We can calculate the change in free energy for a reaction under nonstandard conditions by using the ΔG = ΔH - TΔS equation.
How do we calculate chnage in free energy?Change in gibbs free energy of any reaction will be calculated by uisng the below equation as:
ΔG = ΔH - TΔS, where
ΔH = change in enthalpy
T = temperature of reaction
ΔS = chnage in entropy
By putting all given values we can calculate the gibbs free energy of the reaction, and negative sign of energy shows the spontaneity of the reaction.
Hence by using the enthalpy, entropy and temperature we can calculate the free energy change.
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Free energy refers to the energy in a system that is free to do work i.e. the internal energy minus any energy that is unavailable to perform work.
Why is use of free energy?Free energy is used to determine how systems change and how much work they can produce. It is expressed in two forms: the Helmholtz free energy F, sometimes called the work function, and the Gibbs free energy G.
The free energy change of a reaction can be calculated using the following expression: ΔG∘=ΔH∘−TΔS∘. where ΔG=free energy change.
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In the cells of most organisms, DNA is contained in the
a
cell wall
b
nucleus
c
ribosomes
d
lysosomes
Answer:
B. Nucleus
Explanation:
DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, is the hereditary material in humans and almost all other organisms. Nearly every cell in a person’s body has the same DNA. Most DNA is located in the cell nucleus (where it is called nuclear DNA), but a small amount of DNA can also be found in the mitochondria (where it is called mitochondrial DNA or mtDNA). Mitochondria are structures within cells that convert the energy from food into a form that cells can use.
The information in DNA is stored as a code made up of four chemical bases: adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), and thymine (T). Human DNA consists of about 3 billion bases, and more than 99 percent of those bases are the same in all people
Which of the two sequences of rocks, a-d and e-g, was disturbed by crustal movements after its deposition?
Answer:
Sequence A-D was disturb by crustal movement after it was deposition. We have evidence in given cross section that sequence A-D was disturb by crystal movement just see above this sequence there is conglomerate bed which indicates it is uncomformity and that below uncomformity plane all beds are inclined so it clear evidence that sequence A-D got disturbance by crustal movement.
Explanation:
Sequence order and principal are given below.
one can order the event in any given cross section on the basis of apply some principal like order of super position, principal of cross cutting relationship, principal of inclusion, principal of original horizontality etc. Order of superposition tell us that if rock is undeformed then older rock would be at bottom and younger at top, principal of cross cutting relationship tell if some igneous body intruded in some rock layer so it mean that layer is older than age of intrusion.
Which phrase should be written in the column titled "always"? have a backbone are warm-blooded are multicellular eat plants
The correct phrase would be that warm-blooded animals always have a backbone.
What warm-blooded animals?They are animals whose body temperature does not fluctuate with the temperature of the environment.
Warm-blooded animals have a system in place that ensures that the temperature of their body does not fluctuate significantly. The process by which this is achieved is called homeostasis.
Warm-blooded animals are advanced animals in the chordate group. Chordates have notochords that develop into the brain and the spinal cord in several animals.
Thus, all warm-blooded animals always have a backbone.
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Answer:
Are multicellular
Explanation:
Correct on Edge
how does diffusion helps in absorption of mineral
Higher minerals outside of the cell will diffuse into the cell, down the concentration gradient.
Hope this helps!
A marine ecosystem is represented below. top carnivores, sharks, dolphins, albatross, third-level carnivores, squid, second-level carnivores, larger fish, decomposers first-level carnivorous consumers, juvenile stages of fish, jellyfish, crustaceans, and sea stars, herbivore consumers, zooplankton and cockles, primary producers, phytoplankton and seaweed, sunlight. What is lost to the environment at each of the trophic levels of this ecosystem
The question is as follows,
A marine ecosystem is represented below (you will find the image in the attached files).
- Decomposers
6) Top carnivore: sharks, dolphins, albatross
5) Third-level carnivores: squid
4) Second-level carnivores: larger fish
3) First-level carnivores: juvenile stages of fish, jellyfish, crustaceans, and sea stars
2) Herbivore: zooplankton and cockles
1) Primary producers: phytoplankton and seaweed
- Sun provides energy to producers
What is lost to the environment at each of the trophic levels of this ecosystem?
In a trophic web, 10% of a link's energy is transferred to the following link, and the other 90% dissipates to the environment as heat. The answer is heat.
What is the trophic web?The trophic web is the interaction between different organisms involving transference of energy when some of them feed on the other ones.
The ones placed at lower levels pass energy to the ones at the higher levels.
Organisms at each level feed on the preceding one and become food for the next one.
The first link corresponds to a producer organism -autotroph-.The following links are the consumers -heter0trophs-: herbivores and carnivores.The last links are the decomposers that degrade organic matter from dead organisms.Because it is a web, all organisms are in equilibrium until a change occurs. When a sudden change affects any of the involved links, there can be a cascade effect on the web.
Any change in a link population size (increasing or decreasing) will affect the superior links and the immediately anterior link.
What is the 10% rule?From the energy that reaches the Earth's surface, only 0.1 or 1% is absorbed by autotroph organisms.
This small percentage of energy flows through all organisms in the ecosystem -from autotrophs to heter0trophs- until it dissipates in the environment.
Only 10% of energy is transferred from one level to the next one. The remaining 90% is dissipated as heat to the environment. This assessment is called The 10% rule.
This rule states that only about 10% of the energy stored as biomass at one trophic level, ends up as biomass at the next trophic level.
The progressive reduction of energy determines the number of trophic levels (4 or 5).
Heat is lost to the environment at each of the trophic levels of this ecosystem.
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Polar bears are believed to have evolved from brown bears 600,000 years ago. Their white fur is an adaptation that allows them to better survive in their snowy environment. This is an example of which mode of natural selection? Explain why you chose this answer.
Answer:
Polar bears have thick, warm, white coats to use as a disguise to sneak up and attack and kill their prey. Overall polar bears have white coats to blend in with their suroundings
Explanation:
What stress causes this type of fault to form?
compression
gravity
tension
shearing
Explanation:
shearing
.........................
Answer: A compression
Explanation: I answered shearing on Edge and got it wrong.
In your own words wright a paragraph of the process of the circulatory system.
can you answer this question pls
Answer:
Tumor's are formed by a rapid cell division and is given many immature cells. But by preventing mitosis it will prevent the formation of growth of new cellls and will hence the growth of a tumor.
Hope this helps :))
how does climate change relate to fairness and development?
Answer:
Climate change aggravates the effects of population growth, poverty, and rapid urbanisation. Without serious adaptation, climate change is likely to push millions further into poverty and limit the opportunities for sustainable development and for people to escape from poverty.
Fairness in Adaptation to Climate Change looks at the challenges of ensuring that policy responses to climate change do not place undue and unfair burdens on already vulnerable populations.
why do plants grown with less light grow taller than the ones grown with light
Hormones released down the stem from the tip of the stem inhibit stem expansion when exposed to light. The hormones do not impede stem growth in the dark. Seeds growing in the dark rely on chemical energy stored in their cells (lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates) to fuel their growth.
Topic: March PhenomenonAnswer:
The light slows stem elongation by sending hormones down the stem from the tip of the stem.
Explanation:
Hormones do not slow stem elongation in the dark. Dark-grown seeds rely on the chemical energy stored within their cells (lipids, proteins, carbohydrates) to power their growth.
referenced from https://stemeducation.nd.edu/
five kingdom system of classification is more advanced than two kingdom system of classification. why
please can you answer my question
its for ninth grade please tell suitable answer and fasttttttt
Answer:
This system of classification of living organisms is better than following the older classification of plants and animals because it eradicated the confusion of putting one species in two different kingdoms.
Explanation:
In five kingdom classification, the criteria to classifiy organisms include
1. Presence / absence of cell wall
2. Presence / absence of nuclear envelope
3. Mode of nutrition
4. Mode of reproduction.
5. Body organisation, Unicellular or multicellular
Acoordingly the organisms were grouped in 5 Kingdoms namely,
Monera - Unicellular prokaryotic organisms -Example, Bacteria
Protista - Unicellular eukaryotic organisms - Example, Euglena, Amoeba, Paramoecium etc
Fungi - Eukaryotic, multicellular organisms with saprophytic mode of nutrition.
Example, Rhizopus, Agaricus etc
Plantae - Eukaryotic multicellular organisms, that are photosynthetic autotrophs Example, Mango, Coconut etc
Animalia - Eukaryotic multicellular organisms, heterotrophic in nutrition
Example, Lion, Dog, Monkey etc
Advantages of Five kingdom over two kingdom classification
1. The five kingdom classification seggregates organisms based on five basic criteria, as compared to two kingdom classification where organisms are classified based on two criteria.
2. Unicellular prokaryotes and eukaryotes as well as Fungi were not included in the two kingdom classification.
3. Mixotrophs like Euglena too were not included in the two kingdom classification.
State two functions of vascular bundles in leaves
Answer:
Vascular bundle consists of two complex tissues- xylem and phloem. So it has the functions of both.
Functions of vascular bundle:
Transportation of water and minerals from roots to other plant parts and leaves.
Transportation of food from leaves to all other plant parts.
Sometimes, it also serves for support.
Explanation:
Hope it help you
The function of vascular bundles in leaves is transportation of water and minerals from roots to other plant parts and leaves.
What do you mean by vascular bundles?A vascular bundle is a part of the transport system in vascular plants. The transport itself happens in the stem, which exists in two forms: xylem and phloem.
Vascular bundles play important roles in transporting nutrients, growth signals, amino acids, and proteins between aerial and underground tissues.
It is a component of the transport system in vascular plants. It comprises two tissues, i.e. phloem and xylem. Xylem comprises vessel elements, tracheids, xylem sclerenchyma, xylem parenchyma, and xylem fibers.
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Drag each item to the correct location to indicate whether it describes the American or European weather model.
USA model predicts weather out to 10 days, 21 forecasts, four models, whereas European model is most accurate, with 51 forecasts and weather out to 16 days.
What are weather models?The weather models are defined as different models used to predict the weather around the world.
The Global Forecast System (GFS) model is developed by U.S. National Weather Service and consists of four separate models (atmosphere, ocean, land/soil, sea ice).
In conclusion, USA model predicts weather out to 10 days, 21 forecasts, four models, whereas European model is most accurate, with 51 forecasts and weather out to 16 days.
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Reduced vegetation on Earth results in _____.
Answer:
fragmentation of habitat, soil erosion, soil compaction, and increased input of sediment into waterways.
Explanation:
Reduced vegetation on earth will result in more carbon dioxide in the atmosphere because the plants will not absorb the rest.
The effects of plant removal on soil biota were similar to that in the dry season. For both seasons, understory removal had no significant effects on soil Physico-chemical properties (soil water content, pH, total nitrogen, and soil organic carbon) but the removal of all plants significantly decreased soil pH.
Expansive changes in tundra and boreal vegetation can have significant implications for physical and ecological processes, as well as impacts on communities. Vegetation change that alters land surface darkness influences albedo and surface energy balance.
HURRY 100 points and a brainlest
Explain at least three pro’s and three cons of invasive species solution. Three reasons why it’s a good solution and three reasons why it’s not, or what challenges it faces.
Who are the stakeholders (people who would care about this issue)? Include those who are supportive of the solution and how it would benefit the environment, and people who would be opposed to the solution (usually they would lose money somehow). If there are no people opposed, state that.
Answer:
The direct threats of invasive species include preying on native species, outcompeting native species for food or other resources, causing or carrying disease, and preventing native species from reproducing or killing a native species' young.
Explanation:
Suggest how damage to the air sacs can cause the symptom of breathless when exercising.
what is the name for a bright red, spicy curry sauce often served with raita?
What type of doctor specializes in the male reproductive system?.
Answer:
urologist
Explanation:
A urologist is a medical doctor specializing in conditions that affect the urinary tract in men, women and children, and diseases that affect the reproductive system
Oscar finds an organism that turns inorganic carbon into organic carbon. What is this process AND what type of organism did Oscar find?
Answer:
This process is called biological carbon fixation, or carbon assimilation. Oscar has found either a plant or algae.
Explanation:
How is the DNA sequence
AATTA replicated in a new strand during replication?
Answer:
TTAAT
Explanation:
In a strand of DNA, Adenine and Thymine form complementary pairs, while Guanine and Cytosine form complementary pairs. This sequence lacks Guanine and Cytosine.
Counterclockwise rotation of the flagellum causes a bacterial cell to swim or ______ towards a stimulus, interrupted by clockwise rotation in which the cell ______ and changes its course.
Counterclockwise rotation of the flagellum causes a bacterial cell to swim or run towards a stimulus, interrupted by clockwise rotation in which the cell tumbles and changes its course.
How does a bacterium respond to stimuli?A bacterium is a unicellular organism that posseses a structure called flagellum.
Flagellum in bacteria is a long, whiplike proteinaceous appendage, used for locomotion.
However, a counterclockwise rotation of the flagellum causes a bacterial cell to swim or run towards stimulus. This rotation is interrupted by a clockwise rotation of the flagellum that causes the bacterium to tumble.
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WRITE ABOUT PACKAGING OF DNA DOUBLE HELIX IN EUKARYOTES AND PROKARYOTES
Explanation:
Packaging Of Dna Double Helix:Prokaryotes
↬ No well defined nucleus.
↬ DNA is held with some proteins in nucleoid region.
Eukaryotes
↬ Histones:
↬ Positively charged proteins. ↬ Rich in arginine and lysine. ↬ 5 types:- H₁ H₂A, H₂B, H₃ H₄.↬ Histone octamer:
↬ A pair of 4 histones.↬ Nucleosome:
↬ DNA (-ve charge) makes two complete turns around the histone octamer (+ve charge) to form a nucleosome.Answer:
in prokaryotes there is there is not proper neucloseomw
⚠️⚠️⚠️THE ANSWER IS WOOD!! Trust me, I asked my biology teacher which ones I got wrong on the unit test and she sent me screenshots. The screenshots showed the answers too. it said natural gas was wrong and wood was correct. look...⚠️⚠️⚠️
Which resource is sometimes unpredictable in terms of energy production?
coal
wood
gasoline
natural gas
Answer:
Yes, the answer is wood.
Explanation:
Wood is a natural material and is subject to variations in composition and moisture content. Therefore the energy from burning it or gasifying it would likewise be variable.
not sure what the purpose of this question was, but here's the explanation anyway! have a nice day.
Which is the answer a b c or d.
help please!!!
13 15 and 16
BIOLOGY
After being formed by the ribosomes located in the ER, the next organelle to which a protein could be transported is Golgi bodies through anograde pathway of protein transport.
What do you mean by Protein transport?Protein transport may be defined as a process through which various proteins are migrated from the ER to the functional site after packaging into the vesicles.
Most likely the function of a long whip-like tail is to provide motility to the cell, which means movement.
Therefore, option D is correct in question number 16.
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what is the probability that a gamete will be recessive in a heterozygous parent
A heter0zygous parent (Aa) has one dominant allele (A) and one recessive allele (a). They will produce 4 gametes and half of their alleles are recessive so there is 50% that a given gamete will be recessive (2 gametes have recessive, 2 gametes have dominant)
What is an allele?Assuming the gene is represented by the allele G (dominant), the alternate form (recessive) of the allele will be g.
A heter0zygous pea plant will have the genotype Gg. During gamete formation, Gg will split into G and g gametes.
Thus, 2 is the probability that a gamete will be recessive in a heterozygous parent.
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Which statement could be supported by the graph?
Time versus Population Density Graph
a. The number of frogs will decrease in response to an increase in the fly population.
b. The number of grasshoppers will increase in response to an increase in the bird population.
c. The number of coyotes will decrease in response to an increase in the rabbit population.
d. The number of hawks will decrease in response to a decrease in the mice population.
Answer:
d
Explanation:
As the number of prey decrease, the number of predators will naturally decrease. Therefore, in option D, where hawks are the predators and mice are the prey, makes the most sensible answer.
Statement :
The number of hawks will decrease in response to a decrease in the mice population.
As per the graph, the correct answer here is that the number of hawks will decrease in response to a decrease in the mouse population, which is option D, as the rise of the predator would lead to the fall of the prey number in the ecosystem.
What is the prey-predator graph?A prey-predator graph is a graphical representation of the relationship between a population of prey and their predators, and the graph shows how the population sizes of prey and predators change over time and how they affect each other. Prey and predator populations are closely linked. When there are more prey, there is more food available for predators, so predator populations tend to increase. However, as predator populations increase, they begin to consume more prey, which causes the prey population to decrease. As the prey population decreases, the predator population may also decrease due to a lack of food. This creates a cycle of predator-prey population fluctuations that can be observed on a prey-predator graph.
Hence, As per the graph, the correct answer here is that the number of hawks will decrease in response to a decrease in the mouse population, which is option D.
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What is the genotype of the male in generation i?
Answer:
Heterozygous is the answer
Please help would be very much appreciated