNA in their nucleus.
In a bacterium cell, when the two daughter cells are formed after the process of binary fission, they contain the same primary DNA but have different plasmids.
Therefore, the correct option is B.
Learn more about Bacteria here:
https://brainly.com/question/8008968
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Which of the following solutions would best address the issues of greatest concern in the community?
Construction of a seawall
Answer:
Construction of an offshore breakwater
Explanation:
A beach community was recently negatively affected by a hurricane. Community leaders are looking for a potential solution to prevent damage from future hurricanes. Below is a list of their concerns as well as how important each issue is to the community.
Community Concerns Concern Level
Wave action Low
Beachfront development Low
Nearshore aquaculture Low
Health of nearby coral reef Moderate
Roosting bird species High
Storm surge threat High
Construction of an offshore breakwater
how can a person with sickle cell disease be benefited if they were diagnosed with malaria? someone please help ill give brainliest
Land warms up faster than the sea.
A. True
B. False
Answer: Solar radiation is absorbed more by land surfaces than by water. Solar radiation from its surface is reflected from water and returned to the environment. Keeping the land surface warm, as well as the vegetation for energy, because land absorbs much more solar radiation. The warmer the surface of land, the quicker it warms.
Explanation:
20.
_Cell division in prokaryotic cells is
a. Sexual
b. Asexual
C. Mitosis
d. Interphase
Answer:
it's binary fission
because --The cell division process of prokaryotes, called binary fission, is a less complicated and much quicker process than cell division in eukaryotes. ... The single, circular DNA chromosome of bacteria is not enclosed in a nucleus, but instead occupies a specific location, the nucleoid, within the cell.
a. DNA replication produces two identical DNA molecules, called ________which separate during mitosis.
b. After chromosomes condense, the __________ is the region where the identical DNA molecules are most tightly attached to each other.
c. During mitosis, microtubules attach to chromosome; at the ____________
d. Ir dividing cells, most Of the cell's growth Occurs during ___________
Answer:
a. sister chromatids
b. histone
c. metaphase plate
d. interphase (if not a choice, then prophase)