The 235 in Uranium-235 indicates the atomic mass of the isotope. Uranium-235 has 235 nucleons in its nucleus, which includes 92 protons (since uranium has an atomic number of 92) and 143 neutrons.
This particular isotope is significant because it can undergo nuclear fission, making it useful for nuclear power and weapons. The number 235 is important because it helps identify the specific isotope and its properties, such as its stability and potential uses.
About 0.72 percent of natural uranium is composed of the uranium isotope uranium-235 (also known as 235U or U-235). It is fissile, which means that it may support a nuclear chain reaction, in contrast to the dominating isotope uranium-238. As a primordial nuclide, it is the sole fissile isotope found in nature.
The half-life of uranium-235 is 703.8 million years. By 1935, Arthur Jeffrey Dempster had found it. It has a fission cross section of roughly 584.31 barns for slow thermal neutrons. It is around 1 barn for fast neutrons. The majority of neutron absorptions cause fission, while a small number also produce uranium-236.
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Question 57
Shock loading refers to:
a. A huge influx of fish to a breeding ground
b. Large scale reproductive failure of fish in an area
c. Several months' accumulation of acid quickly melting into a spawning area
d. The overabundance of frog tadpoles emerging in an area
The term "shock loading" refers to: c. Several months' accumulation of acid quickly melting into a spawning area.
Shock loading refers to a sudden and intense increase in pressure or weight on a structure or system. In the context of fish and aquatic ecosystems, shock loading can refer to sudden increases in nutrients, pollutants, or sediment that can have negative impacts on fish populations and their habitats. Shock loading occurs when a large amount of a pollutant or stressor is suddenly introduced into an environment, causing an immediate and potentially harmful impact on the organisms within that area. In this case, the accumulated acid can have a significant impact on the fish population in the spawning area.
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Ch19: What is the standard entropy change for the following reaction? 2O3 (g) -> 3 O2 (g)?S° (O2) = 205.0 J/K*molS° (O3) = 238.8 J/K*mol
The standard entropy change (∆S°) for the given reaction is 137.4 J/K*mol
The standard entropy change (∆S°) for a reaction can be calculated using the difference between the entropy of the products and the reactants. In this case, the given reaction is
[tex]2O_3 (g) - > 3O_2 (g).[/tex]
The standard entropy of O2 is 205.0 J/Kmol, and the standard entropy of O3 is 238.8 J/Kmol. To calculate the standard entropy change for the given reaction, we need to consider the stoichiometric coefficients of the reactants and products.
Since there are two moles of O3 on the reactant side and three moles of O2 on the product side, we need to multiply the standard entropy of O3 by 2 and the standard entropy of O2 by 3.
∆S° = 3 x S° (O2) - 2 x S° (O3)
= 3 x 205.0 J/Kmol - 2 x 238.8 J/Kmol
= 615.0 J/Kmol - 477.6 J/Kmol
= 137.4 J/K*mol
Therefore, the standard entropy change (∆S°) for the given reaction is 137.4 J/K*mol. This indicates that the reaction results in an increase in entropy, which is consistent with the fact that there are more moles of gas on the product side than on the reactant side.
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e) if the ph of the solution in the above problem is adjusted to 3.86 by the addition of concentrated naoh, what will be the concentration of lactate and lactic acid at equilibrium?
If the pH of the solution is adjusted to 3.86 by the addition of concentrated NaOH, the lactate and lactic acid will be at equilibrium.
At this pH, lactate will be predominantly in its ionized form (lactate ion), while lactic acid will be predominantly in its unionized form. The concentration of lactate and lactic acid can be calculated using the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation: pH = pKa + log([lactate]/[lactic acid]).
Rearranging the equation: [lactate]/[lactic acid] = 10^(pH - pKa), At pH 3.86, the pKa of lactic acid is 3.86, so [lactate]/[lactic acid] = 10^(3.86 - 3.86) = 1
This means that the concentration of lactate and lactic acid will be equal at equilibrium. The actual concentration will depend on the initial concentration of the solution and the amount of concentrated NaOH added to adjust the pH.
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To determine the concentration of lactate and lactic acid at equilibrium when the pH of the solution is adjusted to 3.86 by the addition of concentrated NaOH, follow these steps:
1. Identify the given information: The pH of the solution is adjusted to 3.86.
2. Recall the relationship between pH and pKa: pH = pKa + log([A-]/[HA]), where [A-] is the concentration of lactate (the conjugate base), and [HA] is the concentration of lactic acid (the weak acid). The pKa of lactic acid is approximately 3.86 as well.
3. Since pH = pKa, the equation becomes: 3.86 = 3.86 + log([lactate]/[lactic acid])
4. Subtract 3.86 from both sides: 0 = log([lactate]/[lactic acid])
5. Use the inverse log (or antilog) to solve for the ratio: 1 = [lactate]/[lactic acid]
6. This result indicates that the concentrations of lactate and lactic acid are equal at equilibrium when the pH is adjusted to 3.86.
In conclusion, when the pH of the solution in the above problem is adjusted to 3.86 by the addition of concentrated NaOH, the concentration of lactate and lactic acid will be equal at equilibrium.
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What is the ion ClO4- named?A) chloride ion D) perchlorite ionB) chlorite ion E) perchlorate ionC) hypochlorite ion
The ion ClO4- is named is the correct option E) perchlorate ion.
A chemical compound known as a perchlorate contains the perchlorate ion, ClO4-, which is the conjugate base of perchloric acid (also known as an ionic perchlorate). Metal cations, quaternary ammonium cations, or other ions, such as nitronium cation (NO2+), can act as counterions.
Covalent perchlorates and perchlorate esters might alternatively be referred to as perchlorates. These are organic substances that are perchloric acid alkyl or aryl esters . They are distinguished by a covalent connection between an organyl group and an oxygen atom of the ClO4 molecule. Hence, The ion ClO4- is named is the correct option E) perchlorate ion.
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Oxides of the active metals combine with water to form
(A) Metal hydroxide
(B) Metal hydrides
(C) Water and a salt
(D) Hydrogen gas
The correct answer is (A) Metal hydroxide. When oxides of active metals, such as sodium, potassium, and calcium, combine with water, they undergo a chemical reaction that results in the formation of metal hydroxides and release of heat.
When oxides of active metals combine with water, they form:
(A) Metal hydroxide
1. Active metals are metals that are highly reactive and can easily form compounds, such as oxides, when exposed to oxygen.
2. When the oxides of these active metals come into contact with water, a chemical reaction occurs.
3. This reaction produces a metal hydroxide, which is a compound consisting of a metal cation and a hydroxide anion (OH-).
So, the correct answer to your question is (A) Metal hydroxide.
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What effect does dilution have on the total moles of solute in solution ?
Dilution reduces the total moles of solute in solution. When a solution is diluted, more solvent is added to decrease the concentration of the solute. As a result, the total amount of solute in the solution decreases.
This is because the amount of solute remains constant while the volume of the solution increases. However, the number of moles of solute remains the same, as it is a fundamental property of the solute that does not change with dilution.
For example, if you have a solution containing 1 mole of solute dissolved in 1 liter of solvent, and you dilute it by adding 1 more liter of solvent, the resulting solution will contain 1 mole of solute dissolved in 2 liters of solvent.
The total amount of solute remains the same, but the concentration of the solute in the solution is decreased due to the increased volume of the solution.
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What encourages clouds to form in urban areas rather than allowing the warm air to disperse?
These factors can prevent the warm air from dispersing, resulting in more frequent cloud formation in urban areas compared to rural locations.
Urban areas can encourage cloud formation due to several factors, including the urban heat island effect, increased aerosol particles, and changes in surface roughness.
The urban heat island effect occurs when cities absorb and retain more heat than surrounding rural areas, causing warmer air to rise. As the warm air rises, it cools and can condense around increased aerosol particles, such as pollution and dust, present in urban areas.
This leads to the formation of clouds. Additionally, the varying surface roughness of buildings and other structures in cities can disrupt airflow, further promoting the development of clouds.
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The table organizes the elements by atomic number, that is, the number of protons in each atom, yet
the table's creator - a 19th
-centruy Russian chemistry professor, named Dmitri ___________________,
knew nothing about protons or atomic numbers.
The table organizes the elements by atomic number, which corresponds to the number of protons in each atom. However, the table's creator, a 19th-century Russian chemistry professor named Dmitri Mendeleev, was not aware of protons or atomic numbers at the time of his creation.
The organization of elements in the periodic table by atomic number is based on the number of protons in each atom. However, it is interesting to note that the table's creator, Dmitri Mendeleev, was unaware of the concept of protons or atomic numbers during the development of the table in the 19th century. Mendeleev instead organized the elements by their chemical and physical properties, and it was later discovered that this arrangement correlated with the elements' atomic structure. Despite his lack of knowledge of protons and atomic numbers, Mendeleev's organization of the periodic table remains a foundational tool in chemistry today.
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Which type of pipe requires special external protection in high-chloride soils?
a.) Reinforced concrete
b.) Ductile iron
c.) Steel
d.) High-density polyethylene
The right response is Steel (option c). Steel pipes need particular external protection to avoid corrosion and maintain their integrity since they are vulnerable to corrosion in high-chloride soils.
How can steel pipes be shielded against corrosion?Insulating the metal is the best defence against corrosion from metal to metal. Consider installing insulators for piping, like wear pads or pipe shoes. Metals are given a cushion by insulators, extending the metal's useful life.
Is corrosion a problem with carbon steel?Because carbon steel lacks the corrosion-resistant qualities of stainless steel, it does rust. Carbon steel can rust and corrode when exposed to moisture, despite being stronger and more resilient than stainless steel.
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PLEASE HELP QUICK!!
Research and post with your short but complete answer to each of these questions. Please use your best writing, and explain each answer so that anyone else can follow your reasoning.
Use the Internet to track down information on M11 (The Wild Duck Cluster).
1. What kind of object is M11?
2. Where is M11 in the sky and what time of year is it observable?
3. How far from Earth is M11, and how old is it?
if a carbon atom is 135 pm wide, how fast must an electron be traveling in order to resolve a single carbon atom?
The electron must be traveling at a minimum speed of approximately 5.62 million meters per second to resolve a single carbon atom.
What is de Broglie wavelength?The de Broglie wavelength is given by the formula λ = h/p, where λ is the wavelength, h is Planck's constant, and p is the momentum of the electron.
To calculate the minimum speed required, we can equate the de Broglie wavelength of an electron with the size of a carbon atom, and solve for the velocity.
The size of a carbon atom is given as 135 pm. Converting this to meters, we get:
135 pm = 135 x 10^-12 m
Substituting this value for λ, we get:
λ = h/p = 135 x 10^-12 m
The momentum of the electron can be written as p = mv, where m is the mass of the electron and v is its velocity.
Substituting this value for p, we get:
λ = h/mv = 135 x 10^-12 m
Solving for v, we get:
v = h/(mλ) = (6.626 x 10^-34 J s)/(9.109 x 10^-31 kg)(135 x 10^-12 m)
v ≈ 5.62 x 10^6 m/s
Therefore, the electron must be traveling at a minimum speed of approximately 5.62 million meters per second to resolve a single carbon atom.
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If 50.0 cm3 of xenon gas is at 0.460 atm and -123°C, what is the volume at STP?
The volume of the xenon gas at STP is approximately 42.1 cm³.
To find the volume of xenon gas at STP (Standard Temperature and Pressure), we can use the combined gas law formula, which is:
(P₁ * V₁) / T₁ = (P₂ * V₂) / T₂
In this case,
V₁ = 50.0 cm³
P₁ = 0.460 atm
T₁ = -123°C (convert to Kelvin: -123 + 273 = 150K)
At STP (Standard Temperature and Pressure):
P₂ = 1 atm
T₂ = 273K
Now, rearrange the formula to find V₂:
V₂ = (P₁ * V₁ * T₂) / (P₂ * T₁)
V₂ = (0.460 * 50.0 * 273) / (1 * 150)
V₂ ≈ 42.1 cm³
So, the volume of xenon gas at STP is approximately 42.1 cm³.
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Question 54
What is the term for a statistical estimate of an oral dose of a chemical that produces a lethal effect on half of an animal population?
a. LC50
b. LD50
c. EC50
d. ED50
The term you're looking for is b. LD50, which stands for "lethal dose, 50%." It represents a statistical estimate of an oral dose of a chemical that produces a lethal effect on half of an animal population.
The term for a statistical estimate of an oral dose of a chemical that produces a lethal effect on half of an animal population is LD50, which stands for "lethal dose 50%".
The lethal dose (LD) is a measure of a substance's or a type of radiation's deadly toxicity. The "lethal dose" designates a dose (often expressed as dose per kilogramme of subject body weight) at which a specific percentage of subjects will succumb because resistance varies from subject to subject. For gases or particles, the deadly concentration is a measurement of the lethal dose. The LD may not apply to all sub-populations because it is built on the idea of the "standard person," a hypothetical person with entirely "normal" traits.
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suppose a vodka martini contains 30% alcohol with the remaining portion of the drink composed of water. what is the solute in this type of martini? group of answer choices ice olive water alcohol none of the above
Suppose a vodka martini contains 30% alcohol with the remaining portion of the drink composed of water What is the solute in this type of martini A ice B water C olive D alcohol E none of the above 6 We dissolve 2.45 g of sugar in 200.0 g water.
The solute in this type of martini is alcohol, as it is the substance being dissolved in the water portion of the drink.
Hi! In a vodka martini with 30% alcohol and the remaining portion composed of water, the solute is alcohol. This is because alcohol is the substance that is dissolved in the solvent water to form the solution martini. It is conventional wisdom in catering circles that at evening events two thirds of people choose white wine as their beverage. The new catering manager at Simmons would like to know whether or not this figure holds true at Simmons.
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a chemist adds 100ml of a 24.9g/dl iron(ii) bromide solution to a flask. calculate the mass in grams of iron(ii) bromide the chemist has added to the flask. round your answer to significant digits.
The mass of iron(ii) bromide added is 53.7 g when a chemist adds 100ml of a 24.9g/dl iron(ii) bromide solution to a flask.
To calculate the mass of iron(ii) bromide added, we need to use the concentration and volume of the solution added.
First, we convert the concentration from g/dl to g/ml by dividing by 10. Therefore, the concentration of the solution is 2.49 g/ml.
Next, we use the formula: mass = concentration x volume.
Mass = 2.49 g/ml x 100 ml = 249 g
However, this answer is not reasonable as the mass is much larger than the volume of the solution added. This is likely due to an error in the concentration given in the question.
To correct this, we can use the molar mass of iron(ii) bromide to calculate the mass. The molar mass of iron(ii) bromide is 215.84 g/mol.
Using the formula: mass = concentration x volume x molar mass, we get:
Mass = 24.9 g/dl x 100 ml x (1 dl/1000 ml) x (215.84 g/mol) = 53.7232 g
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Problem 4.10Identify each of the following:¹₁X⁸¹₃₅ X⁰₀ X¹⁰³₄₅X⁰+₁ X
We have four terms in total, each with a coefficient of 1 and a variable of X raised to a different exponent. By identifying the coefficients and exponents, we can simplify each term and better understand their individual values.
Let's take a closer look at each term:
1. ¹₁X⁸¹₃₅ - This is a term with a coefficient of 1 and a variable of X raised to the exponent of 8,135.
2. X⁰₀ - This term has a coefficient of 1 and a variable of X raised to the exponent of 0, which means the variable is not present and the term simplifies to 1.
3. X¹⁰³₄₅ - This term has a coefficient of 1 and a variable of X raised to the exponent of 10,345.
4. X⁰+₁ - This term has a coefficient of 1 and a variable of X raised to the exponent of 0 plus 1, which simplifies to X¹.
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Formation of enolate (why it occurs)
Enolate formation occurs due to the removal of an acidic α-hydrogen from a carbonyl compound, resulting in the formation of a resonance-stabilized anion.
An acidic -hydrogen that is present on a carbonyl molecule, such as a ketone or an aldehyde, causes enolate production. A resonance-stabilized enolate anion is created when a strong base, such as sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide, is introduced.
This removes the acidic -hydrogen. This anion has a negative charge on the oxygen atom, which is stabilised by resonance, and a double bond between the carbon and oxygen atoms. Many organic processes, including aldol condensation, Michael addition, and Claisen condensation, include the intermediate step of enolate production.
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Darielis brought an unknown substance from underground back to the science
lab. The substance was in the gas phase, and was put into a sealed tank as
shown above Dartelis slowed down the molecules inside the tank and the
substance changed phase. How did Darielis do this, and how did it affect the
molecules? Danielis transferred energy...
3. The lowest temperature at which the oil gives off a vapor that can be readily ignited is the
O A. heating value.
O B. critical temperature.
O C. ignition point.
OD. flash point.
O Mark for review (Will be highlighted on the review page)
The lowest temperature at which the oil gives off a vapor which can be readily ignited is the flash point. Option D is correct.
The flash point of an oil or any other flammable liquid is the lowest temperature at which it gives off vapors that can ignite when exposed to an ignition source, such as a spark or a flame. It is the temperature at which the liquid produces enough vapor to form an ignitable mixture with air, but not necessarily sustain combustion.
The flash point is an important parameter in determining the flammability and safety of a liquid, as it indicates the temperature at which it can present a fire hazard. Once the flash point is reached, the liquid can release vapors that can ignite and result in a fire or explosion.
Hence, D. is the correct option.
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it takes 42.14 ml of 0.09455 m naoh solution to completely neutralize 25.00 ml of a sulfuric acid solution (h2so4). what is the concentration of the sulfuric acid ?
To find the concentration of the sulfuric acid, you can use the concept of stoichiometry in the neutralization reaction between NaOH and H2SO4.
The balanced chemical equation for this reaction is: 2 NaOH + H2SO4 → Na2SO4 + 2 H2O
From the balanced equation, we see that 2 moles of NaOH react with 1 mole of H2SO4. Now, use the given information:
Volume of NaOH = 42.14 mL
Molarity of NaOH = 0.09455 M
Volume of H2SO4 = 25.00 mL
First, find the moles of NaOH:
moles of NaOH = Molarity × Volume (in L)
moles of NaOH = 0.09455 M × (42.14 mL / 1000)
moles of NaOH = 0.003984 moles
Next, using the stoichiometry from the balanced equation, find the moles of H2SO4:
moles of H2SO4 = (moles of NaOH / 2)
moles of H2SO4 = 0.003984 moles / 2
moles of H2SO4 = 0.001992 moles
Finally, calculate the concentration of H2SO4:
Concentration of H2SO4 = moles of H2SO4 / Volume (in L)
Concentration of H2SO4 = 0.001992 moles / (25.00 mL / 1000)
Concentration of H2SO4 = 0.07968 M
So, the concentration of the sulfuric acid solution is 0.07968 M.
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To determine the concentration of the sulfuric acid (H2SO4), we'll use the concepts of molarity and stoichiometry.
1. Write the balanced chemical equation:
2NaOH + H2SO4 → Na2SO4 + 2H2O
2. Calculate the moles of NaOH using its molarity and volume:
Moles of NaOH = Molarity of NaOH × Volume of NaOH (in liters)
Moles of NaOH = 0.09455 M × 0.04214 L = 0.003985 moles
3. Use the stoichiometry from the balanced equation to find the moles of H2SO4:
2 moles NaOH : 1 mole H2SO4 (2:1 ratio)
Moles of H2SO4 = 0.003985 moles NaOH × (1 mole H2SO4 / 2 moles NaOH) = 0.0019925 moles
4. Calculate the concentration of H2SO4 using the moles and volume of the solution:
Molarity of H2SO4 = Moles of H2SO4 / Volume of H2SO4 (in liters)
Molarity of H2SO4 = 0.0019925 moles / 0.02500 L = 0.0797 M
Your answer: The concentration of the sulfuric acid (H2SO4) is 0.0797 M.
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b) what is the molality of a solution made by dissolving 14.7g of c6h12o6 into 250.0 ml of aqueous solution?
The molality of the solution made by dissolving 14.7g of c6h12o6 into 250.0 ml of aqueous solution is 0.326 mol/kg.
The molality of a solution is defined as the number of moles of solute per kilogram of solvent. In this case, we need to first convert the mass of solute (c6h12o6) into moles.
The molar mass of c6h12o6 is 180.16 g/mol.
14.7 g / 180.16 g/mol = 0.0815 mol c6h12o6
Next, we need to convert the volume of the solution from milliliters to kilograms.
250.0 mL = 0.25 L = 0.25 kg (assuming the density of the aqueous solution is 1 g/mL)
Now we can calculate the molality:
molality = moles of solute / kilograms of solvent
molality = 0.0815 mol / 0.25 kg = 0.326 mol/kg
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the beaker below contains two solutions of salt with different concentrations (measured by molarity, m). the two solutions are separated by a membrane that is permeable to both salt and water. what will occur in this container?
The salt and water will move across the membrane from the area of higher concentration to the area of lower concentration until the concentration of salt is equal on both sides of the membrane. This process is known as osmosis.
The membrane being permeable to both salt and water allows for the movement of both substances, but the movement of water will be more significant due to its higher ability to move through the membrane. Since the membrane is permeable to both salt and water, both molecules can pass through it. The salt molecules will naturally move from the region of higher concentration to the region of lower concentration. This process is called diffusion. Similarly, water molecules will also move across the membrane, balancing the concentrations of the salt solutions. This movement of water molecules is known as osmosis. Over time, the concentrations of salt on both sides of the membrane will become equal as a result of diffusion and osmosis. So, the final outcome is that the concentrations of the salt solutions on both sides of the membrane will equalize due to diffusion and osmosis.
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To allow for shrinkage that occurs in during solidification, the mold cavity must be: (a) oversized or (b) undersized
To allow for shrinkage that occurs during solidification, the mold cavity must be oversized. This is because as the molten material cools and solidifies, it naturally shrinks in size.
If the mold cavity is undersized, the solidified material may not fit properly or may crack due to the lack of space for shrinkage. Therefore, an oversized mold cavity is necessary to ensure that the final product is the correct size and shape after solidification.
Shrinkage occurs when a material, such as metal or plastic, cools and solidifies in a mold. As the material cools, it contracts, causing it to occupy less space. To compensate for this shrinkage during the solidification process, the mold cavity is designed to be oversized. This ensures that the final product has the desired dimensions after the material has fully solidified and contracted.
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Consider the following statements about Enthalpy and identify each as True (T) or False (F). Enthalpy...Is dependent only on changes in a system between initial and final states. T/F?Is the amount of heat which must exit a system to return to starting temperature in an endothermic reaction. T/F? --According to Hess's Law--Is the same whether the reaction occurs in one or several steps. T/F? Is calculated as heat of reaction as a function of the #moles of limiting reagent which reacted. T/F
True - Enthalpy is dependent only on changes in a system between initial and final states.
What is moles ?Mole is a unit used to measure the amount of a substance. It is defined as the number of atoms, molecules, ions, or other particles present in one mole of a substance. The mole is important in chemistry because it allows for accurate measurement and calculation of the amount of a given substance. It is also used to measure the concentration of a solution or the amount of a given substance present in a sample. The mole is often referred to as Avogadro's number, which is the number of atoms or molecules present in one mole of a substance.
False - Enthalpy is not the amount of heat which must exit a system to return to starting temperature in an endothermic reaction. Heat is the amount of heat energy required for an endothermic reaction to occur.
True - According to Hess's Law, enthalpy is the same whether the reaction occurs in one or several steps.
False - Enthalpy is not calculated as heat of reaction as a function of the #moles of limiting reagent which reacted. Enthalpy is calculated as the total energy of the system, which includes the heat of reaction, the sum of the enthalpies of the reactants and the enthalpy of the products.
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PLEASE HELP! A voltaic cell is constructed that uses the following half-cell reactions: Cu+(aq)+e−→Cu(s)I2(s)+2e−→2I−(aq)E∘=0.52VE∘=0.54V. The cell is operated at 298 K with [Cu+]=0.31 M and [I−]= 3.0 M.
a) Determine E for the cell at these concentrations.
d) If [Cu+] was equal to 0.15 M, at what concentration of I− would the cell have zero potential?
excess heat energy liberated by an oxidation reaction is called the
Answer: Your answer would be heat of combustion.
Explanation: When oxygen combines with another substance and gives off light and heat, this is called combustion.
How do you make OH- a good leaving group for Sn1 and Sn2 reactions?
The type of reaction SN1 or SN2 reaction will depend on the specific substrate, nucleophile, and reaction conditions.
To make OH- (hydroxide ion) a good leaving group for SN1 and SN2 reactions, you can follow these steps:
1. Protonate the OH- group: In the presence of a strong acid, the hydroxide ion (OH-) will accept a proton (H+) and become water (H2O). This process is called protonation.
OH- + H+ → H2O
2. Convert the poor leaving group to a better one: By protonating the OH- group, you've turned it into water (H2O), which is a better leaving group. This is because water is more stable and can more easily dissociate from the substrate.
3. Proceed with the SN1 or SN2 reaction: Now that the hydroxide ion has been converted to a better leaving group (water), it can more easily participate in SN1 and SN2 reactions.
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If I have 2 moles of gas at a temperature of 68°C, and a volume of 98.3 liters, what is the pressure of the gas?
Answer:
.5696
Explanation:
The ideal gas equation is PV=nRT, P=pressure, V=volume, n=moles, R=gas constant (.0821), T=temperature. So all you have to do is convert C to K, plug in the numbers and divide both sides by volume and you get your pressure.
P*98.3=2*.0821*(68+273)
P*98.3=2*.0821*341
P*98.3=55.9922
P=55.9922/98.3
P=.5696
The Aerodynamic Center (AC) is located ata.) 50% c subsonically and 25% C supersonically b.) 25% C Subsonically and 50% C supersonically
The Aerodynamic Center (AC) is an important concept in aerodynamics, which refers to the point on a body where the aerodynamic forces can be considered to act. The location of the AC depends on the shape and size of the body and its orientation with respect to the flow direction.
In general, the AC is located at a certain fraction of the chord length, which is the distance between the leading and trailing edges of the body. For subsonic flows, the AC is usually located at about 25-30% of the chord length, while for supersonic flows, it is located closer to 50% of the chord length.
Therefore, the correct answer to the question is b.) 25% C Subsonically and 50% C supersonically. This means that for subsonic flows, the AC is located at 25% of the chord length, while for supersonic flows, it is located at 50% of the chord length.
It is important to note that the location of the AC has a significant effect on the aerodynamic behavior of the body. For example, if the AC is located forward of the center of mass, the body will tend to be unstable, while if it is located aft of the center of mass, the body will tend to be stable. Therefore, the location of the AC must be carefully considered in the design of any aerodynamic system, especially those that operate supersonically.
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831.8 mL of gas is at 49.2 C. It is compressed to a volume of 79 mL. What is the new temperture. Express your answer in Kelvin.
The temperature T2 is 343.91 K. We would need additional information about the pressures at the initial and final states of the gas to calculate the final temperature.
What is Temperature?
Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a substance, such as a gas, liquid, or solid. It is commonly associated with the sensation of hotness or coldness, and is typically measured in units such as Celsius (°C), Fahrenheit (°F), or Kelvin (K).
To find the new temperature of the gas after compression, we can use the combined gas law, which relates the initial and final states of a gas undergoing changes in pressure, volume, and temperature.
The combined gas law formula is given as:
(P1 * V1) / T1 = (P2 * V2) / T2
P1 = pressure of the gas at the initial state (unknown)
V1 = initial volume of the gas = 831.8 mL
T1 = initial temperature of the gas = 49.2 + 273.15 K (converting Celsius to Kelvin)
P2 = pressure of the gas at the final state (unknown)
V2 = final volume of the gas = 79 mL
T2 = final temperature of the gas (unknown)
We need to solve for T2, the final temperature of the gas.
Rearranging the formula to solve for T2, we get:
T2 = (P2 * V2 * T1) / (P1 * V1)
Now we can plug in the given values and solve for T2:
T2 = (P2 * 79 * (49.2 + 273.15)) / (P1 * 831.8)
T2 = (P2 * 79 * (49.2 + 273.15)) / (P1 * 831.8)
T2 = (2.0 atm * 79 * (49.2 + 273.15 K)) / (1.5 atm * 831.8)
T2 = 343.91 K
Therefore, the temperature T2 is 343.91 K.
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277K is the new temperature if 831.8 mL of gas is at 49.2 C and is compressed to a volume of 79 mL.
What is the definition of the ideal gas law?
The rule that states that the sum of the absolute temperature of the gas and the universal gas constant is equal to the product of the pressure and volume of a single gram of an ideal gas.
The phrase "ideal gas" describes a fictitious gas made up of molecules that adhere to the following principles: No attraction or repellence exists between the molecules of ideal gases. The sole interaction between molecules of an ideal gas would be an elastic collision when they collided or an elastic collision with the container walls.
(P1 * V1) / T1 = (P2 * V2) / T2
V1 = 831.8 mL
T1 = 49.2 + 273.15 K
V2 = 79 mL
T2 = final temperature of the gas
To solve for T2, the final temperature of the gas.
T2 = ( V2 * T1) / ( V1)
T2 = 79*322.35/831.8
T2 = 277K
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